Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Mapping Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Of Arbitrary Polarisation Using Pulsar Timing Arrays, Jonathan Gair, Joseph D. Romano, Stephen R. Taylor

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We extend our previous work on mapping gravitational-wave backgrounds using techniques borrowed from the analysis of cosmic microwave background data to backgrounds which have non-general-relativity (non-GR) polarisations. Our analysis and results are presented in the context of pulsar timing array observations, but the overarching methods are general, and can be easily applied to LIGO or eLISA observations using appropriately modified response functions. Analytic expressions for the pulsar timing response to gravitational waves with non-GR polarisation are given for each mode of a spin-weighted spherical-harmonic decomposition of the background, which permit the signal to be mapped across the sky to any …

Coherent Network Analysis For Continuous Gravitational Wave Signals In A Pulsar Timing Array: Pulsar Phases As Extrinsic Parameters, Yan Wang, Soumya D. Mohanty, F. A. Jenet

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Supermassive black hole binaries are one of the primary targets of gravitational wave (GW) searches using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). GW signals from such systems are well represented by parameterized models, allowing the standard Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) to be used for their detection and estimation. However, there is a dichotomy in how the GLRT can be implemented for PTAs: there are two possible ways in which one can split the set of signal parameters for semi-analytical and numerical extremization. The straightforward extension of the method used for continuous signals in ground-based GW searches, where the so-called pulsar phase …

Mitigating N2o Emissions From Soil: From Patching Leaks To Transformative Action, C. Decock, Juhwan Lee, M. Necpalova, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, D. M. Tendall, Johan Six

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Further progress in understanding and mitigating N2O emissions from soil lies within transdisciplinary research that reaches across spatial scales and takes an ambitious look into the future.

Use Of Cubic B-Spline In Approximating Solutions Of Boundary Value Problems, Maria Mungia, Dambaru Bhatta

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Here we investigate the use of cubic B-spline functions in solving boundary value problems. First, we derive the linear, quadratic, and cubic B-spline functions. Then we use the cubic B-spline functions to solve second order linear boundary value problems. We consider constant coefficient and variable coefficient cases with non-homogeneous boundary conditions for ordinary differential equations. We also use this numerical method for the space variable to obtain solutions for second order linear partial differential equations. Numerical results for various cases are presented and compared with exact solutions.

The Nanograv Nine-Year Data Set: Observations Arrival Time Measurements And Analysis Of 37 Millisecond Pulsars, Z. Arzoumanian, Zaven Arzoumanian, Adam Brazier, Sarah Burke-Spolaor, Sydney Chamberlin, Shami Chatterjee, Brian Christy, James M. Cordes, Neil Cornish, Kathryn Crowter, Paul B. Demorest, Timothy Dolch, Justin A. Ellis, Robert D. Ferdman, Emmanuel Fonseca, Nathan Garver-Daniels, Marjorie E. Gonzalez, Fredrick A. Jenet, Glenn Jones, Megan L. Jones, Victoria M. Kaspi, Michael Koop, Michael T. Lam, T. Joseph W. Lazio, Lina Levin, Andrea N. Lommen, Duncan R. Lorimer, Jing Luo, Ryan S. Lynch, Dustin Madison

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present high-precision timing observations spanning up to nine years for 37 millisecond pulsars monitored with the Green Bank and Arecibo radio telescopes as part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project. We describe the observational and instrumental setups used to collect the data, and methodology applied for calculating pulse times of arrival; these include novel methods for measuring instrumental offsets and characterizing low signal-to-noise ratio timing results. The time of arrival data are fit to a physical timing model for each source, including terms that characterize time-variable dispersion measure and frequency-dependent pulse shape evolution. In …

On The Disk Wind Mass Loss Rates In Qsos, Nicolas A. Pereyra

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We derive here a relatively simple expression for the total wind mass loss rates in QSOs within the accretion disk wind scenario. We show that the simple expression derived here for QSO disk wind mass loss rate is in a very good agreement with the more “exact” values obtained through significantly more complex and detailed numerically intensive 2.5D time-dependent simulations. Additionally we show that for typical QSO parameters, the disk itself will be emitting mostly in the UV/optical spectrum, in turn implying that the X-ray emission from QSOs likely is produced through some physical mechanism acting at radii smaller than …

Genomic And Transcriptomic Evidence For Scavenging Of Diverse Organic Compounds By Widespread Deep-Sea Archaea, Meng Li, Brett J. Baker, Karthik Anantharaman, Sunit Jain, John A. Breier, Gregory J. Dick

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Microbial activity is one of the most important processes to mediate the flux of organic carbon from the ocean surface to the seafloor. However, little is known about the microorganisms that underpin this key step of the global carbon cycle in the deep oceans. Here we present genomic and transcriptomic evidence that five ubiquitous archaeal groups actively use proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids and lipids as sources of carbon and energy at depths ranging from 800 to 4,950 m in hydrothermal vent plumes and pelagic background seawater across three different ocean basins. Genome-enabled metabolic reconstructions and gene expression patterns show that …

Searches For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Nine Young Supernova Remnants, J. Aasi, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, A. Ain, P. Ajith, A. Alemic, B. Allen, A. Allocca, D. Amariutei, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, K. Arai, M. C. Araya, C. Arceneaux, J. S. Areeda, S. Ast

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe directed searches for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in data from the sixth Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) science data run. The targets were nine young supernova remnants not associated with pulsars; eight of the remnants are associated with non-pulsing suspected neutron stars. One target's parameters are uncertain enough to warrant two searches, for a total of 10. Each search covered a broad band of frequencies and first and second frequency derivatives for a fixed sky direction. The searches coherently integrated data from the two LIGO interferometers over time spans from 5.3-25.3 days using the matched-filtering -statistic. We found …

On The Formation And Evolution Of The First Be Star In A Black Hole Binary Mwc 656, M. Grudzinska, K. Belczynski, J. Casares, S. E. De Mink, J. Ziolkowski, I. Negueruela, M. Ribó, I. Ribas, J. M. Paredes, A. Herrero, M. Benacquista

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We find that the formation of MWC 656 (the first Be binary containing a black hole) involves a common envelope phase and a supernova explosion. This result supports the idea that a rapidly rotating Be star can emerge out of a common envelope phase, which is very intriguing because this evolutionary stage is thought to be too fast to lead to significant accretion and spin up of the B star.We predict ~10-100 of B-BH binaries to currently reside in the Galactic disc, among which around 1/3 contain a Be star, but there is only a small chance to observe a …

Pulsar J0453+1559: A Double Neutron Star System With A Large Mass Asymmetry, J. G. Martinez, K. Stovall, P. C.C. Freire, J. S. Deneva, F. A. Jenet, M. A. Mclaughlin, M. Bagchi, S. D. Bates, A. Ridolfi

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

To understand the nature of supernovae and neutron star (NS) formation, as well as binary stellar evolution and their interactions, it is important to probe the distribution of NS masses. Until now, all double NS (DNS) systems have been measured as having a mass ratio close to unity (q ≥ 0.91). Here, we report the measurement of the individual masses of the 4.07-day binary pulsar J0453+1559 from measurements of the rate of advance of periastron and Shapiro delay: the mass of the pulsar is Mp = 1.559 � 0.005 Mo and that of its companion is Mo; q = 0.75. …

Arecibo Pulsar Survey Using Alfa. Iv. Mock Spectrometer Data Analysis Survey Sensitivity And The Discovery Of 40 Pulsars, P. Lazarus, A. Brazier, J. W.T. Hessels, C. Karako-Argaman, V. M. Kaspi, R. Lynch, E. Madsen, C. Patel, S. M. Ransom, P. Scholz, J. Swiggum, W. W. Zhu, B. Allen, S. Bogdanov, F. Camilo, F. Cardoso, S. Chatterjee, J. M. Cordes, F. Crawford, J. S. Deneva, R. Ferdman, P. C.C. Freire, F. A. Jenet, B. Knispel, K. J. Lee, J. Van Leeuwen, D. R. Lorimer, A. G. Lyne, M. A. Mclaughlin, X. Siemens

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The on-going Arecibo Pulsar-ALFA (PALFA) survey began in 2004 and is searching for radio pulsars in the Galactic plane at 1.4 GHz. Here we present a comprehensive description of one of its main data reduction pipelines that is based on the PRESTO software and includes new interference-excision algorithms and candidate selection heuristics. This pipeline has been used to discover 40 pulsars, bringing the surveys discovery total to 144 pulsars. Of the new discoveries, eight are millisecond pulsars (MSPs; P 10 ms) and one is a Fast Radio Burst (FRB). This pipeline has also re-detected 188 previously known pulsars, 60 of …

Depression, Obesity, And Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence And Risks Of Comorbidity In A Population-Based Study Of Mexican Americans, Rene L. Olvera, Douglas E. Williamson, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Kristina Vatcheva, Joseph B. Mccormick

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: We examined the prevalence of depression, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and associations between them in a population-based representative cohort of Mexican Americans living on the United States-Mexico border.

Method: The sample in this cross-sectional analysis consisted of 1,768 Mexican American adults (≥ 18 years of age) assessed between the years 2004 and 2010, with whom we tested our central hypothesis of a significant relationship between obesity and depression. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) with a cutoff score of ≥ 16 for depression and a cutoff score of ≥ 27 for severe depression. We …

Depth-Resolved Multispectral Sub-Surface Imaging Using Multifunctional Upconversion Phosphors With Paramagnetic Properties, Zaven Ovanesyan, L. Christopher Mimun, Gangadharan Ajith Kumar, Brian G. Yust, Chamath Dannongoda, Karen S. Martirosyan, Dhiraj K. Sardar

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Molecular imaging is very promising technique used for surgical guidance, which requires advancements related to properties of imaging agents and subsequent data retrieval methods from measured multispectral images. In this article, an upconversion material is introduced for subsurface near-infrared imaging and for the depth recovery of the material embedded below the biological tissue. The results confirm significant correlation between the analytical depth estimate of the material under the tissue and the measured ratio of emitted light from the material at two different wavelengths. Experiments with biological tissue samples demonstrate depth resolved imaging using the rare earth doped multifunctional phosphors. In …

Microwave Spectra And Structure Of The Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid-Formic Acid Dimer, Aaron M. Pejlovas, Wei Lin, Stephen G. Kukolich

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The rotational spectrum of the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid-formic acid doubly hydrogen bonded dimer has been measured in the 4-11 GHz region using a Flygare-Balle type pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Rotational transitions were measured for the parent, four unique singly substituted ¹³C isotopologues, and a singly deuterated isotopologue. Splittings due to a possible concerted double proton tunneling motion were not observed. Rotational constants (A, B, and C) and centrifugal distortion constants (DJ and DJK) were determined from the measured transitions for the dimer. The values of the rotational (in MHz) and centrifugal distortion constants (in kHz) for the parent isotopologue …

Nanograv Constraints On Gravitational Wave Bursts With Memory, Z. Arzoumanian, A. Brazier, S. Burke-Spolaor, S. J. Chamberlin, S. Chatterjee, B. Christy, J. M. Cordes, N. J. Cornish, P. B. Demorest, X. Deng, T. Dolch, J. A. Ellis, R. D. Ferdman, E. Fonseca, N. Garver-Daniels, F. Jenet, G. Jones, V. M. Kaspi, M. Koop, M. T. Lam, T. J.W. Lazio, L. Levin, A. N. Lommen, D. R. Lorimer, J. Luo, R. S. Lynch, D. R. Madison, M. A. Mclaughlin, S. T. Mcwilliams, D. J. Nice

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Among efforts to detect gravitational radiation, pulsar timing arrays are uniquely poised to detect \"memory\" signatures, permanent perturbations in spacetime from highly energetic astrophysical events such as mergers of supermassive black hole binaries. The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) observes dozens of the most stable millisecond pulsars using the Arecibo and Green Bank radio telescopes in an effort to study, among other things, gravitational wave memory. We herein present the results of a search for gravitational wave bursts with memory (BWMs) using the first five years of NANOGrav observations. We develop original methods for dramatically speeding up …

Association Of Total And Differential White Blood Cell Counts To Development Of Type 2 Diabetes In Mexican Americans In Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, Kristina Vatcheva, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Minjae Lee, Rene L. Olvera, Joseph B. Mccormick

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between total and differential White Blood Cell (WBC) counts with time to transition to type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans using prospective data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC).

Results: Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models revealed that obese Mexican-American cohort participants whose total WBC or granulocyte count increased over time had 1.39 and 1.35 times higher risk respectively of transition to type 2 diabetes when compared to overweight participants. The granulocyte or total WBC count in participants with BMI≥35 were significant risk factors for transition to type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions: Increased total WBC …

A Comparative Study Of Polyurethane Nanofibers With Different Patterns And Its Analogous Nanofibers Containing Mwcnts, Javier Macossay-Torres, Faheem A. Sheikh, Hassan Ahmad, Hern Kim, Gary L. Bowlin

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that has evolved in various dimensions in recent years. One of the main aspects in this field is the proper adjustment and final compatibility of implants at the target site of surgery. For this purpose, it is desired to have the materials fabricated at the nanometer scale, since these dimensions will ultimately accelerate the fixation of implants at the cellular level. In this study, electrospun polyurethane nanofibers and their analogous nanofibers containing MWCNTs are introduced for tissue engineering applications. Since MWCNTs agglomerate to form bundles, a high intensity sonication procedure was used to disperse …

Barriers To Disaster Preparedness Among Medical Special Needs Populations, Leslie Meyer, Kristina Vatcheva, Stephanie Castellanos, Belinda M. Reininger

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

A medical special needs (MSN) assessment was conducted among 3088 respondents in a hurricane prone area. The sample was female (51.7%), Hispanic (92.9%), aged >45 years (51%), not insured for health (59.2%), and with an MSN (33.2%). Barriers to preparedness were characterized for all households, including those with inhabitants reporting MSN ranging from level 0 (mild) to level 4 (most severe). Multivariable logistic regression tested associations between hurricane preparedness and barriers to evacuation by level of MSN. A significant interaction effect between number of evacuation barriers and MSN was found. Among households that reported individuals with level 0 MSN, the …

Dna Cyclization And Looping In The Wormlike Limit: Normal Modes And The Validity Of The Harmonic Approximation, Stefan M. Giovan, Andreas Hanke, Stephen D. Levene

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

For much of the last three decades, Monte Carlo-simulation methods have been the standard approach for accurately calculating the cyclization probability, J, or J factor, for DNA models having sequence-dependent bends or inhomogeneous bending flexibility. Within the last 10 years approaches based on harmonic analysis of semi-flexible polymer models have been introduced, which offer much greater computational efficiency than Monte Carlo techniques. These methods consider the ensemble of molecular conformations in terms of harmonic fluctuations about a well-defined elastic-energy minimum. However, the harmonic approximation is only applicable for small systems, because the accessible conformation space of larger systems is increasingly …

Phase-Coherent Mapping Of Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Ground-Based Laser Interferometers, Joseph D. Romano, Stephen R. Taylor, Neil Cornish, Jonathan Gair, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Rutger Van Haasteren

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We extend the formalisms developed in Gair et al. [1] and Cornish and van Haasteren [2] to create maps of gravitational-wave backgrounds using a network of ground-based laser interferometers. We show that in contrast to pulsar timing arrays, which are insensitive to the curl modes of the background, a network of ground-based interferometers is sensitive to both the gradient and curl components. The spatial separation of a network of interferometers, or of a single interferometer at different times during its rotational and orbital motion around the Sun, allows for recovery of both components. We derive expressions for the response functions …

Discovery And Follow-Up Of Rotating Radio Transients With The Green Bank And Lofar Telescopes, C. Karako-Argaman, V. M. Kaspi, R. S. Lynch, J. W.T. Hessels, V. I. Kondratiev, M. A. Mclaughlin, S. M. Ransom, A. M. Archibald, J. Boyles, F. A. Jenet, D. L. Kaplan, L. Levin, D. R. Lorimer, E. C. Madsen, M. S.E. Roberts, X. Siemens, I. H. Stairs, K. Stovall, J. K. Swiggum, J. Van Leeuwen

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We have discovered 21 Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs) in data from the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) 350 MHz Drift-scan and the Green Bank North Celestial Cap pulsar surveys using a new candidate sifting algorithm. RRATs are pulsars with sporadic emission that are detected through their bright single pulses rather than Fourier domain searches. We have developed RRATtrap, a single-pulse sifting algorithm that can be integrated into pulsar survey data analysis pipelines in order to find RRATs and Fast Radio Bursts. We have conducted follow-up observations of our newly discovered sources at several radio frequencies using the GBT and Low Frequency …

High Precision Optical Cavity Length And Width Measurements Using Double Modulation, A. Staley, D. Hoak, A. Effler, K. Izumi, S. Dwyer, K. Kawabe, E. J. King, Malik Rakhmanov, R. L. Savage, D. Sigg

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We use doubly phase modulated light to measure both the length and the linewidth of an optical resonator with high precision. The first modulation is at RF frequencies and is set near a multiple of the free spectral range, whereas the second modulation is at audio frequencies to eliminate offset errors at DC. The light in transmission or in reflection of the optical resonator is demodulated while sweeping the RF frequency over the optical resonance. We derive expressions for the demodulated power in transmission, and show that the zero crossings of the demodulated signal in transmission serve as a precise …

Measuring Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances With Hst Wfc3: Calibration And Advice, Joseph B. Jensen, John P. Blakeslee, Zachary Gibson, Hyun Chul Lee, Michele Cantiello, Gabriella Raimondo, Nathan Boyer, Hyejeon Cho

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present new calibrations of the near-infrared (near-IR) surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distance method for the F110W (J110) and F160W (H160) bandpasses of the Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Channel (WFC3/IR) on the Hubble Space Telescope. The calibrations are based on data for 16 early-type galaxies in the Virgo and Fornax clusters observed with WFC3/IR and are provided as functions of both the optical (g475-z850 ) and near-infrared (J110-H160) colors. The scatter about the linear calibration relations for the luminous red galaxies in the sample is approximately 0.10 mag, corresponding to a statistical error of 5% in distance. Our results …

High Precision Optical Cavity Length And Width Measurements Using Double Modulation, A. Staley, D. Hoak, A. Effler, K. Izumi, S. Dwyer, K. Kawabe, E. J. King, Malik Rakhmanov, R. L. Savage, D. Sigg

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We use doubly phase modulated light to measure both the length and the linewidth of an optical resonator with high precision. The first modulation is at RF frequencies and is set near a multiple of the free spectral range, whereas the second modulation is at audio frequencies to eliminate offset errors at DC. The light in transmission or in reflection of the optical resonator is demodulated while sweeping the RF frequency over the optical resonance. We derive expressions for the demodulated power in transmission, and show that the zero crossings of the demodulated signal in transmission serve as a precise …

Undiagnosed Diabetes And Pre-Diabetes In Health Disparities, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Kristina Vatcheva, Mohammad H. Rahbar, Joseph B. Mccormick

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Globally half of all diabetes mellitus is undiagnosed. We sought to determine the extent and characteristics of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in Mexican Americans residing in the United States. This disadvantaged population with 50% lifetime risk of diabetes is a microcosm of the current pandemic. We accessed baseline data between 2004 and 2014 from 2,838 adults recruited to our Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC); a two-stage randomly selected 'Framingham-like' cohort of Mexican Americans on the US Mexico border with severe health disparities. We examined prevalence, risk factors and metabolic health in diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. …

Particle Dynamics In The Rising Plume At Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Cayman Rise, Margaret L. Estapa, John A. Breier, Chris R. German

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Processes active in rising hydrothermal plumes, such as precipitation, particle aggregation, and biological growth, affect particle size distributions and can exert important influences on the biogeochemical impact of submarine venting of iron to the oceans and their sediments. However, observations to date of particle size distribution within these systems are both limited and conflicting. In a novel buoyant hydrothermal plume study at the recently discovered high-temperature (3988C) Piccard Hydrothermal Field, Mid- Cayman Rise, we report optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs). We describe the plume PSD in terms of a simple, power-law model commonly used in studies of upper …

Modification Of Traffic-Related Respiratory Response By Asthma Control In A Population Of Car Commuters, Maria C. Mirabelli, Rachel Golan, Roby Greenwald, Amit U. Raysoni, Fernando Holguin, Priya Kewada, Andrea Winquist, W Dana Flanders, Jeremy A. Sarnat

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Effects of traffic-related exposures on respiratory health are well documented, but little information is available about whether asthma control influences individual susceptibility. We analyzed data from the Atlanta Commuter Exposure study to evaluate modification of associations between rush-hour commuting, in- vehicle air pollution, and selected respiratory health outcomes by asthma control status.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 39 adults participated in Atlanta Commuter Exposure, and each conducted two scripted rush-hour highway commutes. In-vehicle particulate components were measured during all commutes. Among adults with asthma, we evaluated asthma control by questionnaire and spirometry. Exhaled nitric oxide, forced expiratory volume in …

Iron-Mediated Stabilization Of Soil Carbon Amplifies The Benefits Of Ecological Restoration In Degraded Lands, Lucas C. R. Silva, Timothy A. Doane, Rodrigo S. Correa, Vinicius Valverde, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, William R. Horwath

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent observations across a 14‐year restoration chronosequence have shown an unexpected accumulation of soil organic carbon in strip‐mined areas of central Brazil. This was attributed to the rapid plant colonization that followed the incorporation of biosolids into exposed regoliths, but the specific mechanisms involved in the stabilization of carbon inputs from the vegetation remained unclear. Using isotopic and elemental analyses, we tested the hypothesis that plant‐derived carbon accumulation was triggered by the formation of iron‐coordinated complexes, stabilized into physically protected (occluded) soil fractions. Confirming this hypothesis, we identified a fast formation of microaggregates shortly after the application of iron‐rich biosolids, …

Double Compact Objects. Iii. Gravitational-Wave Detection Rates, Michal Dominik, Emanuele Berti, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Ilya Mandel, Krzysztof Belczynski, Christopher Fryer, Daniel E. Holz, Tomasz Bulik, Francesco Pannarale

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The unprecedented range of second-generation gravitational-wave (GW) observatories calls for refining the predictions of potential sources and detection rates. The coalescence of double compact objects (DCOs)—i.e., neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS), black hole–neutron star (BH–NS), and black hole–black hole (BH–BH) binary systems—is the most promising source of GWs for these detectors. We compute detection rates of coalescing DCOs in second-generation GW detectors using the latest models for their cosmological evolution, and implementing inspiral-merger-ringdown gravitational waveform models in our signal-to-noise ratio calculations. We find that (1) the inclusion of the merger/ringdown portion of the signal does not significantly affect rates for NS–NS …

Lateral Dispersal And Foraging Behavior Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes In The Absence And Presence Of Mobile And Non-Mobile Hosts, Harit K. Bal, Parwinder Grewal

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Entomopathogenic nematodes have been classified into cruisers (active searchers) and ambushers (sit and wait foragers). However, little is known about their dispersal and foraging behavior at population level in soil. We studied lateral dispersal of the ambush foraging Steinernema carpocapsae (ALL strain) and cruise foraging Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (GPS11 strain) from infected host cadavers in microcosms (0.05 m2) containing Wooster silt-loam soil (Oxyaquic fragiudalf) and vegetation in the presence or absence of non-mobile and mobile hosts. Results showed that the presence of a non-mobile host (Galleria mellonella larva in a wire mesh cage) enhanced H. bacteriophora dispersal for up …