Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Emisja Metali Ciężkich Ze Spalania Odpadów Niebezpiecznych, Robert Oleniacz, Marian Mazur, Marek Bogacki

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of measurements of air emissions of heavy metals from hazardous waste incineration in a multiple hearth furnace and a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with a single wet flue gas cleaning systems. In the multiple hearth furnace an industrial sewage sludge (from coke industry) was being incinerated. In the rotary kiln such wastes were being incinerated as: waste paints, varnish and lubricant, coal tars waste, contaminated cleaning rags, sawdust and used gloves, waste resins and plastics, rubber waste, outdated pharmaceuticals and medicines, and hospital waste. The research allowed us to determine the levels of pollutant concentrations …

Module Embedding, Atanas Radenski

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

This paper proposes a code reuse mechanism called module embedding that enables the building of new modules from existing ones through inheritance, overriding of procedures, and overriding of types; the paper also describes an implementation scheme for this mechanism. Module embedding is beneficial when modules and classes are used in combination and need to be extended together, or when modules are more appropriate medium than classes.

Zastosowanie Modelu "Skrzynki" Do Oceny Poziomu Stężeń Zanieczyszczeń Komunikacyjnych W Przyziemnej Warstwie Atmosfery, Marek Bogacki, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Road transport is an essential source of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and reactive hydrocarbons (RHC) emissions to atmosphere. Quantity and chemical constitution of emitted substances and meteorological conditions determine the level of ozon (O3) concentration forming as a result of photochemical reactions. The method presented in the paper consists in designation of quantity and chemical constitution of substances emitted from mo-bile sources and special mathematical modeling of physical and chemical transformations that take place in the lowest atmospheric layer.

English title: The use of box model to estimate the size of traffic pollutant concentrations in the lowest atmospheric …

New Topologies And Parallel Algorithms For Static Interconnection Networks., Srabani Sen Gupta Dr.

Doctoral Theses

Many real-life applications in the areas of signal processing, image processing, etc., require a large amount of fast computations to be performed. Although high speed powerful processors are currently available due to the phenomenal advances in VLSI technology, the increasing demand for massive real-time computations can not be met just by a uniprocessor system. One way of achieving the goal of fast computation is through parallel processing. In parallel processing, a problem is broken into several subproblems, which are distributed among different processors so that each of the processors can perform its task simultaneously. Main areas of recent research in …

Assessment Of The Record Of The 1982 El Chichón Eruption As Preserved In Greenland Snow, Gregory A. Zielinski, Jack E. Dibb, Qinzhao Yang, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Sallie Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Mark S. Germani

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Variability in the SO 4 2 - and Cl⁻ time series for the 1980s from 12 shallow snow pits across the Greenland ice sheet is used to evaluate the record of the 1982 El Chichón eruption and the potential for recording a moderate northern equatorial eruption in a single Greenland ice core. Composition of volcanic glass found in spring 1983 snow in one of the pits in the Summit region matches that from El Chichón glass, thereby verifying the deposition of material from the eruption. High Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations in this same layer probably represent deposition …

Observation Of The Plasma Channel Dynamics And Coulomb Explosion In The Interaction Of A High-Intensity Laser Pulse With A He Gas Jet, G.S. Sarkisov, V. Yu. Bychenkov, V.T. Tikhonchuk, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Shouyuan Chen, R. Wagner, G. Mourou, Donald P. Umstadter

Donald Umstadter Publications

We report the first interferometric observations of the dynamics of electron–ion cavitation of relativistically self-focused intense 4 TW, 400 fs laser pulse in a He gas jet. The electron density in a channel 1 mm long and 30 mm in diameter drops by a factor of approximately 10 from the maximum value of ~8x10¹⁹ cm²³. A high radial velocity of the plasma expansion, ~3.8x10⁸ cm/s, corresponding to an ion energy of about 300 keV, is observed. The total energy of fast ions is estimated to be 6% of the laser pulse energy. The high-velocity radial plasma …

On The Strain-Rate Sensitivity Of Columnar Ice, M. E. Manley, E. M. Schulson

Dartmouth Scholarship

A power law relation between stress and strain rate of the form σ ∝ ε̇1/n was used to describe the response to strain rate of S1 ice loaded across the columns at -10°C. The rate exponent, n, decreased with increasing strain from about 4.6 at an observed peak on the load displacement curve to approximately 2.6 at a shortening of 2%. Analysis of these results and of the results of other authors on different forms of ice deformed at the same temperature suggests that the power law exponent, n, is proportional to Fc/Fg. The parameter Fc/Fg is the far-field basal …

Some Problems In Estimating Finite Population Total And Variance In Survey Sampling., Saswati Bhattacharya Dr.

Doctoral Theses

The problem of drawing inference concerning the parameters of a finite population of identifiable units has been increasingly engaging the attention of statisticians. The central problem here is to devise a suitable method of selecting a sample from the population and to employ an appropriate estimator to estimate the finite population total or mean. A consider- able progress in this field of study has been made and many authors have contributed towards the development of the theory in this aspect of the problem of statistical inferenceNumerous papers have been written covering the first aspect of the problem, namely, method of …

Distributions Of Beryllium 7 And Lead 2109, And Soluble Aerosol-Associated Ionic Species Over The Western Pacific: Pem West B, February-March 1994, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, Barry Lefer, Eric Scheuer, G L. Gregory, E V. Browell, J D. Bradshaw, S T. Sandholm, H B. Singh

Earth Sciences

Aerosol sampling for the determination of the concentrations of soluble ionic species and the natural radionuclides ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb was conducted from the NASA DC-8 over the western Pacific as part of GTE/PEM-West B during February-March 1994. Concentrations of most soluble ionic species in the free troposphere were higher in samples collected on flights originating from Hong Kong and Japan than those collected further east over the open ocean. In both regions the measured concentrations were higher than those found during PEM-West A (fall 1991). Activities of ²¹⁰Pb, a tracer of air masses influenced by sources on …

Chemical Characteristics Of Continental Outflow From Asia To The Troposphere Over The Western Pacific Ocean During February-March 1994: Results From Pem-West B, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Barry Lefer, J D. Bradshaw, S T. Sandholm, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, G W. Sachse, J E. Collins Jr, B J. Heikes, J T. Merrill, G L. Gregory, B E. Anderson, H B. Singh, D C. Thornton, A R. Bandy, R F. Pueschel

Earth Sciences

We present here the chemical composition of outflow from the Asian continent to the atmosphere over the western Pacific basin during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West (PEM-West B) in February–March 1994. Comprehensive measurements of important tropospheric trace gases and aerosol particulate matter were performed from the NASA DC-8 airborne laboratory. Backward 5 day isentropic trajectories were used to partition the outflow from two major source regions: continental north (>20°N) and continental south (<20°N). Air parcels that had not passed over continental areas for the previous 5 days were classified as originating from an aged marine source. The trajectories and the chemistry together indicated that there was extensive rapid outflow of air parcels at altitudes below 5 km, while aged marine air was rarely encountered and only at <20°N latitude. The outflow at low altitudes had enhancements in common industrial solvent vapors such as C₂Cl₄, CH₃CCl₃, and C₆H₆, intermixed with the combustion emission products C₂H₂, C …

A Detailed Comparison Of Hubble Space Telescopefaint Object Spectrograph Andiueultraviolet Spectra Of Selected Seyfert Nuclei, Anuradha Koratkar, Ian Evans, Sharon Pesto, Cynthia Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Despite the contributions of the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) to the archive of UV observations of active galactic nuclei, the vast majority of UV reference data were obtained using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite. These data remain important since they provide historical information about the intensities of the UV continua and emission lines that is needed to constrain models of the active nucleus. A detailed comparison of the FOS and IUE data is critical to understanding how the measurable quantities depend on the individual instrumental calibrations, and how any conclusions derived from modeling the …

Comparisons Of Trace Constituents From Ground Stations And The Dc-8 Aircraft During Pem-West B, Richard Arimoto, R A. Duce, J M. Prospero, D L. Savoie, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, B J. Heikes, B J. Ray, N F. Lewis, U Tomza

Earth Sciences

Chemical data from ground stations in Asia and the North Pacific are compared with data from the DC-8 aircraft collected during the Pacific Exploratory Measurements in the Western Pacific Ocean (PEM-West B) mission. Ground station sampling took place on Hong Kong, Taiwan, Okinawa, and Cheju; and at three Pacific islands, Shemya, Midway, and Oahu. Aircraft samples were collected during 19 flights, most over the western North Pacific. Aluminum was used as an indicator of mineral aerosol, and even though the aircraft did sample Asian dust, strong dust storms were not encountered. The frequency distribution for non-sea-salt sulfate (nss SO_{4 …}

Large-Scale Distributions Of Tropospheric Nitric, Formic, And Acetic Acids Over The Western Pacific Basin During Wintertime, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb, Barry Lefer, Eric Scheuer, J D. Bradshaw, S T. Sandholm, S Smyth, D R. Blake, N J. Blake, G W. Sachse, J E. Collins Jr, G L. Gregory

Earth Sciences

We report here measurements of the acidic gases nitric (HNO₃), formic (HCOOH), and acetic (CH₃COOH) over the western Pacific basin during the February-March 1994 Pacific Exploratory Mission-West (PEM-West B). These data were obtained aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft as it flew missions in the altitude range of 0.3–12.5 km over equatorial regions near Guam and then further westward encompassing the entire Pacific Rim arc. Aged marine air over the equatorial Pacific generally exhibited mixing ratios of acidic gases <100 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). Near the Asian continent, discrete plumes encountered below 6 km altitude contained up to 8 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) HNO₃ and 10 ppbv HCOOH and CH₃COOH. Overall there was a general correlation between mixing …

Transport Of Sulfur Dioxide From The Asian Pacific Rim To The North Pacific Troposphere, D C. Thornton, A R. Bandy, Byrin W. Blomquist, R. Talbot, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

The NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission over the Western Pacific Ocean (PEM-West B) field experiment provided an opportunity to study sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in the troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean from the tropics to 60°N during February–March 1993. The large suite of chemical and physical measurements yielded a complex matrix in which to understand the distribution of sulfur dioxide over the western Pacific region. In contrast to the late summer period of Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A (PEM-West A) (1991) over this same area, SO₂showed little increase with altitude, and concentrations were much lower in the free …

A New Approach To Probing Large-Scale Power With Peculiar Velocities, Hume A. Feldman, Richard Watkins

Dartmouth Scholarship

We propose a new strategy for probing the power spectrum on large scales using galaxy peculiar velocities. We explore the properties of surveys that cover only two small fields in opposing directions on the sky. Surveys of this type have several advantages over those that attempt to cover the entire sky; in particular, by concentrating on galaxies in narrow cones, these surveys are able to achieve the density needed to measure several moments of the velocity field with only a modest number of objects, even for surveys designed to probe scales >∼100h⁻¹Mpc. We construct mock surveys with this …

Concept Vectors: A Synthesis Of Concept Mapping And Matrices For Knowledge Representation In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Mark L. Dyson

Theses and Dissertations

A review of the literature relating to intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) reveals that the bulk of research to date is focused on the student, and on methods for representing the knowledge itself. From student models to learning schemas to presentation methods, comparatively little attention has been paid to the problem of educators attempting to build viable lesson plans for use in an ITS environment--yet when this problem is addressed in the literature, it is recognized as a potentially daunting one. This thesis addresses the problem of ITS lesson plan development by proposing a practical, computable approach for knowledge engineering that …

Global Energetic Neutral Atom (Ena) Measurements And Their Association With The Dst Index, A. M. Jorgensen, Harlan E. Spence, M. G. Henderson, G. D. Reeves, M. Sugiura, T. Kamei

Physics & Astronomy

We present a new global magnetospheric index that measures the intensity of the Earth's ring current through energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). We have named it the Global Energetic Neutral Index (GENI), and it is derived from ENA measurements obtained by the Imaging Proton Spectrometer (IPS), part of the Comprehensive Energetic Particle and Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) experiment on the POLAR satellite. GENI provides a simple orbit-independent global sum of ENAs measured with IPS. Actual ENA measurements for the same magnetospheric state look different when seen from different points in the POLAR orbit. In addition, the instrument is sensitive …

Electro-Deposition Of Polymer Chains On An Adsorbing Wall: Density Profiles And Wall Coverage, Grace M. Foo, Ras B. Pandey

Faculty Publications

Growth of polymer density in an electro-deposition model of polymer chains on an impenetrable wall is studied on a two dimensional discrete lattice using a Monte Carlo simulation. Polymer-polymer repulsion and polymer-wall attraction for the adsorbing wall (along with the neutral and repulsive interactions) are considered in an external field. Effects of the field strength (B), temperature (T), and chain length (L-c) on the density profile of the polymer chains and wall coverage are investigated. The spatial density profile shows onset of oscillation near the wall at a characteristic field (B-c) which depends on chain length and temperature, In low …

Nanoscale Imaging Of Domain Dynamics And Retention In Ferroelectric Thin Films, Alexei Gruverman, H. Tokumoto, A. S. Prakash, S. Aggarwal, B. Yang, M. Wuttig, R. Ramesh, O. Auciello, T. Venkatesan

Alexei Gruverman Publications

We report results on the direct observation of the microscopic origins of backswitching in ferroelectric thin films. The piezoelectric response generated in the film by a biased atomic force microscope tip was used to obtain static and dynamic piezoelectric images of individual grains in a polycrystalline material. We demonstrate that polarization reversal occurs under no external field (i.e., loss of remanent polarization) via a dispersive continuous-time random walk process, identified by a stretched exponential decay of the remanent polarization.

Dimethyl (±)-(1s*,2r*,3s*)-[3-Phenyl-1-(N-Phenylcarbamoyloxy)-2, 3-Epoxypropyl]-Phosphonate, T. Boehlow, A. De La Cruz, N. Rath, C. Spilling

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

The crystal structure of the racemic title compound, C18H20NO6P, m.p. 428-431 K, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The title compound consists of a tetrahedral P atom bonded to two methoxy groups, and an alkyl chain. The alkyl chain was substituted at position 1 with a carbamate and with an epoxide at positions 2 and 3. The relative configuration of the 1-carbamate and 2,3-epoxide substituents was confirmed as anti (1S,2R,3S). The crystal structure contains an enantiomeric pair with two intermolecular hydrogen bonds in a 14-membered ring. The hydrogen bonds are formed between the P=O of one enantiomer and the N-H …

Dimethyl (±)-(1s*,2r*,3s*)-[3-Phenyl-1-(N-Phenylcarbamoyloxy)-2, 3-Epoxypropyl]-Phosphonate, T. Boehlow, A. De La Cruz, N. P. Rath, C. D. Spilling

Christopher Spilling

Dimethyl (±)-(1s*,2r*,3s*)-[3-Phenyl-1-(N-Phenylcarbamoyloxy)-2, 3-Epoxypropyl]-Phosphonate, T. Boehlow, A. De La Cruz, Nigam P. Rath, C. D. Spilling

Nigam Rath

Hyperfine Splitting Of Low-Lying Heavy Baryons, Joseph Schechter, Masayasu Harada, Asif Qamar, Francesco Sannino, Herbert Weigel

Physics - All Scholarship

We calculate the next-to-leading order contribution to the masses of the heavy baryons in the bound state approach for baryons containing a heavy quark. These 1/N_C corrections arise when states of good spin and isospin are generated from the background soliton of the light meson fields. Our study is motivated by the previously established result that light vector meson fields are required for this soliton in order to reasonably describe the spectrum of both the light and the heavy baryons. We note that the inclusion of light vector mesons significantly improves the agreement of the predicted hyperfine splitting with experiment. …

A Palynological Study Of Two Upland Bogs In The Gulf Coastal Plain, Alabama And Mississippi, Linda C. Pace

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Fewer Quaternary palynological studies have been conducted in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States than In the northern United States and Canada, resulting in major gaps in the pollen record of this region. The existing studies display discrepancies in the chronology of the pine rise, appearance of the modem climatic regime and vegetation, and timing of the Hypsithermal. In order to fill a gap in the paleoecological data network of the Gulf Coastal Plain, pollen analysis, charcoal analysis, and sediment stratigraphic techniques were used to reconstruct the last 6500 years of Sweetbay Bog, Mississippi, and Minamac Bog, …

Learning To See Analogies: A Connectionist Exploration, Douglas S. Blank

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

The goal of this dissertation is to integrate learning and analogy-making. Although learning and analogy-making both have long histories as active areas of research in cognitive science, not enough attention has been given to the ways in which they may interact. To that end, this project focuses on developing a computer program, called Analogator, that learns to make analogies by seeing examples of many different analogy problems and their solutions. That is, it learns to make analogies by analogy. This approach stands in contrast to most existing computational models of analogy in which particular analogical mechanisms are assumed a priori …

Audit Of The Department Of Energy's Contracts With Envirocare Of Utah, Inc., U.S. Department Of Energy, Office Of Inspector General, Office Of Audit Services, Eastern Regional Audit Office

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Department of Energy (Department) is responsible for protecting human health and the environment by providing an effective and efficient system that treats, stores, and disposes of Departmental waste. The Department disposes of some of its waste at Envirocare of Utah, Inc., (Envirocare) a commercial treatment and disposal facility in Clive, Utah. The audit objective was to determine whether the Department and its contractors were using the most favorable rates available for the disposal of waste at Envirocare.

We found that the Department's contractors did not always use the most favorable rates available. Although volume discounts were available under Departmentwide …

Bias And The Probability Of Generalization, Tony R. Martinez, D. Randall Wilson

Faculty Publications

In order to be useful, a learning algorithm must be able to generalize well when faced with inputs not previously presented to the system. A bias is necessary for any generalization, and as shown by several researchers in recent years, no bias can lead to strictly better generalization than any other when summed over all possible functions or applications. This paper provides examples to illustrate this fact, but also explains how a bias or learning algorithm can be “better” than another in practice when the probability of the occurrence of functions is taken into account. It shows how domain knowledge …

Effective Elastic Thickness Of The Lithosphere Along The Easter Seamount Chain, Sarah E. Kruse, Zhengro J. Liu, David F. Naar, Robert A. Duncan

Geology Faculty Publications

Bathymetry and gravity data collected during Legs 5, 6, and 7 of the 1993 GLORIA Expedition and the recently released 2-min altimetry-derived global gravity grid are used to determine the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere along the Easter Seamount Chain (ESC). Forward modeling, admittance, and coherence methods yield consistent results. With the exception of the eastern and western ends of the ESC the effective elastic thickness along the chain is ∼1–4 km. The thin elastic thickness for the majority of the ESC seamounts is compatible with a young seafloor age at the time of loading derived from new radiometric …

Phase Structure Of Dynamical Triangulation Models In Three Dimensions, Simon Catterall, Ray L. Renken, John B. Kogut

Physics - All Scholarship

The dynamical triangulation model of three-dimensional quantum gravity is shown to have a line of transitions in an expanded phase diagram which includes a coupling mu to the order of the vertices. Monte Carlo renormalization group and finite size scaling techniques are used to locate and characterize this line. Our results indicate that for mu < mu1 ~ -1.0 the model is always in a crumpled phase independent of the value of the curvature coupling. For mu < 0 the results are in agreement with an approximate mean field treatment. We find evidence that this line corresponds to first order transitions extending to positive mu. However, the behavior appears to change for mu > mu2 ~ 2-4. The simplest scenario that is consistent with the data is the existence of a critical end point.

Probing The Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Of Water Molecules At The Ccl4/Water Interface In The Presence Of Charges Soluble Surfactant, D. E. Gragson, G. L. Richmond

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The molecular structure and hydrogen bonding of water molecules at the CCl₄/water interface in the presence of a charged soluble surfactant has been explored in this study using vibrational sum frequency generation. By examining OH stretching modes that are highly sensitive to the local hydrogen bonding environment it is found that water molecules at the CCl₄/water interface both in the presence and absence of a charged soluble surfactant are predominantly in a tetrahedral arrangement much like the structure ofice. Isotopic dilution studies have been employed to further characterize this icelike interfacial structure. Ablueshift ofapproximately120 cm^{-1 …}