Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Jurassic Eolian Oolite On A Paleohigh In The Sundance Sea, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, Zoran Kilibarda, David Loope

David B. Loope

Aeolian limestones are widespread in the Quaternary record and have been identified in outcrops and cores of late Palaeozoic strata. These rocks have been interpreted as a low latitude signal of glacio-eustatic sea level fluctuations and have not been previously reported from the Mesozoic or from other episodes of earth history generally believed to have been non-glacial. Numerous lenticular bodies of cross-stratified oolite lie near the contact between the lower and upper members of the mudstone-dominated lower Sundance Formation (Middle and Upper Jurassic) in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming, USA. The lenses, up to 12 m thick, contain sedimentary …

Assessment Of The Record Of The 1982 El Chichón Eruption As Preserved In Greenland Snow, Gregory A. Zielinski, Jack E. Dibb, Qinzhao Yang, Paul Andrew Mayewski, Sallie Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Mark S. Germani

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Variability in the SO 4 2 - and Cl⁻ time series for the 1980s from 12 shallow snow pits across the Greenland ice sheet is used to evaluate the record of the 1982 El Chichón eruption and the potential for recording a moderate northern equatorial eruption in a single Greenland ice core. Composition of volcanic glass found in spring 1983 snow in one of the pits in the Summit region matches that from El Chichón glass, thereby verifying the deposition of material from the eruption. High Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations in this same layer probably represent deposition …

On The Strain-Rate Sensitivity Of Columnar Ice, M. E. Manley, E. M. Schulson

Dartmouth Scholarship

A power law relation between stress and strain rate of the form σ ∝ ε̇1/n was used to describe the response to strain rate of S1 ice loaded across the columns at -10°C. The rate exponent, n, decreased with increasing strain from about 4.6 at an observed peak on the load displacement curve to approximately 2.6 at a shortening of 2%. Analysis of these results and of the results of other authors on different forms of ice deformed at the same temperature suggests that the power law exponent, n, is proportional to Fc/Fg. The parameter Fc/Fg is the far-field basal …

A Palynological Study Of Two Upland Bogs In The Gulf Coastal Plain, Alabama And Mississippi, Linda C. Pace

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Fewer Quaternary palynological studies have been conducted in the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States than In the northern United States and Canada, resulting in major gaps in the pollen record of this region. The existing studies display discrepancies in the chronology of the pine rise, appearance of the modem climatic regime and vegetation, and timing of the Hypsithermal. In order to fill a gap in the paleoecological data network of the Gulf Coastal Plain, pollen analysis, charcoal analysis, and sediment stratigraphic techniques were used to reconstruct the last 6500 years of Sweetbay Bog, Mississippi, and Minamac Bog, …

Effective Elastic Thickness Of The Lithosphere Along The Easter Seamount Chain, Sarah E. Kruse, Zhengro J. Liu, David F. Naar, Robert A. Duncan

Geology Faculty Publications

Bathymetry and gravity data collected during Legs 5, 6, and 7 of the 1993 GLORIA Expedition and the recently released 2-min altimetry-derived global gravity grid are used to determine the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere along the Easter Seamount Chain (ESC). Forward modeling, admittance, and coherence methods yield consistent results. With the exception of the eastern and western ends of the ESC the effective elastic thickness along the chain is ∼1–4 km. The thin elastic thickness for the majority of the ESC seamounts is compatible with a young seafloor age at the time of loading derived from new radiometric …

The Marine Pleistocene Sediments Andn Paleogeography Of The Southern Thrace Coast, Mehmet Sakinç, Cenk Yaltirak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Si̇vasella Goekceni̇, A New Foraminifer Species Of Maastrichtian Of Southwest Malatya (Se Türki̇ye), Engin Meri̇ç, Nurdan İnan

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Paleomagnetic Characteristics Of The Cenozoic Volcanics And Tectonic Evolution Of Thrace, M. Cengiz Tapirdamaz, Cenk Yaltirak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Stratigraphy And Tectonics Of The Pulur (Bayburt) Region In The Eastern Pontides, Aral I. Okay, Ömer Şahi̇ntürk, Hüseyin Yakar

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Anatomy Of An Epithermal Mineralization: Mumcu (Balikesi̇r-Sindirgi), Inner-Western Anatolia, Turkey, Vedat Oygür

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Interpretation Of The New Radiometric Age Determinations From The Tertiary And Quaternary Volcanic Rocks In Western Anatolia., Tuncay Ercan, Muharrem Satir, Dilek Sevi̇n, Ahmet Türkecan

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Environmental Interpretation Of The Ostracoda Fauna From The Upper Miocene-Pliocene Sequence In The Karaman Region, Ümit Şafak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Stratigraphy Of The Tectonostratigraphic Units Around Hadim-Bozkir-Taşkent Region (Northern Part Of The Central Taurides, Turkey), Necdet Özgül

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The İdi̇ş Daği - Avanos Area (Nevşehi̇r - Central Anatolia), Serhat Köksal, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Volcanology And Geochemistry Of Pliocene And Quaternary Basalts On Citadel Mountain, Lunar Crater Volcanic Field, Pancake Range, Nevada, Loretta D. Dickson

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Alkali basalts on Citadel Mountain form the southern margin of the Lunar Crater Volcanic Field (LCVF) in the central Great Basin, Nevada. Citadel Mountain comprised of a faulted, north tilted section of Tertiary andesite and ash-flow tuff is capped by Pliocene and Quaternary alkali basalt flows that erupted from six major cinder cones. The basalt flows on Citadel Mountain can be divided into two groups (older and younger) based on age and isotopic signatures. The older basalt group is characterized by higher ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶Sr and lower E_Nd and the younger group has lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr …

The Migration Of Arsenic And Lead In Surface Sediments At Three Kids Mine Henderson, Nevada, Douglas Brian Sims

Publications (WR)

This study focused on the distribution of arsenic and lead in surface sediments at Three Kids Mine in Henderson, Nevada. The mine site encompasses approximately 470 acres of desert and is situated above two developing communities (Lake Las Vegas and Calico Ridge) and the Las Vegas Valley's water source (Lake Mead).

Transport of arsenic and lead appears to have occurred within a limited range in both the eastern and western washes on the eastern and western sides of Three Kids Mine. Concentrations of arsenic range between 20 mg/kg (ppm) and 1130 mg/kg and between 20 mg/kg and 8400 mg/kg for …

A Comparison Study Of Water Well Grouting Materials, Sherry L. Callaway

Masters Theses

To prevent contamination from occurring in water wells, and thereby groundwater, the annulus between the well casing and borehole wall must be sealed with a grout that is capable of maintaining a proper seal. Several factors and properties determine the integrity of the grout and the seal formed by that grout.

A field study discovered limitations in all of the tested grout types. Most grouts were found to vary greatly in thickness surrounding the well casing. Bentonite slurry grouts settled excessively. Cement and bentoni tecement grouts did not adhere to PVC well casing. Bentonite-cement grout fractured. The granulated bentonite was …

Laboratory Comparison Of Trench Design Options For Recovering Spilled Oil, Renuka Fernando

Masters Theses

The research goal was to improve the performance of drainage trenches used to recover spilled oil in the subsurface. Different trench designs were compared in two laboratory experiments. The first laboratory experiment clearly demonstrates that the performance of a oil recovering drainage trench could be improved by replacing the standard gravel pack sand used around the drain pipe with mixtures of teflon and sand. The effectiveness of a downgradient impermeable 'backstop' also was studied in the first experiment.

In experiment two, four trench designs were compared: perforated drain pipe; wire-wrapped horizontal well screen; perforated sheet pile; and gravel fill with …

Lithological And Stratigraphic Analysis Of Glacial Diamictons, Sturgis, Michigan, R. Christopher Gardner

Masters Theses

Seven diamictons are identified in the subsurface glacial drift near Sturgis, Michigan using textural analyses and x-ray diffraction of clay minerals. The clay mineral content is quantified by comparing the 7-A/10- A peak height ratios from x-ray diffraction diffractograms of oriented clay-size particle (<2um) mounts. Two diamictons occur at the base of the drift. Unit 1 is gray , resembling the shale it overlies. The texture of Unit 1 is sandy clay loam to loam and average 7-A/10-A peak height clay mineral ratios of 0.446 ±0.069. Unit 2 is a yellowish-brown diamicton, it overlies Unit 1, and is a sandy loam to loam with average 7-A/10-A clay mineral ratio of 0.657 ±0.151. Diamicton Units 4 and 5 overlie a thick unit of sand and gravel on top of Unit 2. Units 4 and 5 have similar color and texture, however the 7-A/10-A ratios are 1.059 ±0.090 and 0.810 ±0.072 respectively. Unit 6 is a thin diamicton unit, leached of calcite, and x-ray diffraction suggests that there is a range of weathering horzins between borings. Unit 7 is loamy, whereas Unit 8 generally ranges from sandy clay loam to sandy loam with average 7-A/10-A ratios of 0.865 ±0.090 and 1.195 ±0.189.

Vertical Axis Rotation In The Silurian Hills: A Cenozoic Overprint On The Mesozoic U.S. Cordilleran Magmatic Arc, John E. Comstock

University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

New, detailed field work in the Silurian hills, southeast of Death Valley, reveals a pattern of a complex Cenozoic brittle fault overprint of rocks containing evidence of at least three episodes of Mesozoic thermal-ductile deformation. The Cenozoic brittle fault overprint of rocks containing evidence of at least three episodes of Mesozoic thermal-ductile formation. The Cenozoic faulting consists of five distinct sets of structures ordered by cross cutting relationships. The oldest, BF1, are fragments of reverse faults trending NW and dipping 45-60 SW. BF2 consist of NW trending, en echelon, sinistral strike-slip faults. BF3 is a conjugate set of N-NE trending …

Forensic Soil Analysis: Characterization Of The Sand Fraction, John Baize

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this project was to develop a comprehensive analytical method for the characterization of soil by examining particle size, elemental composition, and percent organic matter in soil, and to determine its forensic applicability. In this study, five soils of varying geological locations were examined including two samples from Kentucky; two samples from Pennsylvania; and one from Washington D C A Gilson sonic sieve shaker was used to separate fractions of soil to determine particle size, and a JEOL scanning electron microscope with a Kevex EDS detector was used to determine elemental composition. These techniques coupled with percent total …

Development Of An Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustor (Afbc), William Orndorff

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The relatively recent interest in the U.S. in the development of atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) has been preceded by two main factors. First of these is the ever present problem of acid rain and growing public support for cleaner burning fossil fuels. Second is the increasing demand on public landfills and subsequent need for burning of municipal solid waste. From these factors and their corresponding influences, Western Kentucky University has the impetus and has received the financial assistance necessary to build and develop a laboratory scale AFBC system. A brief history of the events leading to this development, as …

Mathematical Modeling Of Convective Heat Transfer In Mammoth Cave, Jonathan Jernigan

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Around two centuries ago, changes were made to the entrances of Mammoth Cave and its passages. Today the Historic Entrance to Mammoth Cave is enlarged and the passage just beyond the entrance known as Houchins' Narrows has been cleared of rubble and filled with sediments. These enlargements have resulted in an increase in airflow throughout the Historic Section of the cave causing environmental conditions such as air temperature and airflow to fluctuate. These fluctuations have negatively impacted inhabitants and contents of the cave system. To restore natural conditions within the cave, Science and Resource Management personnel at Mammoth Cave National …

Preface, Claus Hammer, Paul Andrew Mayewski, David Peel, Minze Stuiver

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

This special issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research presents 47 papers developed from research on the two deep ice cores drilled in central Greenland during the years 1989-1993 by the U.S. Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and the European Greenland Ice Core Program (GRIP). In this "grand experiment," two large ice-core-drilling programs were combined. A major reason was to validate the presence of fast climate oscillations that could not be verified by a single deep ice core.

A 110,000-Year History Of Change In Continental Biogenic Emissions And Related Atmospheric Circulation Inferred From The Greenland Ice Sheet Project Ice Core, L. D. Meeker, Paul Andrew Mayewski, M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, D. Meese

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The 110,000-year record of ammonium concentrations from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core provides the basis for an analysis of terrestrial biological production and atmospheric circulation patterns involved in the transport of biologically produced ammonium to the Greenland atmosphere. The directly measured concentration series was selected for analysis, rather than that of estimated ammonium flux, after a detailed analysis of the relationship among ice core glaciochemical concentrations and a high-resolution simultaneous record of snow accumulation from the GISP2 core. Analysis of the ammonium concentration series shows that maxima in background levels of ammonium in the Greenland atmosphere …

The Co2 Concentration Of Air Trapped In Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Formed During Periods Of Rapid Climate Change, H. J. Smith, M. Wahlen, D. Mastroianni, K. Taylor, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The CO₂ content of air occluded in Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice formed over two separate intervals of rapidly changing climate, centered at approximately 46 and 63 kyr B. P., is as much as 90 ppm more during warm periods (interstadials) than during cold periods (stadials). These CO₂ variations are superimposed on changes in annual layer thickness and δ¹⁸O of the ice and do not show the 200- to 700-year offsets which would be expected for concurrent variations in the atmosphere and the ice. The CO₂ concentrations during the stadials are similar to …

Electrical Measurements On The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Core, Kendrick C. Taylor, Richard B. Alley, Gregg W. Lamorey, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) record is an indication of the concentration of H+ in the core. The ECM detected seasonal variations in the nitrate concentration of the core which were used to assist in dating the core by annual layer counting. Volcanic eruptions that produce acidic aerosols are recorded in the ECM record. Evidence of biomass burning is detected by the ECM because fire-related ammonium emissions neutralize the acids in the core. Rapid climate transitions associated with the Younger Dryas and Dansgaard/Oeschger interstadial events alter the concentration of alkaline dust and are detected …

Paleoclimatic Variability Inferred From The Spectral Analysis Of Greenland And Antarctic Ice-Core Data, R. Yiou, K. Fuher, L. D. Meeker, J. Jouzel, S. Johnsen, Paul Andrew Mayewski

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Paleoclimate variations occur at various time scales, between a few centuries for the Heinrich events and several hundreds of millenia for the glacial to interglacial variations. The recent ice cores from Greenland (Greenland Ice Core Project and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) and Antarctica (Vostok) span at least one glacial oscillation and provide many opportunities to investigate climate variations with a very fine resolution. The joint study of cores from both hemispheres allows us to distinguish between the sources of variability and helps to propose mechanisms of variations for the different time scales involved. The climate proxies we analyze are …

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Depth-Age Scale: Methods And Results, D. A. Meese, A. J. Gow, R. B. Alley, G. A. Zielinski, P. M. Grootes, M. Ram, K. C. Taylor, Paul Andrew Mayewski, J. F. Bolzan

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) depth-age scale is presented based on a multiparameter continuous count approach, to a depth of 2800 m, using a systematic combination of parameters that have never been used to this extent before. The ice at 2800 m is dated at 110,000 years B.P. with an estimated error ranging from 1 to 10% in the top 2500 m of the core and averaging 20% between 2500 and 2800 m. Parameters used to date the core include visual stratigraphy, oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice, electrical conductivity measurements, laser-light scattering from dust, volcanic signals, and …

Volcanic Aerosol Records And Tephrochronology Of The Summit, Greenland, Ice Cores, Gregory A. Zielinski, Paul Andrew Mayewski, L. David Meeker, Karl Grönvold, Mark D. Germani, Sallie Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler, Kendrick Taylor

Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

The recently collected Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and Greenland Ice Core Project ice cores from Summit, Greenland, provide lengthy and highly resolved records of the deposition of both the aerosol (H₂SO₄) and silicate (tephra) components of past volcanism. Both types of data are very beneficial in developing the hemispheric to global chronology of explosive volcanism and evaluating the entire volcanism-climate system. The continuous time series of volcanic SO₄²⁻ for the last 110,000 years show a strong relationship between periods of increased volcanism and periods of climatic change. The greatest number of volcanic …