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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Sharp Lower Bounds For The Zagreb Indices Of Unicyclic Graphs, Batmend Horoldagva, Kinkar Das Jan 2015

Sharp Lower Bounds For The Zagreb Indices Of Unicyclic Graphs, Batmend Horoldagva, Kinkar Das

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The first Zagreb index $M_1$ is equal to the sum of the squares of the degrees of the vertices, and the second Zagreb index $M_2$ is equal to the sum of the products of the degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices of the respective graph. In this paper we present the lower bound on $M_1$ and $M_2$ among all unicyclic graphs of given order, maximum degree, and cycle length, and characterize graphs for which the bound is attained. Moreover, we obtain some relations between the Zagreb indices for unicyclic graphs.


The Ext-Strongly Gorenstein Projective Modules, Jie Ren Jan 2015

The Ext-Strongly Gorenstein Projective Modules, Jie Ren

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we introduce and study Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective modules. We prove that the class of Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective modules is projective resolving. Moreover, we consider Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective precovers.


On Ampleness And Pseudo-Anosov Homeomorphisms In The Free Group, Rizos Sklinos Jan 2015

On Ampleness And Pseudo-Anosov Homeomorphisms In The Free Group, Rizos Sklinos

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We use pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of surfaces in order to prove that the first-order theory of non-Abelian free groups, T_{fg}, is n-ample for any n \in \omega. This result adds to the work of Pillay, which proved that T_{fg} is non-CM-trivial. The sequence witnessing ampleness is a sequence of primitive elements in F_{\omega}. Our result provides an alternative proof to the main result of a recent preprint by Ould Houcine and Tent.


On P-Schemes With The Same Degrees Of Thin Radical And Thin Residue, Fatemeh Raei Barandagh, Amir Rahnamai Barghi Jan 2015

On P-Schemes With The Same Degrees Of Thin Radical And Thin Residue, Fatemeh Raei Barandagh, Amir Rahnamai Barghi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let p and n>1 be a prime number and an integer, respectively. In this paper, first we show that any p-scheme whose thin radical and thin residue are equal is isomorphic to a fission of the wreath product of 2 thin schemes. In addition, we characterize association p-schemes whose thin radical and thin residue each have degree equal to p. We also characterize association p-schemes on p^n points whose thin radical and thin residue each have degree equal to p^{n-1}, and whose basis relations each have valency 1 or p^{n-1}. Moreover, we show that such schemes are Schurian.


The Fundamental Theorems Of Algebroid Functions On Annuli, Yang Tan, Qingcai Zhang Jan 2015

The Fundamental Theorems Of Algebroid Functions On Annuli, Yang Tan, Qingcai Zhang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

An extension of Nevanlinna value distribution theory for algebroid functions on annuli is proposed. The main characteristics are one-parameter and possess the same properties as in the classical case. Analogs of the Cartan theorem, the first fundamental theorem, the second fundamental theorem, deficient values, and the uniqueness of algebroid functions on annuli are proved.


Finite Groups With Three Conjugacy Class Sizes Of Primary And Biprimary Elements, Changguo Shao, Qinhui Jiang Jan 2015

Finite Groups With Three Conjugacy Class Sizes Of Primary And Biprimary Elements, Changguo Shao, Qinhui Jiang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We determine the structure of finite $\pi(m)$-separable groups if the set of conjugacy class sizes of primary and biprimary elements is $\{1, m, mn\}$, where $m$ and $n$ are two coprime integers.


Groups With The Given Set Of The Lengths Of Conjugacy Classes, Neda Ahanjideh Jan 2015

Groups With The Given Set Of The Lengths Of Conjugacy Classes, Neda Ahanjideh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study the structures of some finite groups such that the conjugacy class size of every noncentral element of them is divisible by a prime $p$.


Split Extension Classifiers In The Category Of Precrossed Modules Of Commutative Algebras, Yaşar Boyaci, Tufan Sai̇t Kuzpinari, Enver Önder Uslu Jan 2015

Split Extension Classifiers In The Category Of Precrossed Modules Of Commutative Algebras, Yaşar Boyaci, Tufan Sai̇t Kuzpinari, Enver Önder Uslu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We construct an actor of a precat$^{1}$-algebra and then by using the natural equivalence between the categories of precat$^{1}$-algebras and that of precrossed modules, we construct the split extension classifier of the corresponding precrossed module, which gives rise to the representability of actions in the category of precrossed modules of commutative algebras under certain conditions.


$R$-Ideals In Commutative Rings, Rostam Mohamadian Jan 2015

$R$-Ideals In Commutative Rings, Rostam Mohamadian

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this article we introduce the concept of $r$-ideals in commutative rings (note: an ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is called $r$-ideal, if $ab\in I$ and ${\rm Ann}(a)=(0)$ imply that $b\in I$ for each $a,b\in R$). We study and investigate the behavior of $r$-ideals and compare them with other classical ideals, such as prime and maximal ideals. We also show that some known ideals such as $z^\circ$-ideals are $r$-ideals. It is observed that if $I$ is an $r$-ideal, then so too is a minimal prime ideal of $I$. We naturally extend the celebrated results such as Cohen's theorem for …


Bifurcation And Dynamics Of A Normal Form Map, Reza Khoshsiar Ghaziani Jan 2015

Bifurcation And Dynamics Of A Normal Form Map, Reza Khoshsiar Ghaziani

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper investigates the dynamics and stability properties of a so-called planar truncated normal form map. This kind of map is widely used in the applied context, especially in normal form coefficients of n-dimensional maps. We determine analytically the border collision bifurcation curves that characterize the dynamic behaviors of the system. We first analyze stability of the fixed points and the existence of local bifurcations. Our analysis shows the presence of a rich variety of local bifurcations, namely stable fixed points, periodic cycles, quasiperiodic cycles that are constraints to stable attractors called invariant closed curves, and chaos, where dynamics of …


(X, Y)-Gorenstein Projective And Injective Modules, Qunxing Pan, Faqun Cai Jan 2015

(X, Y)-Gorenstein Projective And Injective Modules, Qunxing Pan, Faqun Cai

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper introduces and studies (X,Y)-Gorenstein projective and injective modules, which are a generalization of Enochs' Gorenstein projective and injective modules, respectively. Our main aim is to investigate the relations among various (X,Y)-Gorenstein projective modules.


Balanced Pair Algorithm For A Class Of Cubic Substitutions, Tarek Sellami Jan 2015

Balanced Pair Algorithm For A Class Of Cubic Substitutions, Tarek Sellami

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this article we introduce the balanced pair algorithm associated with 2 unimodular Pisot substitutions having the same incidence matrix. We are interested in beta-substitution related to the polynomial x^3 - ax^2 - bx-1 for a \geq b \geq 1. Applying the balanced pair algorithm to these substitutions, we obtain a general formula for the associated intersection substitution.


Spreading Speeds In A Lattice Differential Equation With Distributed Delay, Huiling Niu Jan 2015

Spreading Speeds In A Lattice Differential Equation With Distributed Delay, Huiling Niu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper studies the spreading speed for a lattice differential equation with infinite distributed delay and we find that the spreading speed coincides with the minimal wave speed of traveling waves. Here the model has been proposed to describe a single species living in a 1D patch environment with infinite number of patches connected locally by diffusion.


Generalized Heineken--Mohamed Type Groups, Orest Artemovych Jan 2015

Generalized Heineken--Mohamed Type Groups, Orest Artemovych

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove that a torsion group G with all subgroups subnormal is a nilpotent group or G=N(A_1 \times \cdots \times A_n) is a product of a normal nilpotent subgroup N and p_i-subgroups A_i, where A_i=A_1^{(i)} \cdots A_{m_i}^{(i)} \lhd G, A_j^{(i)} is a Heineken--Mohamed type group, and p_1, \ldots, p_n are pairwise distinct primes (n\geq 1; i=1, ... ,n; j=1, ... ,m_i and m_i are positive integers).


Notes On Magnetic Curves In 3d Semi-Riemannian Manifolds, Zehra Özdemi̇r, İsmai̇l Gök, Yusuf Yayli, Fai̇k Nejat Ekmekci̇ Jan 2015

Notes On Magnetic Curves In 3d Semi-Riemannian Manifolds, Zehra Özdemi̇r, İsmai̇l Gök, Yusuf Yayli, Fai̇k Nejat Ekmekci̇

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A magnetic field is defined by the property that its divergence is zero in three-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifolds. Each magnetic field generates a magnetic flow whose trajectories are curves $\gamma $, called magnetic curves. In this paper, we investigate the effect of magnetic fields on the moving particle trajectories by variational approach to the magnetic flow associated with the Killing magnetic field on three-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifolds. We then investigate the trajectories of these magnetic fields and give some characterizations and examples of these curves.


Stability In A Job Market With Linearly Increasing Valuations And Quota System, Yasir Ali Jan 2015

Stability In A Job Market With Linearly Increasing Valuations And Quota System, Yasir Ali

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We consider a job market in which preferences of players are represented by linearly increasing valuations. The set of players is divided into two disjoint subsets: a set of workers and a set of firms. The set of workers is further divided into subsets, which represent different categories or classes in everyday life. We consider that firms have vacant posts for all such categories. Each worker wants a job for a category to which he/she belongs. Firms have freedom to hire more than one worker from any category. A worker can work in only one category for at most one …


Stability Of Compact Ricci Solitons Under Ricci Flow, Mina Vaghef, Asadollah Razavi Jan 2015

Stability Of Compact Ricci Solitons Under Ricci Flow, Mina Vaghef, Asadollah Razavi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we establish stability results for Ricci solitons under the Ricci flow, i.e. small perturbations of the Ricci soliton result in small variations in the solution under Ricci flow.


A Note On M-Embedded Subgroups Of Finite Groups, Juping Tang, Long Miao Jan 2015

A Note On M-Embedded Subgroups Of Finite Groups, Juping Tang, Long Miao

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $A$ be a subgroup of $G$. $A$ is m-embedded in $G$ if $G$ has a subnormal subgroup $T$ and a $\{1\leq G\}$-embedded subgroup $C$ such that $G=AT$ and $T\cap A\leq C\leq A$. In this paper, we study the structure of finite groups by using m-embedded subgroups and obtain some new results about $p$-supersolvability and $p$-nilpotency of finite groups. \vs{-1mm}


Approximate Duals And Nearly Parseval Frames, Morteza Mirzaee Azandaryani Jan 2015

Approximate Duals And Nearly Parseval Frames, Morteza Mirzaee Azandaryani

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we introduce approximate duality of g-frames in Hilbert $C^\ast$-modules and we show that approximate duals of g-frames in Hilbert $C^\ast$-modules share many useful properties with those in Hilbert spaces. Moreover, we obtain some new results for approximate duality of frames and g-frames in Hilbert spaces; in particular, we consider approximate duals of $\varepsilon$-nearly Parseval and $\varepsilon$-close frames.


Random Process Generated By The Incomplete Gauss Sums, Emek Demi̇rci̇ Akarsu Jan 2015

Random Process Generated By The Incomplete Gauss Sums, Emek Demi̇rci̇ Akarsu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we explore a random process generated by the incomplete Gauss sums and establish an analogue of weak invariance principle for these sums. We focus our attention exclusively on a generalization of the limit distribution of the long incomplete Gauss sums given by the family of periodic functions analyzed by the author and Marklof.


Moduli Spaces Of Arrangements Of 11 Projective Lines With A Quintuple Point, Meirav Amram, Cheng Gong, Mina Teicher, Wan-Yuan Xu Jan 2015

Moduli Spaces Of Arrangements Of 11 Projective Lines With A Quintuple Point, Meirav Amram, Cheng Gong, Mina Teicher, Wan-Yuan Xu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we try to classify moduli spaces of arrangements of 11 lines with quintuple points. We show that moduli spaces of arrangements of 11 lines with quintuple points can consist of more than 2 connected components. We also present defining equations of the arrangements whose moduli spaces are not irreducible after taking quotients by the complex conjugation by Maple and supply some "potential Zariski pairs".


The Iteration Digraphs Of Finite Commutative Rings, Yangjiang Wei, Gaohua Tang Jan 2015

The Iteration Digraphs Of Finite Commutative Rings, Yangjiang Wei, Gaohua Tang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For a finite commutative ring $S$ (resp., a finite abelian group $S$) and a positive integer $k\geqslant2$, we construct an iteration digraph $G(S, k)$ whose vertex set is $S$ and for which there is a directed edge from $a\in S$ to $b\in S$ if $b=a^k$. We generalize some previous results of the iteration digraphs from the ring $\mathbb{Z}_n$ of integers modulo $n$ to finite commutative rings, and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for $G(S, k_1)$ and $G(S, k_2)$ to be isomorphic for any finite abelian group $S$.


Special Proper Pointwise Slant Surfaces Of A Locally Product Riemannian Manifold, Mehmet Gülbahar, Erol Kiliç, Semra Saraçoğlu Çeli̇k Jan 2015

Special Proper Pointwise Slant Surfaces Of A Locally Product Riemannian Manifold, Mehmet Gülbahar, Erol Kiliç, Semra Saraçoğlu Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The structure of pointwise slant submanifolds in an almost product Riemannian manifold is investigated and the special proper pointwise slant surfaces of a locally product manifold are introduced. A relation involving the squared mean curvature and the Gauss curvature of pointwise slant surface of a locally product manifold is proved. Two examples of proper pointwise slant surfaces of a locally product manifold, one of which is special and the other one is not special, are given.


Optimality Criteria For Sum Of Fractional Multiobjective Optimization Problem With Generalized Invexity, Deepak Bhati, Pitam Singh Jan 2015

Optimality Criteria For Sum Of Fractional Multiobjective Optimization Problem With Generalized Invexity, Deepak Bhati, Pitam Singh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The sum of a fractional program is a nonconvex optimization problem in the field of fractional programming and it is difficult to solve. The development of research is restricted to single objective sums of fractional problems only. The branch and bound methods/algorithms are developed in the literature for this problem as a single objective problem. The theoretical and algorithmic development for sums of fractional programming problems is restricted to single objective problems. In this paper, some new optimality conditions are proposed for the sum of a fractional multiobjective optimization problem with generalized invexity. The optimality conditions are obtained by using …


Stability Of Perturbed Dynamic System On Time Scales With Initial Time Difference, Coşkun Yakar, Bülent Oğur Jan 2015

Stability Of Perturbed Dynamic System On Time Scales With Initial Time Difference, Coşkun Yakar, Bülent Oğur

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The behavior of solutions of a perturbed dynamic system with respect to an original unperturbed dynamic system, which have initial time difference, are investigated on arbitrary time scales. Notions of stability, asymptotic stability, and instability with initial time difference are introduced. Sufficient conditions of stability properties are given with the help of Lyapunov-like functions.


Spherically Symmetric Finsler Metrics With Scalar Flag Curvature, Weidong Song, Fen Zhou Jan 2015

Spherically Symmetric Finsler Metrics With Scalar Flag Curvature, Weidong Song, Fen Zhou

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we study spherically symmetric Finsler metrics F= y \phi( x ,\frac{}{ y }), where x \in B^n(r) \subset R^n, y \in T_xB^n(r)\{0} and \phi:[0,r)\times R \rightarrow R. By investigating a PDE equivalent to these metrics being locally projectively flat, we manufacture projectively flat spherically symmetric Finsler metrics in terms of error functions and, using Shen's result, we give its flag curvature.


Rings With Finite Ding Homological Dimensions, Chunxia Zhang, Zhongkui Liu Jan 2015

Rings With Finite Ding Homological Dimensions, Chunxia Zhang, Zhongkui Liu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we study Ding homological dimensions of complexes. Special attention is paid to the dimensions of homologically bounded complexes that have nice functorial descriptions. These results are applied to give new characterizations of rings R such that l.Ggldim(R) < \infty and quasi-Frobenius rings.


A Note On Infinite Groups Whose Subgroups Are Close To Be Normal-By-Finite, Francesco De Giovanni, Federica Saccomanno Jan 2015

A Note On Infinite Groups Whose Subgroups Are Close To Be Normal-By-Finite, Francesco De Giovanni, Federica Saccomanno

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A group G is said to have the CF-property if the index X:X_G is finite for every subgroup X of G. Extending previous results by Buckley, Lennox, Neumann, Smith, and Wiegold, it is proven here that if G is a locally graded group whose proper subgroups have the CF-property, then G is abelian-by-finite, provided that all its periodic sections are locally finite. Groups in which all proper subgroups of infinite rank have the CF-property are also studied.


Arithmetical Rank Of The Edge Ideals Of Some N-Cyclic Graphs With A Common Edge, Guangjun Zhu, Feng Shi, Yan Gu Jan 2015

Arithmetical Rank Of The Edge Ideals Of Some N-Cyclic Graphs With A Common Edge, Guangjun Zhu, Feng Shi, Yan Gu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we present some lower bounds and upper bounds on the arithmetical rank of the edge ideals of some n-cyclic graphs with a common edge. For some special n-cyclic graphs with a common edge, we prove that the arithmetical rank equals the projective dimension of the corresponding quotient ring.


Good Modulating Sequences For The Ergodic Hilbert Transform, Azer Akhmedov, Doğan Çömez Jan 2015

Good Modulating Sequences For The Ergodic Hilbert Transform, Azer Akhmedov, Doğan Çömez

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This article investigates classes of bounded sequences of complex numbers that are universally good for the ergodic Hilbert transform in L_p-spaces, 2 \leq p \leq \infty. The class of bounded Besicovitch sequences satisfying a rate condition is among such sequence classes.