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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi
Deratization Of Budapest And Five Years Of Follow-Up Control Measures, Daniel Bajomi
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
A brief review of deratization carried out in Budapest (.2 million inhabitants) is given. As a result of an extensive eradication project initial infestation level of premises amounting to 33% decreased below 0.5%. Materials and techniques employed for the preservation of a rat free state as well as the method how to determine the size of the remainder of the rat population are described. "Idealized premises" were introduced allowing comparison between rat infestations of various areas. Report on the relationship between rat population and temperature, on the areal dispersion of population and on how re-infestation occurs. Finally conclusions are drawn …
Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark
Opening Comments — Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Welcoming Statment
Conference Participants
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
A total of 347 people registered at the Conference. The participants came from 33 states, the District of Columbia, and 20 other countries: Australia, Canada, Colombia, Egypt, England, Ethiopia, Fed. Rep. Germany, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania, Thailand, and Venezuela. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributes to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified exchange of ideas and information.
Mountain Beaver Problems In The Forests Of California, Oregon And Washington, John E. Borrecco, Robert J. Anderson
Mountain Beaver Problems In The Forests Of California, Oregon And Washington, John E. Borrecco, Robert J. Anderson
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Mountain beavers (Aplodontia rufa) cause considerable damage to forest trees in the Pacific Northwest. Feeding injuries result in mortality, growth losses, deformity of trees, and understocked plantations. Losses are most severe in new plantations with significant damage problems also occurring in sapling stands. Trapping, and placing physical barriers around individual trees, are the most common methods of control. Both methods are costly but effective in reducing damage.
Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding
Red Kangaroo Management In Western Australia, C.D. Gooding
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The Red Kangaroo is the dominant native grazing herbivore over much of the arid rangeland area of Western Australia, where the species exists side by side with introduced livestock. The numbers are such that Red Kangaroos can be utilized as the basis for a commercial harvesting industry provided the population is managed on a sustained yield basis. The WA Management Programme is designed to take account of the need for conservation of the species and for protection of the livestock industry and the rangelands on which both kangaroos and the livestock industry depend.
Closing Remarks ─ Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference , Rex E. Marsh
Closing Remarks ─ Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference , Rex E. Marsh
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Closing Remarks
Proceedings: Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference
Proceedings: Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Proceedings: Ninth Vertebrate Pest Conference
An Ecological Strategy For Controlling Bovine Rabies Through Elimination Of Vampire Bats, Rexford D. Lord
An Ecological Strategy For Controlling Bovine Rabies Through Elimination Of Vampire Bats, Rexford D. Lord
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Because of the limited resources of most Latin American countries, an ecological strategy for controlling bovine rabies through elimination of vampire bats is proposed instead of attempting total eradication. The strategy is essentially a combination of one or more of the anticoagulant control techniques applied with knowledge of the epizootiology of vampire rabies. Since rabies outbreaks in vampire bats are migratory, each outbreak is studied to determine the direction and velocity of its course, then an area is selected in its path where vampires are eliminated, forming a barrier and resulting in elimination of the outbreak.
Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott
Dispersing Blackbirds And Starlings From Objectionable Roost Sites, Donald F. Mott
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Frightening devices and other methods of dispersing roosting blackbirds and starlings are described along with the techniques for their proper application. In a study in the southeastern United States, exploding shotgun shells and noise bombs were used to disperse roosts of up to 1 million birds. Five roosts containing up to 1 million blackbirds and starlings were 96 to 100% dispersed by two to five people during three to eight evenings of harassment. Dispersal cost between $80 and $535 per roost.
Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins
Taste-Aversion Learning And Its Implications For Rodent Control, Robert J. Robbins
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Although bait shyness has long been recognized as a problem to be overcome in the control of vertebrate pests, it has recently been suggested that the phenomenon might be turned to an advantage and used as an alternative, non-lethal form of control. Unfortunately, this technique has not proven to be as useful as hoped, as the work which has been done on coyotes is inconclusive at best and some recent work on rodents has cast serious doubts upon the method's potential. However, an extensive literature dealing with the formation of poison-based food aversions now exists, and insights gained from these …
Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson
Plague Studies In California — The Roles Of Various Species Of Sylvatic Rodents In Plague Ecology In California, Bernard C. Nelson
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The status of our knowledge of the roles of various sylvatic rodents in plague ecology in California is reviewed. Two theories, Pavlovsky's doctrine of focality of zoonotic diseases and Baltazard's proposal that plague is maintained in nature in resistant rodent species, form the framework for our understanding of the occurrence and persistence of plague. The concepts of resistance, reservoir species, susceptibility, and recipient species are defined and discussed. The ecological attributes that appear to enhance the role of certain rodent species as reservoirs are proposed, and the ecological features that appear to produce epizootics are briefly outlined. Based on current …
Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade
Predator Damage Control, 1980: Recent History And Current Status, Dale A. Wade
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
This review summarizes executive and other actions relating to cancellation of the predacides in 1972 and related events. A chronology of these actions and events is appended (Appendix A). Predator damage control operations, and research findings over the past decade, are briefly reviewed and related political decisions are discussed.
The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer
The Influence Of Insects In Bird Damage Control, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Considerable effort has gone into developing and testing the various management methods for keeping blackbirds out of cornfields, but little work has been directed at understanding the relationship of the birds or the damage control methods to the other organisms within cornfields. This report shows that in a number of cases insects may influence bird-damage control programs. It points out the complex interaction among organisms that can occur in agricultural crops and the importance of considering pest control from an integrated view instead of from a single-species basis.
Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman
Population Studies On Gerbils Of The Western Desert Of Egypt, With Special Reference To Gerbillus Andersoni De Winton, Kamal Wassif, Sohail Soliman
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Population studies on the gerbil, Gerbillus andersoni, were carried out in Omayed in the Western Desert of Egypt during the period from July 1976 through August 1978 inclusive. Studies included determination of the sex ratio in the different age and weight groups, as well as seasonal changes in this ratio. The mean weight and age at the onset of maturity and the reproductive activity of both sexes were determined. The study also included seasonal changes in mean body weights of both sexes, those of the testes in relation to body weights, as well as changes in the length of the …
Exclusion Of Gulls From Reservoirs In Orange County, California, William Amling
Exclusion Of Gulls From Reservoirs In Orange County, California, William Amling
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Measures to exclude gulls from two coastal domestic water supply reservoirs in Orange County have included the use of shotguns, exploding shell cartridges and carbide cannons. Alternative methods were explored which hopefully would prove more effective and less costly than the harassment techniques being employed. The installation of a network of spaced wire over the reservoir water surface has successfully excluded gulls from these bodies of water.
The Situation Of Grain-Eating Birds In Somalia, Richard L. Bruggers
The Situation Of Grain-Eating Birds In Somalia, Richard L. Bruggers
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Research into the biology and control of pest birds in Somalia has continued intermittently since 1971 under UNDP funding of four projects. Data have been gathered on the identification, distribution, and status of the principal pest species to agriculture. These species include the Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea), of which northern and southern races occur, and several other ploceid weavers (Ploceus spp.) which may damage cereal crops. The movements, food habits, and corresponding impact of these species on agriculture in Somalia are discussed in detail. As a result of the information obtained during these years of research, emphasis has recently shifted …
Lithium Chloride Bait Aversion Did Not Influence Prey Killing By Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly
Lithium Chloride Bait Aversion Did Not Influence Prey Killing By Coyotes, Richard J. Burns, Guy E. Connolly
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Conditioned food or flavor aversion has been proposed as a method to stop coyote predation on sheep. The method entails treating sheep carcasses or meat baits with an emetic, lithium chloride (LiCl), and scattering them on sheep ranges. Theoretically, coyotes eat the baits, become ill, and subsequently desist from killing and eating sheep because they associate sheep flavor with sickness. In recent studies, coyotes have not formed prey aversions. Coyotes avoided baits because of LiCl flavor rather than prey flavor and prey killing aversions were not found. We conducted a study designed to find the best LiCl-prey flesh concentration to …
Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick
Deer-Proof Fences For Orchards: A New Look At Economic Feasibility, James W. Caslick
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Woven-wire fences, 2.4-m-high, have proven to be deer-proof and economically feasible for some apple orchards planted to semi-dwarf and dwarf trees, under high-density planting systems. The factors included in a benefit-cost analysis are described, and a formula is given to facilitate a decision about the economic feasibility of investing in a fence of this type.
Armadillos: Problems And Control, Patricia A. Chamberlain
Armadillos: Problems And Control, Patricia A. Chamberlain
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) has been successful in extending its range throughout the southeastern states. It occupies such a diverse range of habitats that its effects on its surroundings depend largely on where it is located. It offers benefits from its burrowing and eating patterns by creating dens for furbearers and destroying large quantities of injurious insects and their larva. Those same activities in urban and suburban areas are now being recognized as a source of considerable nuisance and moderate damage. Damage is most severe from July through early November. They have been recognized in connection with several diseases …
Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance
Use Of Toxicants For Coyote Control By Livestock Producers In Alberta, Michael J. Dorrance
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
This paper examines and evaluates the use of strychnine baits and cyanide guns for coyote (Canis latrans) control by livestock producers in Alberta. Livestock predation occurred almost exclusively during spring, summer, and fall; livestock predation was negligible during winter. In contrast, use of toxicants was negligible in spring, distributed rather evenly through the summer and fall, and most intense in mid-winter. Forty-eight percent of the producers set toxicants in response to predation, and 1/2 of these apparently resolved their predator problems. Fifty-five percent of the producers set toxicants for preventive control, predominantly during October-February when the effectiveness of control was …
Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula
Recent Developments In Anticoagulant Rodenticide Resistance Studies: Surveillance And Application In The United States, Stephen C. Frantz, Constance M. Padula
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Since anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was first discovered in the United States in 1971, it has become apparent that the phenomenon is widespread. In cooperation with the Center for Disease Control, a nationwide surveillance program was initiated in 1977 to obtain statistically valid samples of rats from federally funded projects of the Urban Rat Control Program. A summary is given of the basic sampling, testing, and analysis components of this study. Problems encountered in all aspects of the first three years of the program are discussed along with results from the 40 completed samples. The 16 cities with significant Anticoagulant Resistance …
Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo
Mammals And Birds Affecting Food Production And Storage In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The systematic study of the roles of vertebrate pests in agriculture in Nigeria is relatively very young, having spanned only two decades. During this period the species composition of vertebrate pests has been determined in some important crop plants like cocoa (Taylor 1961, Everard 1968), oil palm (Greaves 1964), maize (Everard 1966; Funmilayo 1976) and rice (Funmilayo and Akande 1977). The ecology of a few important pest species has been studied. Because of its devastating destruction of many graminaceous crops in Nigeria and over most parts of Africa, the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) has been studied more intensively than other …
Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans
Hazards To Small Mammals Associated With Underground Strychnine Baiting For Pocket Gophers, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Victor G. Barnes Jr., R. Michael Anthony, James Evans
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) is a major factor limiting reforestation in the western United States. To control gopher populations and reduce damage, the U.S. Forest Service annually treats thousands of hectares with strychnine alkaloid bait. Because an underground application of strychnine bait could pose a threat to other species, we monitored small mammal populations before and after a baiting operation conducted in 1979 on the Targhee National Forest, Idaho. Although two deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) recovered within baited areas were killed by strychnine, live-trapping revealed no differences in small mammal populations before and after baiting. …
Changes In A Feral Pig Population After Poisoning, James Hone, Henry Pedersen
Changes In A Feral Pig Population After Poisoning, James Hone, Henry Pedersen
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The changes in a feral pig population associated with 1080 poisoning were examined. There was a 58.1% reduction in population size after poisoning with no age-specific effect. The population size increased over 11.5 months after poisoning at an observed instantaneous rate of increase per year of 0.57. The results are discussed relative to feral pig control.
Needs Of County Agents For Vertebrate Pest Control Information In Georgia, Jeffrey J. Jackson
Needs Of County Agents For Vertebrate Pest Control Information In Georgia, Jeffrey J. Jackson
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The general public in the state of Georgia is faced with at least 45 kinds of vertebrate animal damage control problems. Their questions asking for problem solutions are often directed to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service agents in 156 counties. County agents in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area receive an average of 325 requests for vertebrate pest control information a year. Agents in the Coastal Plain Area receive an average of 140 questions per year as does the Extension Wildlife Specialist. The combined total of vertebrate animal damage control questions received by all agents is approximately 60,000 per year. Typically difficult questions …
Levels Of Bird Damage To Sorghum In The Awash Basin Ofethiopia And The Effects Of The Control Of Quelea Nesting Colonies, Michael M. Jaegar, William A. Erickson
Levels Of Bird Damage To Sorghum In The Awash Basin Ofethiopia And The Effects Of The Control Of Quelea Nesting Colonies, Michael M. Jaegar, William A. Erickson
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Quantitative assessments of bird damage to lowland sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were made annually from 1976 through 1979 in the major growing areas associated with the Awash River Basin. Results indicated that the Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea) can be an important limiting factor in the overall production of this cereal, and that damage can be locally severe. Lethal control of Quelea breeding colonies found along the Awash River and at Lake Zwai was undertaken in September/ October of both 1978 and 1979. Subsequent assessments showed substantially less bird damage in both years and overall losses were minimal.
The Problem Of Pika Control In Baluchistan, Pakistan, Abdul Aziz Khan, William R. Smythe
The Problem Of Pika Control In Baluchistan, Pakistan, Abdul Aziz Khan, William R. Smythe
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The collared pika, Ochotona rufescens has been recorded as a serious pest in apple orchards in the uplands valley of Ziarat in Baluchistan. In the winter, when the natural vegetation is lacking, the pikas debark the apple tree trunks or branches resulting in the killing of the tree and reduced fruit production. In summer, damage to wheat, corn and potatoes is also very severe. It is estimated that pikas cause hundreds of thousands of dollars (US) in annual apple production losses. The apple production in Baluchistan accounts for about 35 percent of the total provincial income through food production. During …
Baiting Blackbird And Starling Congregating Areas In Kentucky And Tennessee`, C.E. Knittle, J.L. Guarino, P.C. Nelson, R.W. Dehaven, D.J. Twedt
Baiting Blackbird And Starling Congregating Areas In Kentucky And Tennessee`, C.E. Knittle, J.L. Guarino, P.C. Nelson, R.W. Dehaven, D.J. Twedt
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Four studies were conducted in January 1977-79 in Kentucky and Tennessee. Two of these studies were to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of selectively reducing starlings from mixed blackbird/starling winter roosts by baiting their congregating areas with Starlicide Complete pellets. The two remaining studies dealt with determining bait preference of starlings and nontarget birds for two formulations of pelleted baits (Layena and corn). Starlicide baitings were fairly selective for starlings, but nontarget hazards were encountered. Starlings showed no significant preference for either type of pelleted bait, but nontargets preferred corn over Layena pellets. Methods are suggested to minimize nontarget hazards …
Socioeconomic And Ecological Aspects Of Field Rat Control In Tropical And Subtropical Countries, Hans Kurylas
Socioeconomic And Ecological Aspects Of Field Rat Control In Tropical And Subtropical Countries, Hans Kurylas
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
The vital question, as to the cause of the permanent increase in field rat populations throughout most tropical and subtropical areas, has been the subject of researchers and fieldmen during the past years, in the hope of finding an answer to this problem. Man has made his way through history wherein he was gradually able to renounce nature and establish his own man-made cultural frame. Unlike other mammals, man has no natural instincts to guide him through life. Brain and spirit have to compensate for lack of physical capabilities and instincts. Man was forced to change his natural surroundings in …
Avitrol-Treated Bait For Protection Of Grapes From House Finch Damage, Lee R. Martin, William T. Jarvis
Avitrol-Treated Bait For Protection Of Grapes From House Finch Damage, Lee R. Martin, William T. Jarvis
Proceedings of the 9th Vertebrate Pest Conference (1980)
Damage to grapes by house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) is widespread and well documented in California. DeHaven (1974) estimated that damage in nine counties exceeded 0.75 million dollars while Clark (1976) indicates a probable loss of 3.7 million dollars throughout the entire state. Crase et al. (1976) indicated that house finches undoubtedly are the principal depredating species. Various protection measures are described by Piper & Neff (1937), Boudreau (1972), and Clark (1975, 1976). Current protection programs are explained by Crabb and Martin (1977).