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- Keyword
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- Immunocontraception (5)
- Wildlife contraception (5)
- Contraception (2)
- Controlled release (2)
- GnRH agonist (2)
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- Remote delivery (2)
- White-tailed deer (2)
- <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i> (1)
- <i>Trichosurus vulpecula</i> (1)
- Animal rights (1)
- Animal welfare (1)
- Anti-hunting (1)
- Anti-management (1)
- Bait (1)
- Bait delivery techniques (1)
- Baiting efficiency (1)
- Baits (1)
- Beaver (1)
- Biobullet (1)
- Bisdiamine (1)
- Black-tailed deer (1)
- Blackbird (1)
- Brushtail possums (1)
- Canada goose (1)
- Captive animals (1)
- Carnivores (1)
- Deer (1)
- Drug deliver (1)
- Equids (1)
- Feral horses (1)
Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Potential Use Of Contraception For Managing Wildlife Pests In Australia, Mary Bomford, Peter O'Brien
Potential Use Of Contraception For Managing Wildlife Pests In Australia, Mary Bomford, Peter O'Brien
Contraception in Wildlife Management
There is an increasing level of interest in contraception to manage wildlife pests in Australia, due mainly to concerns over high recurrent costs, animal welfare, and the failure of current control techniques to prevent damage in some instances. We have developed criteria that need to be met for contraception to be successful for pest control: • Technology exists to reduce fertility • An effective delivery mechanism to treat wild animals exists. • The end result of reduced animal damage is achieved. • Effects are humane and nontoxic. • Product is target specific, cost effective, and environmentally acceptable.
Contraception In Wildlife Management: Reality Or Illusion?, David C. Guynn Jr.
Contraception In Wildlife Management: Reality Or Illusion?, David C. Guynn Jr.
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Nuisance wildlife in areas where hunting is not an accepted practice and declining public support of lethal control measures have prompted research on contraceptives as a way to manage population levels. However, complex legal. biological, economic, and ethical issues should be addressed before such techniques are tested even on small, isolated populations. Regulatory authority by State and Federal agencies must define protocols for using contraceptive materials in wild populations. Registration of wildlife contraceptives either as pesticides or vaccines will likely be necessary. Health-related issues include harmful effects on target species, nontarget species and humans who may consume carcasses. Models for …
Research To Develop Contraceptive Control Of Brushtail Possums In New Zealand, Simon E. Jolly, Phil E. Cowan, Janine A. Duckworth
Research To Develop Contraceptive Control Of Brushtail Possums In New Zealand, Simon E. Jolly, Phil E. Cowan, Janine A. Duckworth
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Common brushtail possums are serious pests in New Zealand, where they threaten the survival of native plants and animals and spread bovine tuberculosis. A National Science Strategy Committee established in 1991 to coordinate possum research gave high priority to research aimed at biological control of possums, particularly contraceptive control. Surveys are identifying pathogens and potential vectors, and research has begun on immunology, gene transcription, potential contraceptive targets, and sociobiology. As there are more than 60 million possums in New Zealand, contraceptive vaccine delivery systems need to be cost effective, and they must be publicly acceptable. A vaccine could be included …
Remotely Delivered Contraception With Needle-Less Norgestomet Implants, Darrel J. Kesler
Remotely Delivered Contraception With Needle-Less Norgestomet Implants, Darrel J. Kesler
Contraception in Wildlife Management
A remotely delivered contraceptive was developed that suppressed estrus and prevented pregnancy in deer with 100-percent efficacy. This contraceptive utilized norgestomet, a potent progestin that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in cattle. Although the needle-less norgestomet implant is not FDA approved for use in deer, it is safe for treated animals, humans, and the environment. The remote delivery of this implant can be accomplished up to 40 m away and causes minimal tissue damage and stress if administered properly. Because of its ease, its simplicity of delivery, and the control it provides for proper …
Delivery Of Lmmunocontraceptive Vaccines For Wildlife Management, Lowell A. Miller
Delivery Of Lmmunocontraceptive Vaccines For Wildlife Management, Lowell A. Miller
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Immunocontraceptive technology appears to be a viable approach for population control of nuisance species of wildlife. The administration of immunocontraceptive vaccines is presently performed by syringe injection or by remote delivery via darts or biobullets. In order for immunocontraception to be successful in free-roaming animals, the vaccine must be delivered in an oral form. Recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, and pathology of mucosal infections give us tools to develop effective oral vaccines. Oral vaccines encapsulated in either biodegradable microspheres, synthetic adhesive liposomes, or nonvirulent live vectors hold promise as a practical approach for immunocontraception of free-roaming wildlife. Issues of …
Contraception In Wildlife Management: Index
Contraception In Wildlife Management: Index
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Index
Lmmunocontraception In White-Tailed Deer, John W. Turner Jr., Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Irwin K.M. Liu
Lmmunocontraception In White-Tailed Deer, John W. Turner Jr., Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Irwin K.M. Liu
Contraception in Wildlife Management
lmmunocontraception may have management application for white-tailed deer populations in parks and preserves. where hunting 1s illegal or impractical. This study examines physiological aspects of immunocontraception with porcine zonae pellucidae in 53 fertile white-tailed does. In separate studies, we employed protocols of three and two porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) injections as well as two different protocols using one injection. Each one-injection vaccination consisted of one dose of porcine zonae pellucidae as in other protocols plus a second controlled-release dose of the material delivered via an osmotic minipump implant or injected, biodegradable polymer microspheres. We monitored fawn production for 1 to …
Contraception In Wildlife Management Table Of Contents, Terry J. Kreeger
Contraception In Wildlife Management Table Of Contents, Terry J. Kreeger
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Table of Contents
The Development Of Contraceptive Methods For Captive Wildlife, Cheryl S. Asa
The Development Of Contraceptive Methods For Captive Wildlife, Cheryl S. Asa
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Contraception has become critical in managing zoo populations, both to limit production of surplus animals and to promote genetic health. One role of the Contraception Advisory Group, formed in 1989, is to coordinate research to develop new contraceptive methods. Because melengestrol acetate (MGA) implants, which have been used by zoos for almost 20 years, recently have been associated with uterine pathology in felids, several new contraceptive techniques are being evaluated. These include other steroid hormone formulations, such as the birth control pill Depo-Provers®, the Norplant® implant, and MGA added to feed; bisdiamine, an oral male contraceptive; zona pellucida (ZP) vaccine; …
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) Analogs Or Active Immunization Against Gnrh To Control Fertility In Wildlife, Susan E. Becker, Larry S. Katz
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) Analogs Or Active Immunization Against Gnrh To Control Fertility In Wildlife, Susan E. Becker, Larry S. Katz
Contraception in Wildlife Management
The administration of analogs, both agonists and antagonists, of GnRH and immunization against GnRH have been investigated for their ability to control reproductive function in domestic species. These methods can be used to inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins, the necessary stimulants for steroidogenesis and gametogensis, thereby potentially preventing ovulation and inhibiting spermatogenesis. Induction of infertility in this manner could be used for nonlethal population control of wildlife species. Relatively little research has been done in this area. This chapter reviews relevant studies with domestic species and discusses results from studies with wildlife species.
Lmmunocontraceptive Vaccines For Control Of Fertility In The European Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes), Mark P. Bradley
Lmmunocontraceptive Vaccines For Control Of Fertility In The European Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes), Mark P. Bradley
Contraception in Wildlife Management
This paper describes the strategies being employed in the development of an immunocontraceptive vaccine using sperm antigens, to control fox populations in Australia. It is proposed that such a vaccine will be delivered orally in a bait, thereby ultimately stimulating a mucosal immune response within the female reproductive tract. The eventual success in producing such a vaccine requires the identification of game antigens that cause immunological infertility, a detailed understanding of the reproductive immunology of foxes and the selection of the most effective form of antigen delivery system.
Human Dimensions Of Contraception In Wildlife Management, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel J. Decker, Rebecca J. Stout, Milo E. Richmond, Cynthia A. Loker
Human Dimensions Of Contraception In Wildlife Management, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel J. Decker, Rebecca J. Stout, Milo E. Richmond, Cynthia A. Loker
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Wildlife damage management was so much simpler in the good old days. If deer (Odocoileus virginianus), beaver (Castor canadensis), or other animals were a problem in a particular situation, people simply had them shot, trapped, or poisoned. Not many years ago, most people would go along with this approach, and those who didn't like it were marginalized as the "radical fringe." Not so today. Greater and more diverse segments of the public want a say in what professionals decide to do with their wildlife. The public wants to participate in setting objectives for management and in …
Contraception In Domestic And Wild Animal Populations Using Zona Pellucida Lmmunogens, Bonnie S. Dunbar
Contraception In Domestic And Wild Animal Populations Using Zona Pellucida Lmmunogens, Bonnie S. Dunbar
Contraception in Wildlife Management
The human population presently exceeds 6 billion and is continuing to expand at a startling rate. This population increase has resulted in the depletion of Earth's resources, which are essential for human survival. An unfortunate consequence of this expansion has been the destruction of wildlife habitats. As these habitats have diminished, numerous problems have arisen, including conflicts between wildlife and human populations. The threat of extinction of many plant and animal species has already become a reality; other wildlife populations have increased due to reductions in predator populations. While the increase in the human population must ultimately be checked, there …
Thunder In The Distance: The Emerging Policy Debate Over Wildlife Contraception, R. Bruce Gill, Michael W. Miller
Thunder In The Distance: The Emerging Policy Debate Over Wildlife Contraception, R. Bruce Gill, Michael W. Miller
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Wildlife contraception is only now emerging as a wildlife policy issue It will emerge into a sociopolitical environment that is already polarized from a clash of ideologies. The wildlife conservation/hunting community strives to preserve the status quo while animal welfare and animal rights activists struggle to change wildlife management philosophy and practice to conform to their respective beliefs. Recent professional and popular literature reveal at least four major areas of conflict: (1) anti-management sentiment, (2) anti-hunting sentiment, (3) animal rights sentiment, and (4) animal welfare sentiment. Wildlife managers anticipate that the conflict over the use of contraceptives will involve value …
Surgical Sterilization: An Underutilized Procedure For Evaluating The Merits Of Induced Sterility, James J. Kennelly, Kathryn A. Converse
Surgical Sterilization: An Underutilized Procedure For Evaluating The Merits Of Induced Sterility, James J. Kennelly, Kathryn A. Converse
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Despite more than 4 decades of effort, development of effective wildlife damage control programs based on sterilization of target species has met with limited success. This is partly due to the fact that investigators have assumed, rather than empirically tested, whether the reproductive strategies of the target populations were vulnerable to the planned treatment. Equally important, methods selected to induce sterility usually involve a chemical agent that can affect sociosexual behaviors of the nuisance population. In this report, we illustrate how surgically induced sterility circumvents both problems-how it enables one to assess the feasibility and applicability of the concept without …
Contraception Of Wild And Feral Equids, Jay F. Kirkpatrick, J.W. Turner Jr., I.K.M. Liu
Contraception Of Wild And Feral Equids, Jay F. Kirkpatrick, J.W. Turner Jr., I.K.M. Liu
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Fertility control in wild horses has been attempted with both stallions and mares. Nonreversible surgical sterilazaiton by means of vasectomy has been successful in inhibiting reporcution in wild horses in Montana and Nevada. Administration of a microencapsulated form of testosterone to wild stallions reduced sperm counts and motility and foal counts. In a third approach, intraperitoneal SilasticTM implants containing ethinylesdtradiol and progesterone blocked ovulation in wild mares for up to 3 years. The first immunological fertility control of free-ranging wildlife was accomplished with wild horses, Initial experiments demonstrated that immunization with porcine zonae pellucidae was capable of causing contraception …
Overview Of Delivery Systems For The Administration Of Contraceptives To Wildlife, Terry J. Kreeger
Overview Of Delivery Systems For The Administration Of Contraceptives To Wildlife, Terry J. Kreeger
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Successful contraception in wildlife requires both an efficacious and safe contraceptive agent and an efficacious and safe method of delivering that agent to the animal. Remote delivery systems (RDS)-mechanical devices capable of administering a single dose to an unrestrained animal, usually by means of a ballistic projectile-can target specific animals and facilitate the administration of contraceptives on a body weight basis. Liquid, solid, and semisolid formulations can be delivered via RDS, and sometimes treatment costs can go down with this methodology. Disadvantages of RDS include the fact that many of them can be used only on larger animals and RDS’ …
A Review Of Baits And Bait Delivery Systems For Free-Ranging Carnivores And Ungulates, Samuel B. Linhart, Andreas Kappeler, Lamar A. Windberg
A Review Of Baits And Bait Delivery Systems For Free-Ranging Carnivores And Ungulates, Samuel B. Linhart, Andreas Kappeler, Lamar A. Windberg
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Baits and bait delivery systems have been described for orally administering a variety of chemicals and biologicals to selected carnivores and ungulates. Development has varied from species for which bait preferences and means of distributing oral contraceptives have not yet been determined even on a limited scale (e.g., white-tailed deer) to cooperative, multicountry programs involving the annual distribution of millions of mass-produced oral rabies vaccine baits (e.g., red foxes in Europe). Much of the technical literature on the subject has appeared in sometimes obscure sources encompassing such fields as medical epidemiology, wildlife diseases, animal behavior, applied ecology, flavor chemistry, furbearer …
Development Of A Bait For The Oral Delivery Of Pharmaceuticals To White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), J. Russell Mason, N.J. Bean, Larry S. Katz, Heidi Hales
Development Of A Bait For The Oral Delivery Of Pharmaceuticals To White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), J. Russell Mason, N.J. Bean, Larry S. Katz, Heidi Hales
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Solid and liquid baits were tested for the delivery of drugs to white-tailed deer. The solid bait was compromised of a mineral block paired with apple, peanut butter, or acorn extract. The liquid bait was compromised of water, apple juice, glycerine, salt, and either peanut butter or apple odor. Although both solid and liquid baits were attractive to deer, the latter may be more useful because consumption can be measured directly, ingestion by nontarget animals is minimized, and bait degradation by weathering is reduced.
Considerations For Lmmunocontraception Among Free-Ranging Carnivores: The Rabies Paradigm, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Charles E. Rupprecht
Considerations For Lmmunocontraception Among Free-Ranging Carnivores: The Rabies Paradigm, Cathleen A. Hanlon, Charles E. Rupprecht
Contraception in Wildlife Management
The raging North American controversy over the reintroduction of wolves into the ecosystem of the greater Yellowstone National Park area exemplifies the emotive relationship between humankind and the Carnivora. What forces act in concert to portray this much maligned Order in unfavorable light? Control of free-ranging carnivore populations by Homo sapiens has been practiced for centuries as part of a pastoral lifestyle, with the intent of protecting one's own life and livelihood from becoming freshly killed prey in the onslaught from mammalian competitors. Traditionally, control is equated most commonly with population reduction through direct elimination of individuals (e.g., typically social …
Lmmunosterilization For Wild Rabbits: The Options, C.H. Tyndale-Biscoe
Lmmunosterilization For Wild Rabbits: The Options, C.H. Tyndale-Biscoe
Contraception in Wildlife Management
Control of wildlife pest populations by sterilization could be more effective than conventional mortality agents, provided that two conditions are met: (1) the endocrine function of affected animals is not compromised, so as to exploit the natural suppression of reproduction of subordinate members of the population that occurs in many species; and (2) the incidence of sterility is sufficient to lower population recruitment and growth. Both conditions could, theoretically, be met by use of an infectious recombinant virus, expressing genes for specific reproductive antigens. Using the rabbit, I describe the research required to test the concept and discuss the legal …
Research And Field Applications Of Contraceptives In White-Tailed Deer, Feral Horses, And Mountain Goats, Robert J. Warren, Richard A. Fayrer-Hosken, Lisa I. Muller, L. Paige Willis, Robin B. Goodloe
Research And Field Applications Of Contraceptives In White-Tailed Deer, Feral Horses, And Mountain Goats, Robert J. Warren, Richard A. Fayrer-Hosken, Lisa I. Muller, L. Paige Willis, Robin B. Goodloe
Contraception in Wildlife Management
This paper reviews our applications of long-acting implantable steroids and immunocontraceptives in selected wild ungulates. We implanted captive white-tailed deer does with levonorgestrel but did not successfully prevent conception. We also evaluated antisperm immunocontraceptives delivered remotely via biobullet. Does immunized with plasma membrane proteins isolated from deer or porcine sperm showed persistence of antisperm antibody titers for 5 months, but these titers did not cause infertility. Our research also has included applications via biobullet or antigonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), antisperm, and antiporcine zona pellucida (ZP) vaccines in female horses. Although the biobullet was effective in delivering immunocontraceptives at distances of ≤ …