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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2016

University of South Carolina

Series

Articles 1 - 15 of 15

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Inflammatory Properties Of Diet And Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis In A Cohort Of Iranian Adults, Nazanin Moslehi, Behnaz Ehsani, Parvin Mirmiran, Nitin Shivappa, Maryam Tohidi, James R. Hébert, Fereidoun Azizi Nov 2016

Inflammatory Properties Of Diet And Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis In A Cohort Of Iranian Adults, Nazanin Moslehi, Behnaz Ehsani, Parvin Mirmiran, Nitin Shivappa, Maryam Tohidi, James R. Hébert, Fereidoun Azizi

Faculty Publications

We aimed to investigate associations of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with glucose-insulin homeostasis markers, and the risk of glucose intolerance. This cross-sectional study included 2975 adults from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2h-PG), and fasting serum insulin were measured. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Glucose tolerance abnormalities included impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DII scores were positively associated with 2h-PG (β = 0.04; p = 0.05). …

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Sources, Distributions, And Dynamics Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Canada And Makarov Basins, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner, Lisa Robbins, Jonathan Wynn Oct 2016

Sources, Distributions, And Dynamics Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Canada And Makarov Basins, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner, Lisa Robbins, Jonathan Wynn

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive survey of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was conducted in the Canada and Makarov Basins and adjacent seas during 2010–2012 to investigate the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Sources and distributions of DOM in polar surface waters were very heterogeneous and closely linked to hydrological conditions. Canada Basin surface waters had relatively low DOC concentrations (69 ± 6 μmol L−1), CDOM absorption (a325: 0.32 ± 0.07 m−1) and CDOM-derived lignin phenols (3 ± 0.4 nmol L−1), and high spectral slope values (S275–295: 31.7 ± …

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Sources, Distributions And Dynamics Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Canada And Makarov Basins, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner, Lisa L. Robbins, Jonathan G. Wynn Oct 2016

Sources, Distributions And Dynamics Of Dissolved Organic Matter In The Canada And Makarov Basins, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner, Lisa L. Robbins, Jonathan G. Wynn

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive survey of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was conducted in the Canada and Makarov Basins and adjacent seas during 2010–2012 to investigate the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Sources and distributions of DOM in polar surface waters were very heterogeneous and closely linked to hydrological conditions. Canada Basin surface waters had relatively low DOC concentrations (69 ± 6 μmol L−1), CDOM absorption (a325: 0.32 ± 0.07 m−1) and CDOM-derived lignin phenols (3 ± 0.4 nmol L−1), and high spectral slope values (S275–295: 31.7 ± …

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Investigation Of Shadowing Effects In Typical Propagation Scenarios For High Speed Railway At 2350 Mhz, Liu Liu, Cheng Tao, David W. Matolak, Tao Zhou, Houjin Chen Sep 2016

Investigation Of Shadowing Effects In Typical Propagation Scenarios For High Speed Railway At 2350 Mhz, Liu Liu, Cheng Tao, David W. Matolak, Tao Zhou, Houjin Chen

Faculty Publications

Based on realistic measurements in China, shadowing characteristics at the frequency of 2350 MHz were investigated in typical High-Speed Railway environments. After confirming that the measured shadowing satisfies wide-sense stationarity (assessed via the reverse arrangement test method), we quantify the shadowing correlation. Three types of correlation models are compared for the shadowing characterization, and the Normalized Mean Square Error is used to determine the best matching model: a single decaying exponential function. Decorrelation distances were found to be 11.9 m, 17.7 m, and 8.3 m in our three HSR scenarios, respectively. The results should be useful for the evaluation and …

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No Contact Terms For The Magnetic Field In Lorentz- And Cpt-Violating Electrodynamics, Karl Schober, Brett David Altschul Sep 2016

No Contact Terms For The Magnetic Field In Lorentz- And Cpt-Violating Electrodynamics, Karl Schober, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

In a Lorentz- and CPT-violating modification of electrodynamics, the fields of a moving charge are known to have unusual singularities. This raises the question of whether the singular behavior may include δ-function contact terms, similar to those that appear in the fields of idealized dipoles. However, by calculating the magnetic field of an infinite straight wire in this theory, we demonstrate that there are no such contact terms in the magnetic field of a moving point charge.

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No Contact Terms For The Magnetic Field In Lorentz- And Cpt-Violating Electrodynamics, Karl Schober, Brett Altschul Sep 2016

No Contact Terms For The Magnetic Field In Lorentz- And Cpt-Violating Electrodynamics, Karl Schober, Brett Altschul

Faculty Publications

In a Lorentz- and CPT-violating modification of electrodynamics, the fields of a moving charge are known to have unusual singularities. This raises the question of whether the singular behavior may include δ-function contact terms, similar to those that appear in the fields of idealized dipoles. However, by calculating the magnetic field of an infinite straight wire in this theory, we demonstrate that there are no such contact terms in the magnetic field of a moving point charge.

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Calcification Of The Planktonic Foraminiferaglobigerinabulloidesand Carbonate Ion Concentration Resultsfrom The Santa Barbara Basin, Emily B. Osborne, Robert C. Thunell, Brittney J. Marshall, Jessica A. Holm, Eric J. Tappa, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Wei‐Jun Cai, Baoshan Chen Aug 2016

Calcification Of The Planktonic Foraminiferaglobigerinabulloidesand Carbonate Ion Concentration Resultsfrom The Santa Barbara Basin, Emily B. Osborne, Robert C. Thunell, Brittney J. Marshall, Jessica A. Holm, Eric J. Tappa, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Wei‐Jun Cai, Baoshan Chen

Faculty Publications

Planktonic foraminiferal calcification intensity, reflected by shell wall thickness, has been hypothesized to covary with the carbonate chemistry of seawater. Here we use both sediment trap and box core samples from the Santa Barbara Basin to evaluate the relationship between the calcification intensity of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides, measured by area density (µg/µm2), and the carbonate ion concentration of seawater ([CO32−]). We also evaluate the influence of both temperature and nutrient concentration ([PO43−]) on foraminiferal calcification and growth. The presence of two G. bulloides morphospecies with systematically different calcification properties and offset stable isotopic compositions was identified within …

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Fulleretic Well-Defined Scaffolds: Donor–Fullerene Alignment Through Metal Coordination And Its Effect On Photophysics, Derek E. Williams, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Danielle C. Godfrey, Evgeniya D. Ermolaeva, Perry J. Pellechia Dr., Andrew B. Greytak Prof. Dr., Mark Smith Dr., Stanislav M. Avdoshenko, Dr., Alexey A. Popov Dr., Natalia B. Shustova Prof. Dr. Jul 2016

Fulleretic Well-Defined Scaffolds: Donor–Fullerene Alignment Through Metal Coordination And Its Effect On Photophysics, Derek E. Williams, Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova, Danielle C. Godfrey, Evgeniya D. Ermolaeva, Perry J. Pellechia Dr., Andrew B. Greytak Prof. Dr., Mark Smith Dr., Stanislav M. Avdoshenko, Dr., Alexey A. Popov Dr., Natalia B. Shustova Prof. Dr.

Faculty Publications

Herein, we report the first example of a crystalline metal–donor–fullerene framework, in which control of the donor–fullerene mutual orientation was achieved through chemical bond formation, in particular, by metal coordination. The 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were performed for comprehensive structural analysis and energy-transfer (ET) studies of the fulleretic donor–acceptor scaffold. Furthermore, in combination with photoluminescence measurements, the theoretical calculations of the spectral overlap function, Förster radius, excitation energies, and band structure were employed to elucidate the photophysical and ET processes in the prepared fulleretic material. We envision that the well-defined fulleretic donor–acceptor …

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Hydrodynamic Theories For Flows Of Active Liquid Crystals And The Generalized Onsager Principle, Xiaogang Yang, Jun Li, M. Gregory Forest, Qi Wang May 2016

Hydrodynamic Theories For Flows Of Active Liquid Crystals And The Generalized Onsager Principle, Xiaogang Yang, Jun Li, M. Gregory Forest, Qi Wang

Faculty Publications

We articulate and apply the generalized Onsager principle to derive transport equations for active liquid crystals in a fixed domain as well as in a free surface domain adjacent to a passive fluid matrix. The Onsager principle ensures fundamental variational structure of the models as well as dissipative properties of the passive component in the models, irrespective of the choice of scale (kinetic to continuum) and of the physical potentials. Many popular models for passive and active liquid crystals in a fixed domain subject to consistent boundary conditions at solid walls, as well as active liquid crystals in a free …

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Biological Hot Spots And The Accumulation Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter In A Highly Productive Ocean Margin, Yuan Shen, Cédric G. Fichot, Sheng-Kang Liang, Ronald Benner May 2016

Biological Hot Spots And The Accumulation Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter In A Highly Productive Ocean Margin, Yuan Shen, Cédric G. Fichot, Sheng-Kang Liang, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and major biochemicals (amino acids and carbohydrates) were measured during five cruises (2009–2010) to the Louisiana margin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Concentrations of amino acids and carbohydrates were elevated at mid-salinities and were indicative of plankton production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters. Hot spots of two compositionally distinct types of labile DOM were identified based on the relative abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates. Amino acid-rich hot spots occurred sporadically in regions of high phytoplankton biomass and were mostly observed between dusk and dawn, reflecting a grazing source. In …

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Nuclear Effects In The Deuteron And Global Pdf Fits, S. I. Alekhin, S. A. Kulagin, Roberto Petti Apr 2016

Nuclear Effects In The Deuteron And Global Pdf Fits, S. I. Alekhin, S. A. Kulagin, Roberto Petti

Faculty Publications

We present a detailed study of nuclear corrections in the deuteron (D) from an analysis of data from charged-lepton deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off proton and D, as well as from dimuon pair production in pp and pD collisions and W± and the Z boson production at pp (p¯p) colliders. In particular, we discuss the determination of the off-shell function describing the modification of parton distributions (PDF) in bound nucleons in the context of global PDF fits. Our results are consistent with the ones obtained earlier from the study of the ratios of DIS structure functions A 2 / F …

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The Removal Kinetics Of Dissolved Organic Matter And The Optical Clarity Of Groundwater, Francis H. Chapelle, Yuan Shen, Eric W. Strom, Ronald Benner Apr 2016

The Removal Kinetics Of Dissolved Organic Matter And The Optical Clarity Of Groundwater, Francis H. Chapelle, Yuan Shen, Eric W. Strom, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ultraviolet/visible light absorbance decrease systematically as groundwater moves through the unsaturated zones overlying aquifers and along flowpaths within aquifers. These changes occur over distances of tens of meters (m) implying rapid removal kinetics of the chromophoric DOM that imparts color to groundwater. A one-compartment input-output model was used to derive a differential equation describing the removal of DOM from the dissolved phase due to the combined effects of biodegradation and sorption. The general solution to the equation was parameterized using a 2-year record of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration changes in groundwater at …

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Nucleon Pdf Separation With The Collider And Fixed-Target Data, Sergey Alekhin, Johannes Blümlein, Kristin Lohwasser, Lea Michaela Caminada, Katerina Lipka, Ringaile Plačakytė, Sven-Olaf Moch, Roberto Petti Apr 2016

Nucleon Pdf Separation With The Collider And Fixed-Target Data, Sergey Alekhin, Johannes Blümlein, Kristin Lohwasser, Lea Michaela Caminada, Katerina Lipka, Ringaile Plačakytė, Sven-Olaf Moch, Roberto Petti

Faculty Publications

We consider the impact of the recent data obtained by the LHC, Tevatron, and fixed-target experiments on the nucleon quark distributions with a particular focus on disentangling different quark species. An improved determination of the poorly known strange sea distribution is obtained due to including data from the neutrino-induced deep-inelastic scattering experiments NOMAD and CHORUS. The impact of the associated (W + c) production data by CMS and ATLAS on the strange sea determination is also studied and a comparison with earlier results based on the collider data is discussed. Finally, the recent LHC and Tevatron data on …

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Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, David A. Siegel, Ken O. Buesseler, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Emmanuel Boss, Mark A. Brzezinski, Adrian Burd, Craig A. Carlson, Eric A. D'Asaro, Scott C. Doney, Mary J. Perry, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Deborah K. Steinberg Mar 2016

Prediction Of The Export And Fate Of Global Ocean Net Primary Production: The Exports Science Plan, David A. Siegel, Ken O. Buesseler, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Emmanuel Boss, Mark A. Brzezinski, Adrian Burd, Craig A. Carlson, Eric A. D'Asaro, Scott C. Doney, Mary J. Perry, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Deborah K. Steinberg

Faculty Publications

Ocean ecosystems play a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle and the quantification of their impacts for both present conditions and for predictions into the future remains one of the greatest challenges in oceanography. The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) Science Plan is to develop a predictive understanding of the export and fate of global ocean net primary production (NPP) and its implications for present and future climates. The achievement of this goal requires a quantification of the mechanisms that control the export of carbon from the euphotic zone as well as …

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Predicting Dissolved Lignin Phenol Concentrations In The Coastal Ocean From Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (Cdom) Absorption Coefficients, Cédric G. Fichot, Ronald Benner, Karl Kaiser, Yuan Shen, Rainer M. W. Amon, Hiroshi Ogawa, Chua-Jung Lu Feb 2016

Predicting Dissolved Lignin Phenol Concentrations In The Coastal Ocean From Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (Cdom) Absorption Coefficients, Cédric G. Fichot, Ronald Benner, Karl Kaiser, Yuan Shen, Rainer M. W. Amon, Hiroshi Ogawa, Chua-Jung Lu

Faculty Publications

Dissolved lignin is a well-established biomarker of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean, and a chromophoric component of DOM. Although evidence suggests there is a strong linkage between lignin concentrations and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficients in coastal waters, the characteristics of this linkage and the existence of a relationship that is applicable across coastal oceans remain unclear. Here, 421 paired measurements of dissolved lignin concentrations (sum of nine lignin phenols) and CDOM absorption coefficients [ag(λ)] were used to examine their relationship along the river-ocean continuum (0–37 salinity) and across contrasting coastal oceans (sub-tropical, temperate, high-latitude). …

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