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- Keyword
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- legal measures. (1)
- Aircraft (1)
- Airports (1)
- Bird strike (1)
- Bird strike Factors (1)
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- Bird warning system (1)
- Birds (1)
- Birdstrikes (1)
- Carrion destination (1)
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- Damage (1)
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- Grass length (1)
- Gray-tailed vole (1)
- Habitat manipulation (1)
- Hazard Analysis (1)
- Herons (1)
- Landfills (1)
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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Designing A Terminal Area Bird Detection And Monitoring System Based On Asr-9 Data, Seth Troxel, Mark Isaminger, Beth Karl, Mark Weber, Arthur Levy
Designing A Terminal Area Bird Detection And Monitoring System Based On Asr-9 Data, Seth Troxel, Mark Isaminger, Beth Karl, Mark Weber, Arthur Levy
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Conflicts between birds and commercial aircraft are a noteworthy problem at both large and small airports [Cleary, 1999]. The risk factor for United States airports continues to increase due to the steady rise in take-off/landings and bird populations. There is a significant bird strike problem in the terminal area as shown by the incidents reported in the National Bird Strike Database [Cleary and Dolbeer, 1999]. The focus of bird strike mitigation in the past has centered primarily on wildlife management techniques. Recently, an Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) has been developed to reduce the risks of bird strikes to military …
Seasonality Of Bird Strikes: Towards A Behavioural Explanation, T. C. Kelly, R. Bolger, M. J. A. O'Callaghan, P. D. Bourke
Seasonality Of Bird Strikes: Towards A Behavioural Explanation, T. C. Kelly, R. Bolger, M. J. A. O'Callaghan, P. D. Bourke
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
It is well known that, at least in the Northern Hemisphere, there is a strong seasonal element in the annual pattern of bird strikes. This study undertakes a statistical analysis of an 11year data set collected at Dublin Airport, Ireland. It attempts to identify statistically significant trends in the seasonal trajectories of bird strikes, both in general and in respect of individual species and in comparison with seasonal trends in the abundance of birds generally and at Dublin Airport in particular. Hypotheses relating to the idea of “open” (i.e. intervals of through-put of naïve and young birds) and “closed” (i.e. …
Enhancements To The United States Bird Avoidance Model (Us Bam), Timothy Beermann, Matthew Bobo, Russell P. Defusco
Enhancements To The United States Bird Avoidance Model (Us Bam), Timothy Beermann, Matthew Bobo, Russell P. Defusco
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
The United States Bird Avoidance Model (US BAM) uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to analyze and correlate bird habitat, migration, and breeding characteristics with key environmental and human-made geospatial features. The application consists of raster grids covering the conterminous United States. The value for each grid pixel location is equivalent to the sum of the mean bird mass (in ounces) for all species present during one of four daily time periods (dawn, day, dusk, and night), for one of 26 two-week periods in a year. The US BAM is a desktop application that has an intuitive design and includes …
Development Of A Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Program At Langley Afb, Virginia., Ted Sprague (Maj.), Stephen Kendrot
Development Of A Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard Program At Langley Afb, Virginia., Ted Sprague (Maj.), Stephen Kendrot
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Bird and other wildlife collisions with aircraft are frequently expensive and sometimes tragic. Each year, the US Air Force (USAF) reports an average of 2772 aircraft/bird strikes costing over 35 million dollars annually. Since 1985, 17 USAF planes have been destroyed and 32 airmen have lost their lives. Accordingly, the USAF invests heavily in preventing bird strikes and requires all Air Force bases to create a Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) plan. The BASH plan is tailored to each base and identifies key wildlife hazards, tasks required to mitigate hazards and personnel to oversee and implement the plan. The installation’s …
Damage Liability And Compensation In Case Of Bird Strike, Ante Matijaca
Damage Liability And Compensation In Case Of Bird Strike, Ante Matijaca
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Most frequently, a bird strike cause damage to aircraft, and, in certain number of cases, a bird strike may have some considerably serious consequences (injuries and death of passengers, crew or third persons on a ground). In the circumstances of damage occurred, one side is entitled to demand a repair or a financial compensation, and the other side is obliged to realise the repair or the payment of the stated sum. The right to file a demand for repair or compensation depends on the result of determination of someone’s liability. In case of bird strike (either with Croatian or foreign …
Equipment For Fogging Of Rejex-It® Tp-40., Peter F. Vogt
Equipment For Fogging Of Rejex-It® Tp-40., Peter F. Vogt
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Considerable improvements have been made in the fogging application of Rejex-it® TP-40. Much has been learned about the type of fog generated by these machines and the resulting efficiency. Many foggers have been proven to deliver the product in the desired form, while others were only useful under special conditions, but no single piece of equipment is suitable for all situations. Generally, thermal foggers (e.g., Golden Eagle) produce the best fog with a good droplet size in areas where they can be employed. Their drawback for many operations by a trained technician is the noise they generate and the open …
Management Of Bird And Other Wildlife Hazards At Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu, Nepal, Bashanta Kumar Upadhyaya, Richard A. Dolbeer
Management Of Bird And Other Wildlife Hazards At Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu, Nepal, Bashanta Kumar Upadhyaya, Richard A. Dolbeer
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA), the only international airport in the Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal, is geographically situated in the middle of the country at an elevation of 4,390 feet (AMSL) in a valley surrounded by hills. The airport was in an isolated area at the time of its establishment in 1949, but now is in the middle of dense human settlement and local market places. The polluted rivers on either side of runway, un-scientific municipal solid waste management, and emergence of earthworms near the runway and taxiways after monsoon rains in late summer are some of the bird attractants. Birds …
Birds And Flight Safety Awareness In The Middle East And Africa – A Test Case, Yossi Leshem, Eli Sheirmeister (Col.)
Birds And Flight Safety Awareness In The Middle East And Africa – A Test Case, Yossi Leshem, Eli Sheirmeister (Col.)
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
In order to significantly and effectively advance the issues of flight safety and the conflict with birds we believe that we must work simultaneously on five levels:
· The experimental-research level- to provide a solid scientific basis for the actions taken.
· The application level -To assimilate and apply the conclusions of the basic research in daily actions (the yearly activity both at the CTR and throughout the entire airspace).
· The building of data bases and continuous analysis of the effectiveness of actions taken as well as analysis of changing population sizes over time.
· Continuous development of new …
Factors Influencing The Incidence Of Bird-Strikes At Melbourne Airport, 1986-2000, W. K. Steele
Factors Influencing The Incidence Of Bird-Strikes At Melbourne Airport, 1986-2000, W. K. Steele
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
The results of 149 surveys of bird species’ distribution and abundance at Melbourne Airport between January 1997 and June 2000, together with local weather information and bird-strike data were used to assess the comparative importance of a number of variables affecting the incidence of bird-strikes at the airport. At least 36 bird and bat species were involved in ‘bird-strikes’ at Melbourne Airport between 1986 and 2000, although only 11 species were involved in 10 or more incidents. The Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) presents the greatest threat of bird-strikes at Melbourne. Bird abundance and activity are important factors in determining the …
Bird Strike Risk Forecasting: A Modelling Approach, Wilhelm Ruhe
Bird Strike Risk Forecasting: A Modelling Approach, Wilhelm Ruhe
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
The German Military Geophysical Office (GMGO) issues BIRDTAM (Bird Warning to Airman) on the basis of current bird observations in order to reduce bird strike danger during low-level military missions. BIRDTAM force pilots to avoid or leave airspaces with high bird densities at the specific time period, therefore reducing bird strike danger significantly. However, BIRDTAM are depending on the actual observation of bird movements, are issued often unexpectedly, disturb the flight missions and can only display the risk situation with a validity of about 2 or 4 hours in advance. In order to be aware of possible bird related restrictions …
Wildlife Management Training – What Are You Doing?, John E. Ostrom
Wildlife Management Training – What Are You Doing?, John E. Ostrom
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
With the variety of wildlife tools in use by airports, there comes a need for training. The Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP) has developed an extensive training program for those staff members involved in wildlife management activities. This training program provides the necessary foundation for an effective wildlife management program and addresses hands-on as well as legal liability issues.
Bird Deterrence At Low Level Windshear Alert System (Llwas) Poles, Jerry Schwartz, Tom Kays
Bird Deterrence At Low Level Windshear Alert System (Llwas) Poles, Jerry Schwartz, Tom Kays
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Perching birds cause interference with data flow from the sensors used in a new version of Low Level Windshear Alert System (LLWAS). LLWAS is a US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airport, weather safety program consisting of a network of anemometers on top of tall poles used for detecting wind shear. Deadly wind shear has caused aircraft accidents with fatalities by creating a sudden loss of airspeed at low altitude upon take-off or landing. During installation of the LLWAS’s initial site at Fort Myers, FL, Turkey Vultures and Black Vultures were observed to perch on the arms of the sonic wind …
Counting Bird Strikes: Old Science Or New Math?, Gary F. Searing
Counting Bird Strikes: Old Science Or New Math?, Gary F. Searing
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Airports use bird strike statistics to determine whether or not their bird control programs are necessary and effective. For example, each year Transport Canada publishes the number of bird strikes at Canadian airports and analyzes data from airports with the most strikes. While we often relate the number of strikes to the number of aircraft movements, we seldom relate the number of strikes to the hazardous species of birds. Richard Dolbeer and his co-authors (2000) ranked species according to their hazards to aviation based on the risk of damage or effect on flight they pose. I present a method for …
A Review Of Deer Control Devices Intended For Use On Airports, Thomas W. Seamans
A Review Of Deer Control Devices Intended For Use On Airports, Thomas W. Seamans
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Deer living on airport habitats pose a direct threat to aircraft operations and to public safety. From 1990– 2000, about 520 collisions between civil aircraft and deer were reported in the USA with damage occurring in 86% of the collisions. Removal of individual deer by lethal or non-lethal means can reduce the potential for deer-aircraft collisions; however, such action is often controversial. Various items are marketed to keep deer away from airports, crops or residential areas. Some items have been tested while others have unsubstantiated claims of efficacy. This paper reviews the use of various fence designs, propane cannons, cattle …
A Revolution In Wildlife Management, Greg Winfield
A Revolution In Wildlife Management, Greg Winfield
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
At past Bird Strike Conferences, the need for having a good database to track and analyze wildlife activities has been expressed. Sadly, most airports/wildlife contractors still depend on archaic log sheets. At best, some have tapped into the limited capability of spreadsheets. Limiting yourself to this method severely restricts your abilities to track activities effectively. And if the data isn’t available then you cannot make informed decisions. Toronto’s Pearson International Airport’s Field Superintendent John Meehan put it best by saying… “I cannot imagine any airport trying to oversee wildlife initiatives without an effective data analysis tool…it would be meaningless…”. If …
An Analysis Of Deer Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Usa, 1982-2000, Sandra E. Wright
An Analysis Of Deer Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Usa, 1982-2000, Sandra E. Wright
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Wright et al. (1988) stated that although deer strikes comprise only about 2% of total reported wildlife strikes, 86% of those strikes damaged the aircraft. Dolbeer et al. (2000) ranked deer as the most hazardous species to aircraft based on damage and effect-on-flight. On January 14, 2001, a Learjet collided with two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on an airport in Troy, Alabama. Both pilots were critically injured and would have perished in the fire that destroyed the aircraft if rescuers had not arrived quickly. The above example of a damaging wildlife strike to an aircraft is not uncommon. Wildlife strikes …
The Costs Of Birdstrikes To Commercial Aviation, John R. Allan, Alex P. Orosz
The Costs Of Birdstrikes To Commercial Aviation, John R. Allan, Alex P. Orosz
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Collisions between birds (and other wildlife) and aircraft are known to cause substantial losses to the aviation industry in terms of damage and delays every year. Techniques exist to control bird numbers on airfields and hence to reduce the numbers of wildlife strikes but they are applied at widely different levels from airport to airport. Some of this variation may be due to differing levels of strike risk at the different sites, but much of it is due to the unwillingness or inability of the airports concerned to invest in birdstrike prevention. Part of the reason for this reluctance to …
Successful Actions For Avian Hazard Control In Brazil, Luiz Cláudio Magalhães Bastos (Maj.)
Successful Actions For Avian Hazard Control In Brazil, Luiz Cláudio Magalhães Bastos (Maj.)
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Brazil built one of the world’s largest aeronautical infrastructure. The airport net is distributed along its vast territory, which shows a tremendous ecosystem variety. Having a large civilian aircraft fleet and also running second after Venezuela in catalogued bird species, Brazil has had problems related to bird strikes. Although Brazil has little problem with migratory birds, the threat posed by residents birds in some airports represents a risk to be managed. On the other hand, due to human population growth and poor policies of garbage disposal in the past, nowadays some big airports have in their vicinities open dumps that …
Bird Control On Landfill Sites– Is There Still A Hazard To Your Aircraft?, Andy Baxter
Bird Control On Landfill Sites– Is There Still A Hazard To Your Aircraft?, Andy Baxter
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Birds attracted to domestic waste landfill sites situated close to airfields may represent a significant flight safety hazard. Local planning controls may be used to prevent the establishment of such sites or to enforce bird control measures as part of site management plans. Different bird control techniques may have different levels of effectiveness and little consideration is given to the period of time (Dawn to dusk or operational hours), over which they are applied. CSL is currently undertaking a four year study to evaluate bird control techniques on landfill sites in the UK. The following paper shows how bird control …
The Need For A Radar-Based, Operational Bird Warning System For Civil Aviation, Hans Blokpoel, B. Mackinnon
The Need For A Radar-Based, Operational Bird Warning System For Civil Aviation, Hans Blokpoel, B. Mackinnon
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Serious multi-engine strikes on civil aviation aircraft continue to occur despite bird control efforts at and around airports. Radar-based bird warning systems currently used in military aviation are largely unsuitable for operational use in civil aviation because of the considerable constraints and inflexibility inherent in civil aviation operations. Pilots of civil aviation aircraft need to get timely, pertinent information on bird hazards, complete with options on how to minimize the associated risk. Recent advances in the design of radars and computers allow for the development of a real-time radar-based system to detect and warn of high-risk situations involving birds. High-risk …
U.S. Fish And Wildlife Migratory Bird Permits And Airports, Marlys J. Bulander
U.S. Fish And Wildlife Migratory Bird Permits And Airports, Marlys J. Bulander
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) protects over 800 species of migratory birds, their nests and eggs. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has been mandated by this Act to provide this protection and to facilitate exceptions to the prohibitions of the Act by issuing permits for specific and justifiable activies involving migratory birds. Regulations covering permits can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 50. 50 CFR 10 will provide you with definitions and a list of all birds protected under the Act, 50 CFR 13 provides information on applying, renewing, amending, etc., and 50 …
Let No New Thing Arise: Wildlife Hazards To Aviation, Paul Eschenfelder (Capt.)
Let No New Thing Arise: Wildlife Hazards To Aviation, Paul Eschenfelder (Capt.)
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Aviation today faces another, new, thing: wildlife hazards. Since 1995 we have, worldwide, over 90 people dead from collisions between their aircraft and wildlife. It is truly a worldwide problem: the General of the Air Force in India worries about elephants on his runways; flamingos cause engine failure on a wide body aircraft in Kenya; Lan Chile has 2 B767s with destroyed engines in one week in Santiago due to bird ingestion; the Israeli Air Force has lost more aircraft to bird strikes than to air-air combat; an Air Ontario twin turboprop has both props shattered at Toronto City after …
Elmendorf Afb Bash Program, Robert J. Hahn , Capt, Usaf
Elmendorf Afb Bash Program, Robert J. Hahn , Capt, Usaf
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Elmendorf AFB, located in Anchorage, Alaska, is home to over 60 aircraft to include F-15s, C-130’s, E- 3’s, C-12s, and Army Citations. In addition, it’s a major hub for both military and contract strategic airlift enroute to the Pacific. The large airspace training areas make Alaska an ideal environment suitable for large scale flying exercises. The result is several different types of aircraft from military sister services and foreign countries based out of Elmendorf throughout the year. Overlay the tremendous volume of air traffic on the huge numbers of birds in a confined area and your bound to have collision …
Effectiveness Of Gas Cannons On The Bird Community At Sydney Airport, Aimee Hutchinson
Effectiveness Of Gas Cannons On The Bird Community At Sydney Airport, Aimee Hutchinson
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Bird control takes many forms and can include the use of gas cannons to scare birds away from noncompatible land uses such as airports. Birds Australia designed and implemented this study to assess the effectiveness of the Gas Cannon as a bird deterrent at Sydney Airport. The cannons were used in two ways: statically (set up at one location) and opportunistically (transported to a particular location in response to bird events, such as birds congregating on runways). Effectiveness was measured quantitatively during the static trial by comparing the number of birds in the vicinity of the cannons, during pre-treatment and …
All Birds Are Not Created Equal: Risk Assessment And Prioritization Of Wildlife Hazards At Airfields, Nicholas B. Carter
All Birds Are Not Created Equal: Risk Assessment And Prioritization Of Wildlife Hazards At Airfields, Nicholas B. Carter
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
In order to most effectively control wildlife at an airfield, airport managers must first identify and prioritize the hazards posed by the different species present in their environment. A formula including ten primary risk factors is presented in order to determine the relative threat posed by individual species or groups of similar species. The ten primary risk factors are:
1) The overall population of the wildlife species (in total number of individuals)
2) The size (mass and surface area) of an individual animal within the species
3) The average number of animals encountered (i.e. average group size)
4) The amount …
Avian Foraging Behaviors And Habitat Manipulation At Portland International Airport, Janina M. Lamb
Avian Foraging Behaviors And Habitat Manipulation At Portland International Airport, Janina M. Lamb
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Between January 1996 and May 2001 more than 300 bird strikes occurred at Portland International Airport. Records indicate that herons and raptors consistently make up nearly one-half of species struck. These species regularly use the airport grassland as a foraging ground, feeding on ground-dwelling rodents, including the graytailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) and vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans). As part of a current study, various manipulations are being made to the grassland habitat and an assessment will be conducted of their effects on the airfield rodent and avian predator populations. This study will specifically correlate the presence and behaviors of predatory birds …
German Bird Strike Statistics, Christoph Morgenroth-Branczyk
German Bird Strike Statistics, Christoph Morgenroth-Branczyk
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Since 1998 the DAVVL has been the official collecting centre for bird strike reports in Germany. Thanks to the voluntary supply of reports from airlines the DAVVL had been collecting reliable data even for many more years even before 1998. The typical annual variations of the bird strike development are well known. In 1999 and 2000 there were distinct deviations from the usual annual variations of the reports. The reasons are investigated and presented. It might be concluded that in 1999 reporting problems of a prominent German airline were the reason of the anomalous trend. In 2000 the weather development …
Fogging Of Rejex-It® Tp-40. Effectiveness As A Function Of Droplet Size To Repel Birds, Peter F. Vogt
Fogging Of Rejex-It® Tp-40. Effectiveness As A Function Of Droplet Size To Repel Birds, Peter F. Vogt
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
Fogging of Rejex-it® TP-40 (Fog Force) offers a very efficient method for the management of nuisance birds in many diverse areas without any adverse effects to non-target animals. Despite its effectiveness, there are many factors that influence the effectiveness and desired results. The product alone does not guarantee the desired success. It is not always the quantity that determines fast reaction, but more the form for the specific application. Smaller droplets in the 10-micron range are theoretically 27 times more effective than 30 micron droplets and five micron droplets even 216 times more effective for the same quantity of product …
Nocturnal Bird-Avoidance Modeling With Mobile-Marine Radar, Edward J. Zakrajsek, John A. Bissonette
Nocturnal Bird-Avoidance Modeling With Mobile-Marine Radar, Edward J. Zakrajsek, John A. Bissonette
2001 Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB
To develop a bird-avoidance model for Naval Air Facility El Centro, California, we used a modified marine-radar system to quantify nocturnal (sunset to midnight) bird movements in the area. Previous birdradar studies relied on visual monitoring of the radar screen for data collection. This study represents the first use of computer-aided image analysis of marine-radar bird-data. Radar images were automatically captured, analyzed, and archived with a personal computer. The image analysis eliminated ground clutter, calculated the sample area, identified bird targets, and categorized them into three relative size classes. This made data collection more uniform by eliminating observer bias. We …