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1998

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Physical Chemistry

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Effect Of Suspended Particles On The Corrosion Resistance Of Electrodeposited Zinc Powders, Qingwen Li, Qing Yang, Xi Xia Nov 1998

The Effect Of Suspended Particles On The Corrosion Resistance Of Electrodeposited Zinc Powders, Qingwen Li, Qing Yang, Xi Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc powders were electrodeposited from ZnCl 2 baths with containing suspension of unsoluble particles such as graphite, PbO 2,SnO 2,TiO 2, SiO 2 etc.. The structure, morphology and corrosion behavior of zinc powder were analyzed. SEM results showed that the dendritic growth of zinc can be inhibited by applying the suspension method. Suspension of PbO 2, SnO 2, TiO 2, SiO 2 and In 2O 3 could greatly improve the corrosion protection of zinc powder in 5 mol/L KOH. In addition, fractal theory is employed to further explain the results.

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Primary Research Of Reversible Proton Exchange Membrane Regenerative Fuel Cells, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Ming Han Nov 1998

Primary Research Of Reversible Proton Exchange Membrane Regenerative Fuel Cells, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Ming Han

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, we report the results of our studies on regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell(RPEMRFC) catalysts, electrode preparation and their performances. The Pt catalyst for the oxygen electrode was replaced by 60 w%Pt+40 w%IrO 2 which reduces polarization by 0.2 V in a polymer protone exchange membrane fuel cell. The cycle performance of RPEMRFC was found to be manly effected by the stability of the diffiusion layer of bifunctional oxygen electrode.

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Oxygen Evolution Behavour On Ni Electrode In Koh Solution, Xiaoyan Cao, Huatang Yuan, Zuoxiang Zhang Yunshi Zhou Nov 1998

Oxygen Evolution Behavour On Ni Electrode In Koh Solution, Xiaoyan Cao, Huatang Yuan, Zuoxiang Zhang Yunshi Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The steady_state polarization curves of oxygen evolution were measured at temperatures between 22～70 ℃ on Ni electrode in 30 wt.% KOH solution by galvanostat methode. The exchange current densities, Tafel slopes and transfer coefficients were studied. It was found that 40 ℃ is a special temperature, near which the kinetic parameters change abrupdy. The Tafel slopes for oxygen evolution reactions at higher overpotentials change from more than 120 mV to about 70 mV when the temperature raises to 40～70 ℃ from 22～35 ℃. Simultaneously, the heat of activation is changes from 79.88 kJ/mol to 55.32 kJ/mol. Moreover, the -(η/Τ) i …

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Electrochemical Investigation Of Effect Of Br - On Redox Behavior Of (Tpp)Co, Chuanwei Yan, Haichao Lin Nov 1998

Electrochemical Investigation Of Effect Of Br - On Redox Behavior Of (Tpp)Co, Chuanwei Yan, Haichao Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The effect of Br - anion on electrochemical behavior of (TPP)Co was investigated in 1,2 dichloroethane solution by microelectrode and thin layer cyclic voltammetry technique. It was found that the axially coordination of one Br - anion to (TPP)Co(Ⅲ)(Br -) 2 shifts the potential of porphyrin system to more positive value. The reduction peak of 0.12 V(vs.SCE) is attributed to the reduction of (TPP)Co(Ⅲ)(Br -). It is also postulated that the reduction of (TPP)Co(Ⅲ)(Br -) 2 occurred at a more negative potential where the reduction of the Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅰ) process happened.

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Studies On The Inclusion Behavior Of Cyclodextrins With Ketoprofen By Electrochemical Methods, Jun Gu, Yong Zhang, Jinhao Pan Nov 1998

Studies On The Inclusion Behavior Of Cyclodextrins With Ketoprofen By Electrochemical Methods, Jun Gu, Yong Zhang, Jinhao Pan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The influences of cyclodextrins and their derivatives on the electrochemical behavior of ketoprofen were studied. The inclusion constants of ketoprofen with β CD,HP β CD and methyl β CD and the influences of temperature on the inclusion actions were also investigated. The inclusion phenomena is explained with the thermodynamics parameters of the inclusion complexes.

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Corrosion Characteristics Of Electrodeposited Ni Mo P Alloy Immersed In Nacl Solution, Yue Zeng, Hongxin Huang, Xiaoming Xiao, Shixun Lian Nov 1998

Corrosion Characteristics Of Electrodeposited Ni Mo P Alloy Immersed In Nacl Solution, Yue Zeng, Hongxin Huang, Xiaoming Xiao, Shixun Lian

Journal of Electrochemistry

The corrosion characteristics of electrodeposited Ni Mo P alloy immersed in 5wt.% NaCl solution were investigated using immersion, anodic polarization curves, XPS and AES analysis. The corrosion rates of amorphous Ni Mo P alloys are lower than that of crystalline Ni Mo P alloys. Anodic polarization curve experiments show that for the electrodeposited Ni Mo P alloys, the nickel mol fraction of which has in between 0.719 and 0.868, the corrosion potential moves to positive with the increase of P content, and the peak current value of active region increase with the increase of Mo content in alloys, though the …

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The Study On The Performance Of Mcfc Matrix Prepared By Flow Cast, Huaxin Lin, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Tianxi Qu, Enjun Zhang, Lianyin Kong, Yingcai Chen Nov 1998

The Study On The Performance Of Mcfc Matrix Prepared By Flow Cast, Huaxin Lin, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Tianxi Qu, Enjun Zhang, Lianyin Kong, Yingcai Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The matrix for MCFC were prepared by flow cast technique which gives reproducible and reliable results. Its mean pore radius is about 0.18 μm, and the porosity is about 65%. The performance of MCFC stacked with this type of matrix is 0.854 V at 200 mA/cm 2.

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The Study Of Poly [N (3 Ferrocene Acetamino Propyl Pyrrole] Film Modified Glucose Electrode, Chengyun Tian, Jing Chen, Li Zhang Nov 1998

The Study Of Poly [N (3 Ferrocene Acetamino Propyl Pyrrole] Film Modified Glucose Electrode, Chengyun Tian, Jing Chen, Li Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A poly [N (3 ferrocene acetamino propyl pyrrole)]film modified electrode was fabricated and studied by cyclic voltammetric method. The result shows that the modified electrode can give stable redox peaks of ferrocene, and an obvious catalytic peak due to glucose; This modified electrode was used to tabricate a glucose sensor which operates at +0.2 V, so that the ascorbic acid or uric acid doesn't affect the accuracy detection of glucose concentration. The sensor has a linear range of 0.1～10 mmol/L glucose, which the period of long term stability and response time of the sensor are about ten days and 2 …

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Study On The Ti/Sno 2/Pbo 2 Anode In Sulphuric Acid Solution, Yaogang Li, Yanpin Shun, Wenlin Xu Nov 1998

Study On The Ti/Sno 2/Pbo 2 Anode In Sulphuric Acid Solution, Yaogang Li, Yanpin Shun, Wenlin Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Ti/SnO 2/PbO 2 electrode, prepared by the electrodeposition method, was tested as the anode for the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 mol/L H 2SO 4 solution and examined by means of EDS, SEM and XRD. The electrocatalytic activity and the electrochemical stability of the prepared electrode were found to be superior.

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Study On Ni Co S Mo Alloys New Cathode Material For Aquous Electrolysis, Yuanshou Xie, Quanfeng Liu Nov 1998

Study On Ni Co S Mo Alloys New Cathode Material For Aquous Electrolysis, Yuanshou Xie, Quanfeng Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The parameters of electrodeposion of Ni Co S Mo alloy were studied. The experimental results indicate that the electrodeposition alloy shows high catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction, as well as better mechanical strength and higher chemical stability. The mechanism of catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on this type of alloy electrode was also investigated by means of polarization curve and cyclic voltametry.

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The Latest World Wide Progress In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Jiang Yi Nov 1998

The Latest World Wide Progress In Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Jiang Yi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) is a novel, green electricity generation technology, which has been showing rapid development since 1980's. In light of its high efficiency, environmental friendly, fuel adaptability and long term stability, the Research, Development and Demonstration(RD&D) of this hype of full cell have been emphasized in a large number of developed countries. Based on the information communicated at the latest symposium on SOFC held last year in Aachen(Germany) and the knowledge gained through years of research in this field, a comprehensive review on the latest development of the tubular, this planar SOFC as well as on a number …

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A Preliminary Study Of The Synthesis Of Tin Based Amorphous Material And Its Behavior On Lithium Intercalation, Li Liu, Hanxi Yang, Jutang Sun, Xingping Ai Nov 1998

A Preliminary Study Of The Synthesis Of Tin Based Amorphous Material And Its Behavior On Lithium Intercalation, Li Liu, Hanxi Yang, Jutang Sun, Xingping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

An amorphous lithium inserting anode material based on Tin oxide glass was synthesized by salification in solution and its properties on lithium intercalation was investigated by X ray diffraction(XRD), microelectrode voltammetry and charge discharge measurements. The results have shown that this kind of material has considerable electrochemical reversibility toward lithium intercalation deintercalation. The available discharge capacity of the material reaches 430 mA·h/g with charge_discharge efficiency over 90%, showing a great potential for practical use.

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Studies Of Spinal Li 1+X Mn 2-X O 4 Rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery, Xiaomei Wu, Qinghe Yang, Zhongkao Jin, Haoqing Wu, Xiangfu Zong Nov 1998

Studies Of Spinal Li 1+X Mn 2-X O 4 Rechargeable Lithium Ion Battery, Xiaomei Wu, Qinghe Yang, Zhongkao Jin, Haoqing Wu, Xiangfu Zong

Journal of Electrochemistry

The spinel Li intercalation compound Li 1+ x Mn 2- x O 4(0< x <1) was prepared by using techniques of cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical parameters of Li 1+ x Mn 2- x O 4 electrode vary as either the starting materials or the synthesis temperature changes. It was found that the initial capacity and reversible behaviors of the Li 1+ x Mn 2- x O 4 electrode depends on the amount of the excess Li, represented as x in Li 1+ x Mn 2- x O 4. The reversible of Li intercalation process for Li 1+ x Mn 2- x O 4 electrode was demonstrate by cyclic voltammograms.

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Study Of The Effect Of Rare Earth Ions On Dna Using Cyclic Voltammetry And Spectroscopy, Heibai Shen, Yuzhuan Kang, Haifeng Yang, Lin Yu, Zongrang Zhang Nov 1998

Study Of The Effect Of Rare Earth Ions On Dna Using Cyclic Voltammetry And Spectroscopy, Heibai Shen, Yuzhuan Kang, Haifeng Yang, Lin Yu, Zongrang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The interaction between rare earth ions(e.g.Eu 3+ ,Ce 3+ ,Er 3+ ,Sm 3+ ,Tb 3+ ,La 3+ and Nd 3+ ) and DNA had been investigated by using Cyclic Voltammetry, Ultraviolet and Raman Spectroscopy. After the adding of Ce 3+ ion to DNA solution, the cathodic peak current of Ce 3+ ion reduction was found to decrease obviously, and the anodic peak current to decrease even more significantly. Differential UV spectra of Ce 3+ ion depicted hyperchromic effect after the reaction of these two species and a new peak of 272 nm was found. Differential UV spectra of DNA also …

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Drect Electro_Oxidation Synthesis Of D Arabinose On Spectroscopic Graphite Electrode, Hei Wei, Huang Ying Nov 1998

Drect Electro_Oxidation Synthesis Of D Arabinose On Spectroscopic Graphite Electrode, Hei Wei, Huang Ying

Journal of Electrochemistry

D Arabinose synthesized by direct electro_oxidative decarboxylation of D gluconate on graphite electrode from aqueous solutions. The effects of D gluconate concentration, electrolysis potential, temperature and electrolyte composition on the current efficiency and product yield of electrosynthsis are discussed. The laboratory scale electrosynthesis was achieved with flow through cell.The optimum technology conditions for electrosynthesis were obtained with orthogonal design method.Both galvanostatic and potentionstatic conditions have been exploited, the later was found to be more effective.

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Study On Electrosynthesis Of Butyl Butyrate At Conducting Oxide Anode Support On Titanium, Junxiang He, Jincheng Zhou Nov 1998

Study On Electrosynthesis Of Butyl Butyrate At Conducting Oxide Anode Support On Titanium, Junxiang He, Jincheng Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Synthesis of butyl butyrate by direct electroxidation of n butyl alcohol and the electrochemical behaviors of several selected conducting oxide electrodes (Pb/PbO 2、Ti/PbO 2、i/SnO 2 +Sb 2O 3 /PbO 2 and Ti/SnO 2+Sb 2O 3+PdO x/PbO 2) have been investigated. The results demonstrated that the intermediate layers of SnO 2、Sb 2O 3 and PdO x could significantly decrease the interfacial resistance of the electrodes,and that the Ti/SnO 2+Sb 2O 3+PdO x/PbO 2 electrode possessed better electrocatelytic performance than others.

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Photofragmentation Of Third-Row Hydrides Following Photoexcitation At Deep-Core Levels, D. Hansen, M. E. Arrasate, J. Cotter, G. R. Fisher, Oliver Hemmers, K. T. Leung, Jon C. Levin, R. Martin, Paul Neill, Rupert C. Perera, I. A. Sellin, Marc Simon, Y. Uehara, B. Vanderford, S. B. Whitfield, Dennis W. Lindle Nov 1998

Photofragmentation Of Third-Row Hydrides Following Photoexcitation At Deep-Core Levels, D. Hansen, M. E. Arrasate, J. Cotter, G. R. Fisher, Oliver Hemmers, K. T. Leung, Jon C. Levin, R. Martin, Paul Neill, Rupert C. Perera, I. A. Sellin, Marc Simon, Y. Uehara, B. Vanderford, S. B. Whitfield, Dennis W. Lindle

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

The relaxation dynamics of HCl, DCl, H2S, and D2S following photoexcitation in the vicinities of the Cl and S K-shell thresholds (∼2.8keV for Cl, ∼2.5 keV for S) were studied by means of ion time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. In all cases, the onset of pre-edge core-shell photoionization precedes the formation on resonance of a significant amount of neutral hydrogen as well as postcollision-interaction effects above threshold. Examination of the width of the H+ peak in spectra taken with the analyzer parallel and perpendicular to the polarization vector of the incident light indicates that on resonance, the …

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High-Resolution Electron Time-Of-Flight Apparatus For The Soft-X-Ray Region, Oliver Hemmers, S. B. Whitfield, P. Glans, H. Wang, Dennis W. Lindle, R. Wehlitz, I. A. Sellin Nov 1998

High-Resolution Electron Time-Of-Flight Apparatus For The Soft-X-Ray Region, Oliver Hemmers, S. B. Whitfield, P. Glans, H. Wang, Dennis W. Lindle, R. Wehlitz, I. A. Sellin

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

A gas-phase time-of-flight (TOF) apparatus, capable of supporting as many as six electron-TOF analyzers viewing the same interaction region, has been developed to measure energy- and angle-resolved electrons with kinetic energies up to 5 keV. Each analyzer includes a newly designed lens system that can retard electrons to about 2% of their initial kinetic energy without significant loss of transmission; the analyzers can thus achieve a resolving power (E/ΔE) greater than 104 over a wide kinetic-energy range. Such high resolving power is comparable to the photon energy resolution of state-of-the-art synchrotron–radiation beamlines in the soft …

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Auger Resonance Decay Process In Ar 2p Shell Excitation And Ionization, Y. Lu, Wayne C. Stolte, J.A. R. Samson Oct 1998

Auger Resonance Decay Process In Ar 2p Shell Excitation And Ionization, Y. Lu, Wayne C. Stolte, J.A. R. Samson

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The production and subsequent autoionization of the Ar+ (1D2)6d1 satellite state that is formed either by shake-up or recapture during the Auger decay of a 2p vacancy in Ar has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy in the energy region from 243 to 256 eV. The creation of near zero energy electrons below and immediately above the Ar 2p ionization threshold is discussed. Some ambiguous points in previous studies are clarified.

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Chemical Modification Of Cvd Diamond Electrodes, Robert Matthew Johnson Oct 1998

Chemical Modification Of Cvd Diamond Electrodes, Robert Matthew Johnson

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The micro-array behavior of boron doped CVD diamond thin film electrodes has been studied in acetonitrile containing two redox couples. The analytical technique employed in these studies was cyclic voltammetry. One system is 0.4 mM ferrocene containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAH). This reversible redox system is not only well-known, but also involves only one electron transfer with no breakage/formation of chemical bonds, thus making it a simple system for analysis. The second test is 0.8 mM cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate, with 0.4 mM ferrocene as an internal standard. Unlike ferrocene, which is neutral initially, cobaltocenium is positively charged, and is reduced …

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Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw Sep 1998

Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Prospects Of Electrochemistry, Katsumi Niki Aug 1998

Prospects Of Electrochemistry, Katsumi Niki

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

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Electrochemical Behavior Of Chemically Prepared Ring-Substituted Polyanilines, Lizong Dai, Huihuang Wu Aug 1998

Electrochemical Behavior Of Chemically Prepared Ring-Substituted Polyanilines, Lizong Dai, Huihuang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

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Direct Electrochemical Reaction Of Cytochrome C At The Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Film Modified Gold Electrodes, Xiaogang Qu, Gongquan Sun Aug 1998

Direct Electrochemical Reaction Of Cytochrome C At The Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Film Modified Gold Electrodes, Xiaogang Qu, Gongquan Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the direct electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c was sudied at the poly (ethylene oxide) film modified gold electrodes. It was found the PEO is a good promoter for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome c, and the reversibility of reaction of cytochrome c was found to depend on the molecular weight of PEO and the morphology of the PEO films.

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Modification Of Carbon Anode Materials Of Lithium Ion Secondary Battery, Yuping Wan Chunrong Wu, Changyin Jiang, Jiangiun Li Aug 1998

Modification Of Carbon Anode Materials Of Lithium Ion Secondary Battery, Yuping Wan Chunrong Wu, Changyin Jiang, Jiangiun Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, the latest research work on modification of carbon anode materials of lithium ion secondary battery is reviewed. Modification methods include: incorporation of nonmetal elements such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, metal elements such as potassium, aluminum, gallium and transitional metal elements such as vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper and iron and surface treatment such as oxidation and formation of surface layer. Since these methods can affect the carbon materials' electronics state, crystal structure and surface structure, the electrochemical properties of the carbon materials could probably be improved. Besides, mechanisms for lithium storage in carbonaceous materials are …

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External Transducing Measurement Of The Internal Pressure In Sealed Battery By Resistance Strain Gauge, Hanxi Yang, Ronghui Hu, Xinping Ai, Congzhi Yang, Shengxian Li Aug 1998

External Transducing Measurement Of The Internal Pressure In Sealed Battery By Resistance Strain Gauge, Hanxi Yang, Ronghui Hu, Xinping Ai, Congzhi Yang, Shengxian Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel method to monitor dynamically the internal pressure of sealed battery with no damage of the battery by using of resistance strain measurement technique is presented. This technique employs the resistence strain gauges in touch of the battery case and to detect the minimal change in the battery deformation due to the increasing internal pressure, electrode expantion or intrenal temperature rise. Application of the technique for the study of the effects of the battery processing factors on the battery performance is described taking Ni MH battery as example.

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Lithiun Insertion In Carbon Nanotubes, Guotao Wu, Chunsheng Wang, Zhongfu Qi, Wenzhu Li Aug 1998

Lithiun Insertion In Carbon Nanotubes, Guotao Wu, Chunsheng Wang, Zhongfu Qi, Wenzhu Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Carbon nanotubes were produced by chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of acetylene under hydrogen gas.The reversible specific capacity of carbon nanotubes is up to 700 mAh/g, much higher than the theoretical specific capacity of graphite(372 mAh/g).After twenty charge/discharge cycles,the discharge capacity of carbon nanotube anode still maintains 65.3% of its original discharge capacity . Besides, the charge/discharge efficiency of carbon nanotube in the first charge/discharge cycle was found to improve from 42.6% up to 55.9% by coating carbon nanotubes with copper.

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Electrooxidation Of Benzene To Benzoquinone In A Packed Bed Reactor, Xinsheng Zhang, Ping Ding, Yingchun Dai, Weikang Yuan Aug 1998

Electrooxidation Of Benzene To Benzoquinone In A Packed Bed Reactor, Xinsheng Zhang, Ping Ding, Yingchun Dai, Weikang Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

A packed electrode reactor was used to oxidize to benzoquinone. Anode bed of the reactor has a size of 10～30 mm×450 mm×50 mm(thickness×length×width),and was packed porous lead alloy. A dispersion of benzene in 1 mol/L aqueous sulfuric acid was passed through the reactor. Current efficiency for benzoquinone generation is 62.9% at optimal operating condition: velocity of electrolyte flow, 0.19 ms -1 ;current, 10 A; thickness of anode bed, 10 mm, and percentage of benzene, 24%.

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Study Of Electrocrystallized N(N≥40) Multilayers In Boric Acid Solution, Renhe Yin, Wenguang Shi, Weimin Cao Aug 1998

Study Of Electrocrystallized N(N≥40) Multilayers In Boric Acid Solution, Renhe Yin, Wenguang Shi, Weimin Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Co(0.5 nm～2.2 nm)/Pt(2.0 nm)] n(n>40) multilayers were prepared by electrocrystallization on copper and glass carbon with a dual cell technique under potential control.The periodical modulated structure of the multilayers was demonstrated by the low angle X ray diffraction. Potential shift negative to the deposition potential of the Co layer and positive to the deposition potential of the Pt layer decreased the value of the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of first Bragg Peak.CoPt 3 alloy was found as the interface of the multilayers by the middle angle X ray diffraction.The hysteresis loops show that the easy magnetization of these …

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Electrochemical Determination Of Trace Amouns Of Gold(Ⅲ)By Cathodic Sptripping Voltammetry Using A Carborn Paste Electroele Modified With Bacteria, Rongzong Hu, Hao Xu, Jinkun Fu, Wenyun Hu, Yanzhen Chen Aug 1998

Electrochemical Determination Of Trace Amouns Of Gold(Ⅲ)By Cathodic Sptripping Voltammetry Using A Carborn Paste Electroele Modified With Bacteria, Rongzong Hu, Hao Xu, Jinkun Fu, Wenyun Hu, Yanzhen Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

An electrochemically pretreated carbon paste electrode modified with bacteria has been studied and used for determination of trace amounts of gold(Ⅲ). A detection limit of 1 ng/mL was obtained by applying cathodic stripping valtammetry. There is a linear relationship between the concentration and peak height in the range of 10～100 μg/mL. The ralative standard deviation of the response to 84.7 μg/mL Au(Ⅲ) is 3.43%.

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