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2015

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Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Stationary Phase Method For Real Analytic Geometry, Domenico Napoletani, Daniele C. Struppa Dec 2015

The Stationary Phase Method For Real Analytic Geometry, Domenico Napoletani, Daniele C. Struppa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We prove that the existence of isolated solutions of systems of equations of analytical functions on compact real domains in Rp, is equivalent to the convergence of the phase of a suitable complex valued integral I(h) for h→∞. As an application, we then use this result to prove that the problem of establishing the irrationality of the value of an analytic function F(x) at a point x0 can be rephrased in terms of a similar phase convergence.

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Concurrent Kleene Algebra With Tests And Branching Automata, Peter Jipsen, M. Andrew Moshier Dec 2015

Concurrent Kleene Algebra With Tests And Branching Automata, Peter Jipsen, M. Andrew Moshier

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We introduce concurrent Kleene algebra with tests (CKAT) as a combination of Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) of Kozen and Smith with concurrent Kleene algebras (CKA), introduced by Hoare, Möller, Struth and Wehrman. CKAT provides a relatively simple algebraic model for reasoning about semantics of concurrent programs. We generalize guarded strings to guarded series-parallel strings , or gsp-strings, to give a concrete language model for CKAT. Combining nondeterministic guarded automata of Kozen with branching automata of Lodaya and Weil one obtains a model for processing gsp-strings in parallel. To ensure that the model satisfies the weak exchange law (x‖y)(z‖w)≤(xz)‖(yw) of …

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Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution With Generalized Two-Mode Schrödinger Cat States, Curtis J. Broadbent, Kevin Marshall, Christian Weedbrook, John C. Howell Nov 2015

Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution With Generalized Two-Mode Schrödinger Cat States, Curtis J. Broadbent, Kevin Marshall, Christian Weedbrook, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We show how weak nonlinearities can be used in a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using generalized two-mode Schrödinger cat states. The QKD protocol is therefore shown to be secure against collective attacks and for some coherent attacks. We derive analytical formulas for the optimal values of the Bell parameter, the quantum bit error rate, and the device-independent secret key rate in the noiseless lossy bosonic channel. Additionally, we give the filters and measurements which achieve these optimal values. We find that, over any distance in this channel, the quantum bit error rate is identically zero, in principle, and …

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Qubit Measurement Error From Coupling With A Detuned Neighbor In Circuit Qed, Mostafa Khezri, Justin Dressel, Alexander N. Korotkov Nov 2015

Qubit Measurement Error From Coupling With A Detuned Neighbor In Circuit Qed, Mostafa Khezri, Justin Dressel, Alexander N. Korotkov

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In modern circuit QED architectures, superconducting transmon qubits are measured via the state-dependent phase and amplitude shift of a microwave field leaking from a coupled resonator. Determining this shift requires integrating the field quadratures for a nonzero duration, which can permit unwanted concurrent evolution. Here we investigate such dynamical degradation of the measurement fidelity caused by a detuned neighboring qubit. We find that in realistic parameter regimes, where the qubit ensemble-dephasing rate is slower than the qubit-qubit detuning, the joint qubit-qubit eigenstates are better discriminated by measurement than the bare states. Furthermore, we show that when the resonator leaks much …

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Generating All Finite Modular Lattices Of A Given Size, Peter Jipsen, Nathan Lawless Nov 2015

Generating All Finite Modular Lattices Of A Given Size, Peter Jipsen, Nathan Lawless

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Modular lattices, introduced by R. Dedekind, are an important subvariety of lattices that includes all distributive lattices. Heitzig and Reinhold [8] developed an algorithm to enumerate, up to isomorphism, all finite lattices up to size 18. Here we adapt and improve this algorithm to construct and count modular lattices up to size 24, semimodular lattices up to size 22, and lattices of size 19. We also show that 2 n−3 is a lower bound for the number of nonisomorphic modular lattices of size n.

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Fast Hadamard Transforms For Compressive Sensing Of Joint Systems: Measurement Of A 3.2 Million-Dimensional Bi-Photon Probability Distribution, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell Oct 2015

Fast Hadamard Transforms For Compressive Sensing Of Joint Systems: Measurement Of A 3.2 Million-Dimensional Bi-Photon Probability Distribution, Daniel J. Lum, Samuel H. Knarr, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We demonstrate how to efficiently implement extremely high-dimensional compressive imaging of a bi-photon probability distribution. Our method uses fast-Hadamard-transform Kronecker-based compressive sensing to acquire the joint space distribution. We list, in detail, the operations necessary to enable fast-transform-based matrix-vector operations in the joint space to reconstruct a 16.8 million-dimensional image in less than 10 minutes. Within a subspace of that image exists a 3.2 million-dimensional bi-photon probability distribution. In addition, we demonstrate how the marginal distributions can aid in the accuracy of joint space distribution reconstructions.

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Experimentally Quantifying The Advantages Of Weak-Value-Based Metrology, Gerardo I. Viza, Julián Martínez-Rincón, Gabriel B. Alves, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell Sep 2015

Experimentally Quantifying The Advantages Of Weak-Value-Based Metrology, Gerardo I. Viza, Julián Martínez-Rincón, Gabriel B. Alves, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We experimentally investigate the relative advantages of implementing weak-value-based metrology versus standard methods. While the techniques outlined herein apply more generally, we measure small optical beam deflections both using a Sagnac interferometer with a monitored dark port (the weak-value-based technique), and by focusing the entire beam to a split detector (the standard technique). By introducing controlled external transverse detector modulations and transverse beam deflection momentum modulations, we quantify the mitigation of these sources in the weak-value-based experiment versus the standard focusing experiment. The experiments are compared using a combination of deterministic and stochastic methods. In all cases, the weak-value technique …

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Device-Independent Relativistic Quantum Bit Commitment, Emily Adlam, Adrian Kent Aug 2015

Device-Independent Relativistic Quantum Bit Commitment, Emily Adlam, Adrian Kent

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We examine the possibility of device-independent relativistic quantum bit commitment, introducing three relativistic quantum bit commitment schemes that offer device-independent security against hypothetical postquantum adversaries subject only to the no-signaling principle. We discuss the potential threat of location attacks, in which the behavior of untrusted devices used in relativistic quantum cryptography depends on their space-time location and show that our protocols are secure against both location attacks and memory attacks. The protocols are compared to a relativistic classical bit commitment scheme with similar features and we note some advantages for the quantum schemes.

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Comment On "Role Of Potentials In The Aharonov-Bohm Effect", Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Daniel Rohrlich Aug 2015

Comment On "Role Of Potentials In The Aharonov-Bohm Effect", Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Daniel Rohrlich

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Are the electromagnetic scalar and vector potentials dispensable? Vaidman [Phys. Rev. A 86, 040101(R) (2012)] has suggested that local interactions of gauge-invariant quantities, e.g., magnetic torques, suffice for the description of all quantum electromagnetic phenomena. We analyze six thought experiments that challenge this suggestion. All of them have explanations in terms of local interactions of gauge-dependent quantities, and, in addition, some have explanations in terms of nonlocal interactions of gauge-invariant quantities. We claim, however, that two of our examples have no gauge-invariant formal description and that, in general, no local description can dispense with electromagnetic potentials.

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Superconducting Antenna Concept For Gravitational Waves, Armen Gulian, J Foreman, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Shmuel Nussinov, Louis Sica, Jeff Tollaksen Jul 2015

Superconducting Antenna Concept For Gravitational Waves, Armen Gulian, J Foreman, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Shmuel Nussinov, Louis Sica, Jeff Tollaksen

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The most advanced contemporary efforts and concepts for registering gravitational waves are focused on measuring tiny deviations in large arm (kilometers in case of LIGO and thousands of kilometers in case of LISA) interferometers via photons. In this report we discuss a concept for the detection of gravitational waves using an antenna comprised of superconducting electrons (Cooper pairs) moving in an ionic lattice. The major challenge in this approach is that the tidal action of the gravitational waves is extremely weak compared with electromagnetic forces. Any motion caused by gravitational waves, which violates charge neutrality, will be impeded by Coulomb …

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Engineering Room-Temperature Superconductors Via Ab-Initio Calculations, Mamikon Gulian, Gurgen Melkonyan, Armen Gulian Jul 2015

Engineering Room-Temperature Superconductors Via Ab-Initio Calculations, Mamikon Gulian, Gurgen Melkonyan, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The BCS, or bosonic model of superconductivity, as Little and Ginzburg have first argued, can bring in superconductivity at room temperatures in the case of high-enough frequency of bosonic mode. It was further elucidated by Kirzhnits et al., that the condition for existence of high-temperature superconductivity is closely related to negative values of the real part of the dielectric function at finite values of the reciprocal lattice vectors. In view of these findings, the task is to calculate the dielectric function for real materials. Then the poles of this function will indicate the existence of bosonic excitations which can …

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On The Relationship Between The North Atlantic Oscillation And Early Warm Season Temperatures In The Southwestern United States, Boksoon Myoung, Seung Hee Kim, Jinwon Kim, Menas Kafatos Jul 2015

On The Relationship Between The North Atlantic Oscillation And Early Warm Season Temperatures In The Southwestern United States, Boksoon Myoung, Seung Hee Kim, Jinwon Kim, Menas Kafatos

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

It is reported herein that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which has been known to directly affect winter weather conditions in western Europe and the eastern United States, is also linked to surface air temperature over the broad southwestern U.S. (SWUS) region, encompassing California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, in the early warm season. The authors have performed monthly time-scale correlations and composite analyses using three different multidecadal temperature datasets. Results from these analyses reveal that NAO-related upstream circulation positively affects not only the means, but also the extremes, of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in the …

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Prospective Solid-State Photonic Cryocooler Based On The “Phonon-Deficit Effect”, Gurgen Melkonyan, Armen Gulian Jul 2015

Prospective Solid-State Photonic Cryocooler Based On The “Phonon-Deficit Effect”, Gurgen Melkonyan, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this design microwave photons are propagating in a sapphire rod, and are being absorbed by a superconductor deposited on the surface of the rod. The frequency of the radiation is tuned to be less than the energy gap in the superconductor, so that the pair breaking is not taking place. This photon pumping redistributes the electron-hole quasiparticles: their distribution function is non-equilibrium, and the “phonon-deficit effect” takes place. There is a dielectric material deposited on top of superconductor, which serves asthe “cold finger” of the cooler. Its “acoustical density” is supposed to be smaller than that of the superconducting …

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Current-Biased Transition-Edge Sensors Based On Re-Entrant Superconductors, Armen Gulian, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Jeff Tollaksen, V. Vardanyan, A. Kuzanyan Jul 2015

Current-Biased Transition-Edge Sensors Based On Re-Entrant Superconductors, Armen Gulian, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Jeff Tollaksen, V. Vardanyan, A. Kuzanyan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Transition-edge sensors are widely recognized as one of the most sensitive tools for the photon and particles detection in many areas, from astrophysics to quantum computing. Their application became practical after understanding that rather than being biased in a constant current mode, they should be biased in a constant voltage mode. Despite the methods of voltage biasing of these sensors are well developed since then, generally the current biasing is more convenient for superconducting circuits. Thus transition-edge sensors designed inherently to operate in the current-biased mode are desirable. We developed a design for such detectors based on re-entrant superconductivity. In …

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Shifting The Quantum-Classical Boundary: Theory And Experiment For Statistically Classical Optical Fields, Xiao-Feng Qian, Bethany Little, John C. Howell, Joseph H. Eberly Jun 2015

Shifting The Quantum-Classical Boundary: Theory And Experiment For Statistically Classical Optical Fields, Xiao-Feng Qian, Bethany Little, John C. Howell, Joseph H. Eberly

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The growing recognition that entanglement is not exclusively a quantum property, and does not even originate with Schrödinger’s famous remark about it [Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 31, 555 (1935)], prompts the examination of its role in marking the quantum-classical boundary. We have done this by subjecting correlations of classical optical fields to new Bell-analysis experiments and report here values of the Bell parameter greater than ℬ=2.54. This is many standard deviations outside the limit ℬ=2 established by the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt Bell inequality [Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969)], in agreement with our theoretical classical prediction, and not far from the Tsirelson …

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How To Measure Magnetic Flux With A Single Position Measurement?, Eliahu Cohen, Lev Vaidman, Yakir Aharonov Jun 2015

How To Measure Magnetic Flux With A Single Position Measurement?, Eliahu Cohen, Lev Vaidman, Yakir Aharonov

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Current methods for measuring magnetic flux are based on performing many measurements over a large ensemble of electrons. We propose a novel method based on wave function "revival" for measuring the flux modulo using only a single electron. A preliminary analysis of the feasibility of the experiment is provided.

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Spacetime Algebra As A Powerful Tool For Electromagnetism, Justin Dressel, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Franco Nori Jun 2015

Spacetime Algebra As A Powerful Tool For Electromagnetism, Justin Dressel, Konstantin Y. Bliokh, Franco Nori

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We present a comprehensive introduction to spacetime algebra that emphasizes its practicality and power as a tool for the study of electromagnetism. We carefully develop this natural (Clifford) algebra of the Minkowski spacetime geometry, with a particular focus on its intrinsic (and often overlooked) complex structure. Notably, the scalar imaginary that appears throughout the electromagnetic theory properly corresponds to the unit 4-volume of spacetime itself, and thus has physical meaning. The electric and magnetic fields are combined into a single complex and frame-independent bivector field, which generalizes the Riemann-Silberstein complex vector that has recently resurfaced in studies of the single …

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Paraxial Full-Field Cloaking, Joseph S. Choi, John C. Howell Jun 2015

Paraxial Full-Field Cloaking, Joseph S. Choi, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We complete the ‘paraxial’ (small-angle) ray optics cloaking formalism presented previously [Opt. Express 22, 29465 (2014)], by extending it to the full-field of light. Omnidirectionality is then the only relaxed parameter of what may be considered an ideal, broadband, field cloak. We show that an isotropic plate of uniform thickness, with appropriately designed refractive index and dispersion, can match the phase over the whole visible spectrum. Our results support the fundamental limits on cloaking for broadband vs. omnidirectionality, and provide insights into when anisotropy may be required.

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Power-Recycled Weak-Value-Based Metrology, Kevin Lyons, Justin Dressel, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell, Paul G. Kwiat Apr 2015

Power-Recycled Weak-Value-Based Metrology, Kevin Lyons, Justin Dressel, Andrew N. Jordan, John C. Howell, Paul G. Kwiat

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We improve the precision of the interferometric weak-value-based beam deflection measurement by introducing a power recycling mirror, creating a resonant cavity. This results in all the light exiting to the detector with a large deflection, thus eliminating the inefficiency of the rare postselection. The signal-to-noise ratio of the deflection is itself magnified by the weak value. We discuss ways to realize this proposal, using a transverse beam filter and different cavity designs.

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Violating The Modified Helstrom Bound With Nonprojective Measurements, Justin Dressel, Todd A. Brun, Alexander N. Korotkov Apr 2015

Violating The Modified Helstrom Bound With Nonprojective Measurements, Justin Dressel, Todd A. Brun, Alexander N. Korotkov

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We consider the discrimination of two pure quantum states with three allowed outcomes: a correct guess, an incorrect guess, and a nonguess. To find an optimum measurement procedure, we define a tunable cost that penalizes the incorrect guess and nonguess outcomes. Minimizing this cost over all projective measurements produces a rigorous cost bound that includes the usual Helstrom discrimination bound as a special case.We then show that nonprojective measurements can outperform this modified Helstrom bound for certain choices of cost function. The Ivanovic-Dieks-Peres unambiguous state discrimination protocol is recovered as a special case of this improvement.Notably, while the cost advantage …

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Can A Future Choice Affect A Past Measurement's Outcome?, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Avshalom C. Elitzur Apr 2015

Can A Future Choice Affect A Past Measurement's Outcome?, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Avshalom C. Elitzur

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

An EPR experiment is studied where each particle within the entangled pair undergoes a few weak measurements (WMs) along some pre-set spin orientations, with the outcomes individually recorded. Then the particle undergoes one strong measurement along an orientation chosen at the last moment. Bell-inequality violation is expected between the two final measurements within each EPR pair. At the same time, statistical agreement is expected between these strong measurements and the earlier weak ones performed on that pair. A contradiction seemingly ensues: (i) Bell’s theorem forbids spin values to exist prior to the choice of the orientation measured; (ii) A weak …

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Heisenberg Scaling With Weak Measurement: A Quantum State Discrimination Point Of View, Andrew N. Jordan, Jeff Tollaksen, James E. Troupe, Justin Dressel, Yakir Aharonov Mar 2015

Heisenberg Scaling With Weak Measurement: A Quantum State Discrimination Point Of View, Andrew N. Jordan, Jeff Tollaksen, James E. Troupe, Justin Dressel, Yakir Aharonov

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We examine the results of the paper “Precision metrology using weak measurements” (Zhang et al. arXiv:1310.5302, 2013) from a quantum state discrimination point of view. The Heisenberg scaling of the photon number for the precision of the interaction parameter between coherent light and a spin one-half particle (or pseudo-spin) has a simple interpretation in terms of the interaction rotating the quantum state to an orthogonal one. To achieve this scaling, the information must be extracted from the spin rather than from the coherent state of light, limiting the applications of the method to phenomena such as cross-phase modulation. …

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Weak Values As Interference Phenomena, Justin Dressel Mar 2015

Weak Values As Interference Phenomena, Justin Dressel

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Weak values arise experimentally as conditioned averages of weak (noisy) observable measurements that minimally disturb an initial quantum state, and also as dynamical variables for reduced quantum state evolution even in the absence of measurement. These averages can exceed the eigenvalue range of the observable ostensibly being estimated, which has prompted considerable debate regarding their interpretation. Classical conditioned averages of noisy signals only show such anomalies if the quantity being measured is also disturbed prior to conditioning. This fact has recently been rediscovered, along with the question whether anomalous weak values are merely classical disturbance effects. Here we carefully review …

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Demonstrating Continuous Variable Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering In Spite Of Finite Experimental Capabilities Using Fano Steering Bounds, James Schneeloch, Samuel H. Knarr, Gregory A. Howland, John C. Howell Feb 2015

Demonstrating Continuous Variable Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering In Spite Of Finite Experimental Capabilities Using Fano Steering Bounds, James Schneeloch, Samuel H. Knarr, Gregory A. Howland, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We show how one can demonstrate continuous-variable Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering without needing to characterize entire measurement probability distributions. To do this, we develop a modified Fano inequality useful for discrete measurements of continuous variables and use it to bound the conditional uncertainties in continuous-variable entropic EPR-steering inequalities. With these bounds, we show how one can hedge against experimental limitations including a finite detector size, dead space between pixels, and any such factors that impose an incomplete sampling of the true measurement probability distribution. Furthermore, we use experimental data from the position and momentum statistics of entangled photon pairs in parametric …

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On Algebras Which Are Inductive Limits Of Banach Spaces, Daniel Alpay, Guy Salomon Jan 2015

On Algebras Which Are Inductive Limits Of Banach Spaces, Daniel Alpay, Guy Salomon

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We introduce algebras which are inductive limits of Banach spaces and carry inequalities which are counterparts of the inequality for the norm in a Banach algebra. We then define an associated Wiener algebra, and prove the corresponding version of the well-known Wiener theorem. Finally, we consider factorization theory in these algebra, and in particular, in the associated Wiener algebra.

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Remote Sensing And Modeling Of Atmospheric Dust And Studying Its Impact On Environment, Weather, And Climate, Hesham El-Askary, Seon K. Park, Slobodan Nickovic, Mian Chin Jan 2015

Remote Sensing And Modeling Of Atmospheric Dust And Studying Its Impact On Environment, Weather, And Climate, Hesham El-Askary, Seon K. Park, Slobodan Nickovic, Mian Chin

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

An overview of the 2015 volume of Advances in Meteorology, which was co-edited by Chapman faculty member Dr. Hesham El-Askary.

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Spectral Theory For Gaussian Processes: Reproducing Kernels, Random Functions, Boundaries, And L2-Wavelet Generators With Fractional Scales, Daniel Alpay Jan 2015

Spectral Theory For Gaussian Processes: Reproducing Kernels, Random Functions, Boundaries, And L2-Wavelet Generators With Fractional Scales, Daniel Alpay

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

A recurrent theme in functional analysis is the interplay between the theory of positive definite functions, and their reproducing kernels, on the one hand, and Gaussian stochastic processes, on the other. This central theme is motivated by a host of applications, e.g., in mathematical physics, and in stochastic differential equations, and their use in financial models. In this paper, we show that, for three classes of cases in the correspondence, it is possible to obtain explicit formulas which are amenable to computations of the respective Gaussian stochastic processes. For achieving this, we first develop two functional analytic tools. They are: …

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Logical Pre- And Post-Selection Paradoxes Are Proofs Of Contextuality, Matthew F. Pusey, Matthew S. Leifer Jan 2015

Logical Pre- And Post-Selection Paradoxes Are Proofs Of Contextuality, Matthew F. Pusey, Matthew S. Leifer

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

If a quantum system is prepared and later post-selected in certain states, “paradoxical” predictions for intermediate measurements can be obtained. This is the case both when the intermediate measurement is strong, i.e. a projective measurement with Lüders-von Neumann update rule, or with weak measurements where they show up in anomalous weak values. Leifer and Spekkens [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 200405] identified a striking class of such paradoxes, known as logical pre- and postselection paradoxes, and showed that they are indirectly connected with contextuality. By analysing the measurement-disturbance required in models of these phenomena, we find that the strong measurement version …

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Detection And Tracking Of T Cells In Time-Lapse Imaging, Cody Arbuckle, Milton L. Greenberg, Erik J. Linstead Jan 2015

Detection And Tracking Of T Cells In Time-Lapse Imaging, Cody Arbuckle, Milton L. Greenberg, Erik J. Linstead

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The effective classification and tracking of cells obtained from modern staining techniques has significant limitations due to the necessity of having to train and utilize a human expert in the field who must manually identify each cell in each slide. Often times these slides are filled with noise cells that are not of particular interest to the researcher. The use of computational methods has the ability to effectively and efficiently enhance image quality, as well as identify and track target cell types over large data sets. Here we present a computational approach to the in vitro tracking of T cells …

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Weak Values Obtained In Matter-Wave Interferometry, Stephan Sponar, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Hartmutt Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa Jan 2015

Weak Values Obtained In Matter-Wave Interferometry, Stephan Sponar, Tobias Denkmayr, Hermann Geppert, Hartmutt Lemmel, Alexandre Matzkin, Jeff Tollaksen, Yuji Hasegawa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Weak values, introduced more than 25 years ago, underwent a metamorphosis from a theoretical curiosity to a powerful resource in photonics for exploring foundations of quantum mechanics, as well as a practical laboratory tool. Due to the tiny coherence volume of particles used in matter-wave optics, a straightforward implementation of weak measurements is not feasible. We have overcome this hurdle by developing a method to weakly measure a massive particle's spin component. A neutron optical approach is realized by utilizing neutron interferometry, where the neutron's spin is coupled weakly to its spatial degree of freedom. Here, we present how one …

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