Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Somalia Fisheries Development: Past, Present And Future, Bruce Barbour

Theses and Major Papers

This paper is being presented in three distinct parts. Each section deals with fisheries development in Somalia, East Africa, past, present and future. The first section focuses on a project proposal by a World Bank/U.N. FAO joint effort. This proposal exemplifies a traditional approach to development. This traditional approach will be defined and then evaluated. The second section is a report of the authors consultancy to the Somali government concerning the development of the fisheries within the Coastal Development Projects jurisdiction. The approach employed was one of first defining the problem and then working on solutions. This section is being …

Investigation Of Eddy Population And Motion In The Southern International Ice Patrol Operations Area (40°-47°N By 40°-55°W), Frank J. Williams

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study of the eddy population in the Newfoundland Basin region over the period from November 1981 to December 1984 was conducted. The study was undertaken to demonstrate the importance and basic character of eddy motion in the area patrolled by the International Ice Patrol. This is a descriptive study and no rigorous mathematical solutions are attempted. Data was collected on the number of eddies in the area, their average duration and size, formation, migration and deterioration patterns and rotational velocity. Satellite infrared imagery maintained by National Weather Service and Naval Eastern Oceanographic Center, Canadian Forces METOC Center sea surface …

Leachate Monitoring In Naturally Saline Groundwater Chesapeake Landfill Chesapeake Virginia, T. Britt Mcmillan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater chemistry around the Chesapeake municipal landfill was monitored over a one year period. Ten sample sites as well as two surface water sites were used to monitor water quality. Two wells, one at 3 m and the other at 10 m were located at each site. Surface water samples were taken from the Elizabeth River, north of the landfill, and a tidal channel, west of the landfill. Seven groundwater sites were downgradient of the landfill and three sites were upgradient (control sites).

The landfill overlies a tidal marsh, approximately 100 m south of the intracoastal waterway (Elizabeth River). Dredge …

Comparison Of An Improved Plankton Sampler To The Standard Conical Plankton Net, Ronald S. Schmidt

OES Theses and Dissertations

A comparison of field and tank tests between the standard conical plankton net and an improved version of a plankton sampler is presented. The improved sampler was shown to filter larger quantities of water than the standard net without having the filtration efficiency reduced below 85%. The improved sampler was also shown to capture an increased number of plankton per volume sampled, as a result of eliminating increased avoidance activity by zooplankton. It was not shown that. the improved sampler capture either larger maximum sizes of zooplankton or additional species.

A Water Quality Element For The Extension Of The Salt Ponds Special Area Management Plan To Quonochontaug, Winnapaug (Brightmans) And Maschaug Ponds, Clarkson A. Collins

Theses and Major Papers

The Salt Ponds Project scientific research and management efforts were designed to address the management issues typical to barrier beach-lagoon systems. It was anticipated that the finds of the project would be applied to the management of similar estuarine systems in Rhode Island and elsewhere. This paper presents findsings and recommendations relating to water quality and land use for the watersheds of Quonochontaug Pond, Winnapaug Pond, and Maschaug Ponds. With the inclusion of these waterbodies into the SAM Plan framework, all of the barrier beach-coastal lagoon ecosystems of the south shore will come under a plan specifically designed to protect …

The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Carbonic Acid In Low Salinity Waters, Ching-Hui Hsu

OES Theses and Dissertations

The first and second apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in artificial seawater and diluted artificial seawater, K₁ ' and K₂ 1 were determined at selected combinations of temperatures and salinities between 2 to 30° C and 0 to 35 o/oo with special attentions to waters with salinities below 20 o/oo at atmospheric pressure by measuring K₁ ' and the product of K₁ ' and K₂.

The results can be expressed as functions of temperature and salinity by the following equations, pK₁ '=3360.206T^-1 +0. 033331 T-14.8303-0.09633x (Cl^1/2) pK₂ '=14911.671 …

Pollution In The Mediterranean: A Regional Response, Antony O. Heimer

Theses and Major Papers

Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea has been an issue of significant political, economic and environmental concern for more than a decade. It has more recently become a regional issue with politically diverse coastal states and a wide variety of international agencies implementing cooperative programs of scientific research, education and training, planning, and treaty drafting. Being a regional issue, the pollution problem has facilitated discussions between nations on several levels and governments have found it politically advantageous to use the issue for a variety of purposes.This paper will provide an overview of the Mediterranean pollution problem, covering the nature of the …

Approaches To Development And Extension Of Capture Technologies For Developing Small Scale Fisheries, Stephen C. Drew

Theses and Major Papers

Over half the world's supply of fish for human consumption is produced by small scale fisheries. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on improvement of small scale fisheries in developing countries. In spite of substantial investments, and the arduous labor of many competent, well-intentioned people, the success rates of small scale fisheries development projects have not been encouraging. This paper will discuss two types of project approaches which have been used in small scale fisheries development, with examples of the challenges and problems they have encountered. A description of the Appropriate Technology Adaptive Research, Development, and Extension (ATARDE) …

The Seasonal Pattern Of Shipping Freight Rates, Wathanachai Raunglerdpanyagul

Theses and Major Papers

This paper reviews the behavior of shipping freight rate by using the freight index as an proxy variable. A proxy variable is the one that is a substitute to the intended one because it is difficult to obtain. It was found that a seasonal pattern in the freight rate exists, but no specific estimated pattern of the seasonal variation was found. Generally, tramp freight rates rise above average level from February or March to June or July, and from September or October to December or January. The tanker freight rate, which differs from the tramp freight rate, has only one …

The Feasibility Of A Zone Of Peace, P. R. Kendrick

Theses and Major Papers

Starting in 1964 there has been a movement to declare the Indian Ocean a "Zone of Peace." In an age when many in the world feel threatened by the potential of nuclear holocaust this is not striking in and of itself. What the Zone of Peace proposal provides is more valuable than the actual resolution. Empirically, it is obvious that nuclear free zones and peace zones have little validity. Historically, the weak have been vanquished by the powerful; their proclaimed neutrality notwithstanding. Consequently, a study of the peace movement in the Indian ocean may be utilized to investigate why proclamations …

Foraminiferal Paleoenvironments Of The Eastover Formation (Upper Miocene Virginia), Joann H. Goshorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sixty-two taxa representing 29 genera from 39 foraminiferal sample pairs have been documented and analyzed in a paleoenvironmental study of the Eastover Formation in southeastern Virginia. The Eastover Formation consists of a lower Claremont Manor Member, a silt fine-grained sand and an upper Cobham Bay Member, a shelly fine grained sand. Planktonic specimens were rare and indicated a late Miocene to early Pliocene age for the Eastover Formation. Benthics were used to interpret paleoenvironments by comparison with data from the distribution of Recent foraminifera, species diversity, planktonic to benthic ratios, and sediment analyses. The foraminifera indicate that the Eastover Formation …

The Future Outlook For Boundary Delimitations In Africa South Of The Sahara, Marie-Christine Aquarone

Theses and Major Papers

Marine Affairs thesis from the University of Rhode Island.

Potential Impacts Of Shipping Nationalism Upon A Round-The-World Shipping Service, Marc Bissonnette

Theses and Major Papers

Traditionally, carriers flying the American flag have concentrated on U. S. trades. The advent of new routing strategies in the container age has increased their ability to move cargo between foreign ports. As a result, their dependence on these cargoes is growing. An example is the "Sea Bridge" service introduced by United States Lines. With a round-the-world itinerary, this service may very well depend upon cargo carried between foreign ports in order to succeed. The ability of United States Lines to capture these foreign-to-foreign cargoes may be hampered by rising protectionism worldwide. The analysis presented here is in two separate …

Cruising The Flag: The Evolution And Future Of The American Passenger Ship, David Charles Errickson

Theses and Major Papers

A brief history of the North Atlantic passenger vessel trade is presented with special emphasis on the development of American participation in the industry. The current cruise ship growth is outlined with insight into the economic nature of cruise sip operations, with a twenty-year cabin cost profile and analysis of price growth of foreign and domestic vessels. The results of an industry survey are presented and coastwise cruise routes are discussed as an alternative for U.S.-flag cruise ships. A sample domestic deep sea itinerary is outline.

U.S./Japanese Fishery Relations: Reflections On The Past And The Unsettled Future, Matthew Axel

Theses and Major Papers

U.S.-Japan fisheries history spans over a half-century of controversy. A variety of developments have taken place over this period from past to present illustrating this point. This paper will present this subject in three parts, corresponding to the historical developments that have taken place. The saga begins with U.S. post-World War II aid in rebuilding the Japanese tuna, whaling and salmon fleets. Round two examines the rapid expansion of the Japanese utilization of Alaska pollock and the development of the surimi trawlers in the early 1960s. Finally, round three, which will encompass the majority of the subject matter discussed, begins …

The Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela Fishing Agreement, Zaleena K. Chin-Yuen-Kee

Theses and Major Papers

The twin-island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is situated adjacent to the Republic Of Venezuela such that at one point Trinidad is merely seven miles off the northeast coast of Venezuela. Fishing activities of nationals of each country in the waters of the other are therefore common and often lead to conflict. In an attempt to solve the fishing problem a fishing agreement was negotiated. It came into force in 1978 and expired in 1984 whereupon negotiations commenced once more in an attempt to achieve new accord. The fishing industries of both countries and the conflicts which led to the …

A Case Study In Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Gulf Of Maine Dispute, Herbert D. Frerichs Jr.

Theses and Major Papers

The Gulf of Maine area, including Georges Bank, has long been regarded as an area of special interest and importance to United States' fishermen. The riches of Georges Bank were known to New England fishermen in the 18th century, and early in the 19th century, fishermen from Gloucester, Massachusetts developed the halibut fishery on the Bank. Through the 19th century and util the 1950's the Georges Bank fishery was exclusively the province of new England fishermen. However, in the 1960's large factory fleets from the Soviet Union and Japan began to invade the waters of Georges Bank. The wave of …

Interstate Fisheries Management Problems: The Case Of Striped Bass, Richard Randall Schneider

Theses and Major Papers

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis), or rockfish, fishery has been important both commercially and recreationally for decades along the Atlantic seaboard. In recent years, though, the fishery has undergone a serious decline and, as a result, has elicited considerable public concern. Although specific reasons for the decline have not been pinpointed, it is clear that inconsistent management practices within the range of striped bass have done little to help the fishery's condition. An anadromous species, striped bass spawn in the fresh water reaches of estuaries, after which many of the individuals return to the coastal ocean. In the Atlantic, the …

Biology Of The Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) And Fisheries Management Under The Convention On The Conservation Of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Randa Ali Mansour

Theses and Major Papers

Interest in the development of a commercial fishery for Antarctic krill, the lack of a legal regime to govern and promote rational exploitation of Antarctic living resources, and a desire to avoid future conflicts between claimants and non-claimants regarding the control of an Antarctic marine fishery, as well as the desire to set a precedent for management and exploitation of non-living resources were incentives for the negotiation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Furthermore, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties wished to maintain and solidify their control and enhance their collective legitimacy in the Antarctic …

The New England Fishing Industry: A Case For Altering Conditions Of Competition In Both The Fishery And In The Market, William Joseph Brennan

Theses and Major Papers

The New England fishing industry is presented in detail including an historical review, a discussion of current difficulties, and an examination of the public policy dilemma between resource conservation and industry promotion. Continuing efforts to revitalize the United States fishing industry are discussed and underlying problems that have had a negative impact upon the New England industry are outlined. Finally, an alternative public policy approach is developed which addresses fundamental difficulties in the new England region. This approach calls for an elimination of federal financial assistance to the fishing industry and a reduction in the amount of fishery imports reaching …

Economic Genuine Link: Impacts On Liberian Flag Shipping, Victor E. Dougba

Theses and Major Papers

Phasing out of open registries, supported by most developing nations at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), would have triggered a chain reaction among open registries, ship owners, seafarers, and the revenues earned by those supplying shipboard labor. Adherence to the criteria proposed by developing states concerning economic "genuine link" is unsatisfactory to ship owners of developed nations, since it would increase their operating costs. Additionally, if the concept was enforced, it is likely that open registries would have experienced a massive dis-enrollment. The application of three techniques, the Chi-Square Statistic, and Index of Seafarer Displacement, and …

Premium Prices For Quality Fish: A Case Study Of The F/V Odin, John Sackton

Theses and Major Papers

During 1982, the F/V ODIN, a fishing vessel from the Port of New Bedford, participated in a program to improve fish quality on board through use of innovative fish handling techniques. The captain and crew hoped to sell higher quality fish at a premium price. This thesis examines the prices the F/V ODIN received prior to participating in this experiment, the price differentials the vessel actually received for landing higher quality fish, and the impact of the program on the prices received by the ODIN following the project. Overall, the ODIN received a price premium equal to 7.2% of the …

Evaluation Of The U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers' Decision-Making Process For Selection Of Dredged Material Disposal Sites, Brian P. Thompson

Theses and Major Papers

This study evaluates the decision-making process of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) as it applies to the selection of land or open-water disposal sites for sediment from dredging projects planned by the COE. The study seeks to illustrate: 1) the structure of the COE decision-making process as provided for in laws, regulations, and COE policies; 2) the operational, economic, and environmental variables that might influence COE decision-making; 3) how the New England Division of the COE makes decisions on disposal sites for dredged material through consideration of operational, economic and environmental objectives. The study finds that the COE …

Fundy Tidal Power: A Need To Reassess The Environmental Framework Protecting The Transboundary Environment, Robert W. Rudolph

Theses and Major Papers

The concept of harnessing the tides for energy is receiving renewed attention in the maritime provinces of Canada and northeastern United States where a scarcity of indigenous energy resources exists. While proposals for several small tidal power facilities are being considered in Maine, in Canada, Nova Scotia officials are moving ahead with plans for a major tidal power project (4,028 MW) in the Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy. The vast majority of the power generated from this facility is expected to be exported to the New York and New England areas which have a greater energy demand that …

Cooperatives: Their Effectiveness And Limitations For Small-Scale Fisheries Development, Hiroaki Yonesaka

Theses and Major Papers

Increased experience in fisheries cooperatives of developing countries has called into question a long-held presumption about their desirability and feasibility. In this context, this study attempts to reformulate the cooperative approach for small-scale fisheries in a realistic policy framework. First, past failures of fisheries cooperatives are analyzed from three different angles: the uniqueness of the fishing industry, systems intrinsic to the cooperative, and development policy. Second, various possibilities of building viable cooperatives are explored by introducing two key concnpets: the strategic option and the operational option. On the one hand, the strategic option implies that it is imperative to integrate …

Carriage Of The Package By Sea: An Analysis Of Laws Governing Shipowner Liability For Cargo Damange, Amy M. Stone

Theses and Major Papers

This thesis traces the development of laws governing limitation of shipowner liability to cargo owners from the Harter Act to the Hague Rules and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA). The inadequacy of the $500 per package limitation of liability as protection to shippers is illustrated through the use of case studies by comparing the application of this provision to break-bulk shipments when COGSA was first passed to its application today in the age of containerization. The efforts of the major maritime nations to revise the Hague Rules/COGSA system in the Visby Amendments are examined and compared to …

Seasonal Immune Response In Juvenile Summer Flounder Paralichthys Dentatus To The Hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma Bullocki In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Linda Jane Frizzell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Bioeconomic Model Of The Middle Atlantic Surf Clam (Spisula Solidissima) Fishery, Thomas M. Armitage

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A bioeconomic simulation model of the middle Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima) fishery has been developed from a survey of biological and econometric relationships. While identifying the biological input parameters available in the literature, the economic submodel of the fishery has been developed with price and landings time series data, and with data obtained through the use of survey questionnaires and interviews with surf clam fishermen and processors. Alternative management scenarios in the fishery have been evaluated from industry costs in both the harvesting and processing sectors and analysis of the demand for raw product confronting surf clam fishermen. Multiple …

Community Structure Of Demersal Fishes On The Inshore U.S. Atlantic Continental Shelf: Cape Ann, Ma. To Cape Fear, N.C. (United States, Cluster Analysis, Massachusetts, North Carolina), William C. Phoel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Numerical classification analyses (clustering) of spring, summer and fall National Marine Fisheries Service bottom trawl catches on the inshore continental shelf between Cape Ann, Ma. and Cape Fear, N.C., showed consistent species associations and faunal zones over a three year period. Analysis of a data set created by combining all nine survey cruises also produced consistent species associations, however sites clustered by seasons as well as by geographic area. The three faunal provinces of the U.S. east coast (Gulf of Maine, Middle Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight) were represented in the study area, as were the seasonal faunal barriers …

Comparison Of Daily Growth Rates Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus In Habitats Of Different Salinity Regimes, James G. Hoff

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.