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- Air pollutants (49)
- Stack emissions (37)
- Waste incineration (27)
- Air Quality Impact Assessment (23)
- Emission factors (22)
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- Atmospheric dispersion modeling (21)
- Air Emissions from Waste Incineration (19)
- Air pollution (18)
- Assessment of Air Pollution Control Systems (16)
- Impact assessment (16)
- Metallurgical industry (14)
- Thermal Waste Treatment Technologies (14)
- Air Emissions from Carbon and Graphite Industry (12)
- Air pollution control devices (12)
- Carbon and graphite industry (12)
- Air Emissions from Metallurgical Industry (11)
- Flue gas cleaning (10)
- Flue gas constituents (10)
- Environmental Policy and Management (9)
- Hazardous waste (9)
- Polish steelworks (9)
- Rotary kiln (9)
- Full-scale incinerator (8)
- Air Emissions from Waste Co-combustion (7)
- Carbon and graphite products (7)
- Cement kiln (7)
- Iron and steel industry (7)
- Municipal solid waste (7)
- Waste co-combustion (7)
- Air quality management (6)
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 30 of 99
Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Assessing Public Health Burden Associated With Exposure To Ambient Black Carbon In The United States, Ying Li, Daven K. Henze, Darby Jack, Barron H. Henderson, Patrick L. Kinney
Assessing Public Health Burden Associated With Exposure To Ambient Black Carbon In The United States, Ying Li, Daven K. Henze, Darby Jack, Barron H. Henderson, Patrick L. Kinney
Ying Li
Black carbon (BC) is a significant component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution, which has been linked to a series of adverse health effects, in particular premature mortality. Recent scientific research indicates that BC also plays an important role in climate change. Therefore, controlling black carbon emissions provides an opportunity for a double dividend. This study quantifies the national burden of mortality and morbidity attributable to exposure to ambient BC in the United States (US). We use GEOS–Chem, a global 3-D model of atmospheric composition to estimate the 2010 annual average BC levels at 0.5 x 0.667° resolution, and …
Impact Of The Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant In Warsaw On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz
Impact Of The Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant In Warsaw On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
The only Polish municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator has been operating within the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Plant in Warsaw since 2000. In the paper selected results of the air quality impact assessment for this incinerator during an operating period of one year (2008) are presented. With respect to the incinerated waste amounts and emission levels, the analysed period can be considered typical for this facility. Assessment of the air quality impact was carried out by assessing air pollutant emissions in reference to the applicable emission limit values and by modeling atmospheric dispersion of these pollutants. It has been found …
Ocena Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza Procesu Przygotowania Obszaru Wiertni Przy Poszukiwaniach Gazu Z Łupków, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Monika Janicka
Ocena Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza Procesu Przygotowania Obszaru Wiertni Przy Poszukiwaniach Gazu Z Łupków, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Monika Janicka
Robert Oleniacz
This chapter presents the model calculation results of the level of concentration of air pollutants emitted during works related to the preparation of the drilling pad for the shale gas exploration. The most significant emission sources located in the drilling pad, including rig access roads, paved and unpaved, were analyzed. The emission field was defined by the parameterization of various sources/processes, taking into account the technical, technological, organizational and environmental conditions. The calculations of the pollutants dispersion in the air were carried out using the Gaussian reference model. The results of numerical calculations showed that the only substance likely to …
Ocena Efektów Termomodernizacji Budynków Jednorodzinnych. 2. Ograniczenie Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza Atmosferycznego, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk, Mateusz Rzeszutek
Ocena Efektów Termomodernizacji Budynków Jednorodzinnych. 2. Ograniczenie Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza Atmosferycznego, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk, Mateusz Rzeszutek
Robert Oleniacz
The article assesses to what extent reduced the impact on air quality of a complex of detached coal-fired houses as a result of some thermal renovation works which lowered the fuel consumption and reduced emissions of pollutants into the air. The assessment was done on the basis of results of dispersion modelling for selected substances (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, B(a)P and PCDD/F) in the ambient air with the use of CALMET/CALPUFF models. The calculation process encompassed preparation of the data on spatial features of the area, making a three-dimensional grid of meteorological data, definition of geometrical parameters of substitute emitters …
Emisja Dioksyn I Furanów Z Procesu Współspalania Paliw Alternatywnych W Piecach Cementowych, Magdalena Kasietczuk, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur
Emisja Dioksyn I Furanów Z Procesu Współspalania Paliw Alternatywnych W Piecach Cementowych, Magdalena Kasietczuk, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur
Robert Oleniacz
The chapter discusses the problem of air emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) from the process of cement clinker production. In the analyzed cement kilns significant amount of fossil fuels is replaced with alternative fuels, mainly waste-derived fuels. Thus, particular attention has been paid to the potential impact on the level of the emissions such factors as type and quantity of used wastes and their ways of introducing into the kiln during co-combustion. The analysis include the results of measurements of PCDD/PCDF concentrations in the flue gases of selected cement kilns and differences in used raw materials, methods of …
Niekontrolowane Spalanie Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych Na Terenach Wiejskich – Przykład Inwentaryzacji Źródeł Emisji I Oceny Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik, Marcelina Spiszak
Niekontrolowane Spalanie Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych Na Terenach Wiejskich – Przykład Inwentaryzacji Źródeł Emisji I Oceny Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik, Marcelina Spiszak
Robert Oleniacz
The most troublesome air pollutant emissions that occur in rural areas are associated with the operation of domestic furnaces (mainly during the heating season) and the processes of open burning of plant residues (mainly outside the heating season). The paper presents an example of emission inventory for this type of sources in two submontane villages of Małopolska Voivodeship (Poland) based on the results of the questionnaire survey and an attempt to assess the impact on air quality of these sources, including the potential uncontrolled burning of waste.The conducted questionnaire survey showed the use to home heating mainly solid fuels (first …
Assessment Of The Impact Of Municipal Waste Incineration Plants On Air Quality And The Possibilities Of Its Reduction, Robert Oleniacz
Assessment Of The Impact Of Municipal Waste Incineration Plants On Air Quality And The Possibilities Of Its Reduction, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
The planned construction of new municipal waste incineration plants over the next few years in Poland results in protests of local communities, which arise mainly from fear of an increase in the air pollution in its vicinity. These protests extend the investment process and hinder the selection of incineration plant location, but on the other hand they necessitate the use of more efficient solutions to reduce their impact on the air quality.This paper characterizes the world's most widely used technology for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and assesses the possible maximum impact on the air quality of an exemplary MSWI …
Wykorzystanie Atmosferycznego Modelu Dyspersji Calpuff Do Oceny Oddziaływania Na Jakość Powietrza Planowanego Zakładu Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Komunalnych W Krakowie, Mateusz Rzeszutek, Robert Oleniacz
Wykorzystanie Atmosferycznego Modelu Dyspersji Calpuff Do Oceny Oddziaływania Na Jakość Powietrza Planowanego Zakładu Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów Komunalnych W Krakowie, Mateusz Rzeszutek, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the planned Municipal Waste Thermal Treatment Plant in Krakow on air pollution. Air quality impact assessment was based on the current state of the legal formalities (including emission limit values for waste incineration plants) and the results of the air pollutant atmospheric dispersion modeling for one month period. In this study to calculate of air pollutant dispersion was used model system CALMET/CALPUFF. Using the CALMET model variables in time and space weather condition were calculated. CALPUFF model were performed to computing of propagation of air pollution. Analysis of the …
Installation And Evaluation Of Permeable Pavement At Walden Pond State Reservation, Irvine W. Wei
Installation And Evaluation Of Permeable Pavement At Walden Pond State Reservation, Irvine W. Wei
Irvine W. Wei
Permeable pavements have been proposed for use in controlling surface runoff. A test installation was constructed at the Walden Pond State Reservation in Concord, Massachusetts to determine the feasibility of using permeable pavements in the New England environment. A brief history of the development and use of permeable pavements is provided. Background information, design methodology, and construction techniques are described for the data collection system and the parking area itself. All the following data are presented and discussed: mix gradation; pavement density; pavement, ground, and air temperatures; flow through permeable pavements; water quantity; water quality; and structural stability. This report …
Identifying The Retention Mechanisms Of (Bio)Colloids In Single, Saturated, Variable-Aperture Fractures, Sandrina Rodrigues
Identifying The Retention Mechanisms Of (Bio)Colloids In Single, Saturated, Variable-Aperture Fractures, Sandrina Rodrigues
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Exploring The Effects Of Aperture Size, Aperture Variability And Matrix Properties On Biocolloid Retention In A Single, Saturated Fracture, Margaret Burke
Exploring The Effects Of Aperture Size, Aperture Variability And Matrix Properties On Biocolloid Retention In A Single, Saturated Fracture, Margaret Burke
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Co-Incineration Of Large Quantities Of Alternative Fuels In A Cement Kiln – The Problem Of Air Pollutant Emissions, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk
Co-Incineration Of Large Quantities Of Alternative Fuels In A Cement Kiln – The Problem Of Air Pollutant Emissions, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk
Robert Oleniacz
Over the last few years, a significant increase in the use of alternative fuels in the Polish cement industry has been observed. These are mainly waste and waste-derived fuels. The national leader in this field is Chełm cement plant (Poland), with the share of alternative fuels in the cement kiln heat balance reaching in 2012 the level of 78.5%. In this paper, an analysis of the emission rate of air pollutants from cement clinkering process in the above-mentioned cement plant in the years 1998–2012 was carried out, using the results of continuous and periodic measurements. The compliance with the emission …
Air Pollution Emissions During Baking Of Semi-Finished Graphite Products In A Tunnel Furnace, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur
Air Pollution Emissions During Baking Of Semi-Finished Graphite Products In A Tunnel Furnace, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur
Robert Oleniacz
The baking of semi-finished graphite products in a tunnel furnace is the source of many air pollutants present in both the gaseous and solid phases. The goal of this study was to assess emission rates into the air of the substances such as: CO, NOx, SO2, H2S, CH4, aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C6, benzene and its homologues (BTEX), total dust and tar substances, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in the dust. The research showed a small time-dependence of the emission rates for the majority of the substances analysed, which is, to a large extent, a result of the long …
The Influence Of Hydrodynamic Forces On The Transport And Retention Of Colloids In Single Saturated Dolomitic Limestone Fractures, Mike Schutten
The Influence Of Hydrodynamic Forces On The Transport And Retention Of Colloids In Single Saturated Dolomitic Limestone Fractures, Mike Schutten
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Ocena Efektów Modernizacji Systemu Oczyszczania I Ewakuacji Spalin Na Wybranych Przykładach, Robert Oleniacz, Marcelina Groborz, Michał Ożóg
Ocena Efektów Modernizacji Systemu Oczyszczania I Ewakuacji Spalin Na Wybranych Przykładach, Robert Oleniacz, Marcelina Groborz, Michał Ożóg
Robert Oleniacz
The paper presents an assessment of changes in air emissions and impacts on air quality resulting from the modernization of flue gas cleaning and evacuation in two Polish coal-fired power plants. These modernizations were associated with the construction of flue gas desulphurisation systems and use for discharging desulphurized gases separate stacks with a height of 120 m. On the basis of analyzes and atmospheric dispersion modeling, it was found that the changes in the effective height of emitters (the apparent point of emission), due to additional reducing of flue gas volume in existing chimneys, caused that important ecological effects of …
Wpływ Procesu Współspalania Odpadów W Piecu Cementowym Na Jakość Powietrza / Impact Of Waste Co-Incineration Process In A Cement Kiln On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk
Wpływ Procesu Współspalania Odpadów W Piecu Cementowym Na Jakość Powietrza / Impact Of Waste Co-Incineration Process In A Cement Kiln On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz, Magdalena Kasietczuk
Robert Oleniacz
The work presents the general requirements for the control of emissions to air from waste co-combustion (co-incineration) plants, with particular emphasis on rotary kilns used for clinker production. Air emissions from the cement kiln during co-combustion of alternative fuels and the impact assessment on air quality are also presented. The object of the study was one of the Polish cement plant, which uses significant amounts of solid waste derived fuels (with over 70% share in the cement kiln heat balance). Assessment of the impact on air quality was made based on the results of the modeling of atmospheric dispersion of …
High Speed Flight At Low Altitude: Hazard To Commercial Aviation ?, Paul F. Eschenfelder , Capt.
High Speed Flight At Low Altitude: Hazard To Commercial Aviation ?, Paul F. Eschenfelder , Capt.
Paul F. Eschenfelder
Commercial aircraft are capable of, and in fact, do, operate at high speed (>250 knots indicated airspeed [KIAS]) at low altitude (below 10,000’ above ground level) worldwide. Design, construction and certification standards for these aircraft were developed over 40 years ago. Since the development of these standards populations of large flocking birds have increased dramatically in many parts of the world. Yet neither design/construction standards nor operational practice have changed to reflect the new threat. Subsequent serious damage resulting from recent collisions indicates change is necessary. Since 2003, flight rules in Canada and the United States have been amended, …
Integrating Avian Radar Into The Aviation Operating Environment, Richard Sowden, Paul Eschenfelder
Integrating Avian Radar Into The Aviation Operating Environment, Richard Sowden, Paul Eschenfelder
Paul F. Eschenfelder
Avian radar technology has matured to the point where robust data and analysis tools are now able to provide the aviation industry with high quality information to support bird strike risk mitigation activities. The aviation operating environment is dynamic and challenging with complex interactions between the primary bird strike risk mitigation stakeholders; airport operators, air traffic service providers and flight crews. The transfer of this proof of concept technology into a suite of tools that is integrated into the aviation industry requires the engagement and support of the user community in the next critical evolutionary step of this emerging technology. …
Problem Niekontrolowanego Spalania Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych W Obszarze Wiejskim Na Wybranym Przykładzie, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik
Problem Niekontrolowanego Spalania Odpadów I Pozostałości Roślinnych W Obszarze Wiejskim Na Wybranym Przykładzie, Robert Oleniacz, Barbara Bacik
Robert Oleniacz
This paper presents the results of surveys on the problem of uncontrolled burning of waste in domestic stoves and boilers for central heating and open burning of plant residues in rural areas. The questionnaires were conducted among the inhabitants of one of Polish village (Łąkta Dolna), located in the Malopolska province, in the submontane area. The study comprised 80.2% of all households. As is clear from conducted surveys waste were burned in more than 80% of surveyed houses and more than half of respondents admitted to the open burning of plant residues. The percentage of people burning waste and plant …
Wpływ Zakładu Unieszkodliwiania Stałych Odpadów Komunalnych W Warszawie Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Jadwiga Antolak
Wpływ Zakładu Unieszkodliwiania Stałych Odpadów Komunalnych W Warszawie Na Jakość Powietrza, Robert Oleniacz, Jadwiga Antolak
Robert Oleniacz
The paper presents the results of air quality impact assessment carried out for the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Plant in Warsaw. As part of the plant is working so far the only municipal solid waste incinerator in Poland. Following the evaluation, including data for the year 2008, it was found that it is a minor source of emissions to air and causes a slight air pollution. The highest maximum one-hour and annual average concentrations caused at ground level are many times lower than the respective reference (or permissible) values and background values for analyzed substances in the air. Increasing the …
Współspalanie Odpadów W Suchym Piecu Cementowym A Emisja Dwutlenku Siarki I Chlorowodoru, Robert Oleniacz
Współspalanie Odpadów W Suchym Piecu Cementowym A Emisja Dwutlenku Siarki I Chlorowodoru, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
The paper presents an assessment of the impact of waste co-combustion in a cement kiln on air emissions of HCl and SO2 recorded continuously. The subject of the research was cement kiln (dry method) with a capacity of 8500 Mg/day, equipped with a four cyclone heat exchangers and a calciner with an additional chamber for co-incineration. In the analysed period alternative fuels (mainly waste) were used in various amounts ranging up to about 35 kg / Mg clinker (with the heat substitution up to 20%) in the kiln and calciner. Chlorine and sulfur inputs to the process were up to …
A Comparison Of Biocolloid And Colloid Transport In Single Saturated Rock Fractures, Junlei Qu
A Comparison Of Biocolloid And Colloid Transport In Single Saturated Rock Fractures, Junlei Qu
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Pyłowo-Gazowych Z Procesu Wypalania Półproduktów Grafitowych W Piecu Tunelowym, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Przemysław Szczygłowski
Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Pyłowo-Gazowych Z Procesu Wypalania Półproduktów Grafitowych W Piecu Tunelowym, Marek Bogacki, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Przemysław Szczygłowski
Robert Oleniacz
The baking of semi-finished graphite products in a tunnel furnace is the source of many air pollutants present in both the gaseous and solid phases. The goal of this study was to assess emission rates into the air of the substances such as: CO, NOx, SO2, H2S, CH4, aliphatic hydrocarbons up to C6, benzene and its homologues (BTEX), total dust and tar substances, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in the dust. The research showed a small time-dependence of the emission rates for the majority of the substances analysed, which is, to a large extent, a result of the long …
Removal Of Perchlorate (Clo4-) From Water Using Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge (Paed), Sarah E. Dickson
Removal Of Perchlorate (Clo4-) From Water Using Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge (Paed), Sarah E. Dickson
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Impact Of A Large Medical Waste Incinerator On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz
Impact Of A Large Medical Waste Incinerator On Air Quality, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
In the paper, an assessment of the compliance with air emission limit values and the impact on air quality of one of the largest medical waste incinerators in Poland, with a total capacity of about 300 kg/h (two incineration lines) is presented. The assessment took the results of continuous and periodic measurements of emissions in the plant’s installation over a period of 12 months’ operation into account. For this period, a calculation was performed for the spread of air pollutants emitted by the two operating incineration lines. According to the analysis and calculations, the analysed medical waste incineration plant does …
Effect Of Spontaneous Gas Expansion And Mobilization On The Aqueous-Phase Concentrations Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool., Kevin G. Mumford, James Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
Effect Of Spontaneous Gas Expansion And Mobilization On The Aqueous-Phase Concentrations Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool., Kevin G. Mumford, James Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
Sarah E Dickson
This paper presents a framework to quantify the overall variability of the model estimations of Total Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Total PCBs) concentrations in the Niagara River on the basis of the uncertainty of few model parameters and the natural variability embedded in some of the model input variables. The results of the uncertainty analysis are used to understand the importance of stochastic model components and their effect on the overall reliability of the model output and to evaluate multiple sources of uncertainty that might need to be further studied. The uncertainty analysis is performed using a newly developed point estimate method, …
New Observations Of Gas-Phase Expansion Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool, Kevin G. Mumford, James E. Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
New Observations Of Gas-Phase Expansion Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool, Kevin G. Mumford, James E. Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
Sarah E Dickson
The partitioning of volatile dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase results in the repeated expansion, fragmentation, and vertical mobilization of gas clusters. This process has the potential to significantly affect the dissolution of DNAPL source zones and the characterization of DNAPL-contaminated sites, but has not been included in common conceptual models. This study presents new observations of discontinuous gas-phase growth above a 1,1,1-trichloroethane pool in a two-dimensional flow cell packed with 1.1-mm diameter sand. In contrast to the behavior observed in coarse glass beads, these visualization results show that the gas phase evolves as a …
Influence Of Aperture Field Heterogeneity And Anisotropy On Dispersion Regimes And Dispersivity In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo
Influence Of Aperture Field Heterogeneity And Anisotropy On Dispersion Regimes And Dispersivity In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo
Sarah E Dickson
A 33 factorial experimental design was implemented to numerically investigate the interactive effect of the mean (μ b ), standard deviation (σ b ), and anisotropic ratio (AR) (λ b x /λ b y ) of single-fracture apertures on dispersion regimes (specifically Taylor dispersion and geometric dispersion) and dispersivity. The Reynolds equation was solved to obtain the flow fields in each computer-generated fracture, and the random walk particle tracking method was used to simulate solute transport. The simulation results show that (1) for a fixed hydraulic gradient, the dominant dispersion regime is controlled by μ b , and to a …
Differential Transport And Dispersion Of Colloids Relative To Solutes In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo
Differential Transport And Dispersion Of Colloids Relative To Solutes In Single Fractures, Qinghuai Zheng, Sarah E. Dickson, Yiping Guo
Sarah E Dickson
This work employed numerical experiments simulating colloid and solute transport in single parallelplate fractures, using the random walk particle tracking method, to demonstrate that (1) there exists an aspect ratio of the colloid radius to half the fracture aperture, do, where the average velocities of colloids and solutes are similar. When d > do, the velocity distribution assumption is satisfied, and the fact that the ratio of the colloid transport velocity to the solute transport velocity, sp, decreases as d increases is well documented in the literature. However, when d < do, the velocity distribution assumption is violated, and sp increases as d increases and (2) the Taylor dispersion coefficient and its extension by James and Chrysikopoulos [S.C. James, C. V. Chrysikopoulos, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 263 (2003) 288] will overestimate the colloid dispersion coefficient significantly. Additionally, numerical experiments simulating colloid and solute transport in variable-aperture fractures demonstrated that sp and DL,coll /DL,solute decrease with increasing CoV, and the anisotropy ratio only plays a minor role compared to the CoV. These observations have important implications towards the interpretation of colloid transport in both porous and fractured media.
Suchy System Oczyszczania Spalin Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych – Ocena Skuteczności Usuwania Substancji Gazowych I Możliwości Spełniania Standardów Emisyjnych, Robert Oleniacz
Robert Oleniacz
The research object was a medical waste incineration plant with a flue-gas treatment system based on dry sorption agent injection to combustion gases before a high-efficiency particulate collector. A combustion system was consisted with the fluidized bed reactor (starved air gasifier) and the secondary combustion chamber. As the dry absorbent was used a mixture of high reactive hydrated lime and activated carbon. Activated carbon content in the mixture was 5-10 % by mass. The absorbent was injected in the minimal recommended amount (4-5 kg/h). Applied collector was a ceramic filter with total filtration area of 120 m2 and guaranteed outlet …