Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics: A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes. Appendix 6. Standing Waves On A Pronounced Bar Trough Beach, Nungjane C. Shi, L. D. Wright

Reports

The hypothesis that a pronounced bar-trough surf zone topography favors resonance of standing waves with antinodes located over the bar is examined. Numerical and field investigations of standing waves in a bar-trough surf zone suggest a selective trapping of wave energy at specific resonant frequencies in the subharmonic and the high frequency infragravity bands and a possible suppression of lower frequencies. The resonant frequencies predicted by the numerical model remain fairly constant throughtout the tidal cycle due to the small tidal range typically associated with a bar-trough beach. Cross-shore bar migration changes the resonant frequencies. Numerical simulations show that an …

Nearshore And Surf-Zone Morphodynamics : A Global Environmental Model For Predicting Hazards And Changes, L. D. Wright, N. C. Shi, John D. Boon

Reports

The long-term goal of the project has been to develop improved, accurate predictability of nearshore, surf zone, and beach hydrodynamic and morphologic assemblages, based on lucidation of the universal principles governing nearshore and surf zone morphodynamic behavior.

Comparison Of An Improved Plankton Sampler To The Standard Conical Plankton Net, Ronald S. Schmidt

OES Theses and Dissertations

A comparison of field and tank tests between the standard conical plankton net and an improved version of a plankton sampler is presented. The improved sampler was shown to filter larger quantities of water than the standard net without having the filtration efficiency reduced below 85%. The improved sampler was also shown to capture an increased number of plankton per volume sampled, as a result of eliminating increased avoidance activity by zooplankton. It was not shown that. the improved sampler capture either larger maximum sizes of zooplankton or additional species.

Leachate Monitoring In Naturally Saline Groundwater Chesapeake Landfill Chesapeake Virginia, T. Britt Mcmillan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater chemistry around the Chesapeake municipal landfill was monitored over a one year period. Ten sample sites as well as two surface water sites were used to monitor water quality. Two wells, one at 3 m and the other at 10 m were located at each site. Surface water samples were taken from the Elizabeth River, north of the landfill, and a tidal channel, west of the landfill. Seven groundwater sites were downgradient of the landfill and three sites were upgradient (control sites).

The landfill overlies a tidal marsh, approximately 100 m south of the intracoastal waterway (Elizabeth River). Dredge …

Investigation Of Eddy Population And Motion In The Southern International Ice Patrol Operations Area (40°-47°N By 40°-55°W), Frank J. Williams

OES Theses and Dissertations

A study of the eddy population in the Newfoundland Basin region over the period from November 1981 to December 1984 was conducted. The study was undertaken to demonstrate the importance and basic character of eddy motion in the area patrolled by the International Ice Patrol. This is a descriptive study and no rigorous mathematical solutions are attempted. Data was collected on the number of eddies in the area, their average duration and size, formation, migration and deterioration patterns and rotational velocity. Satellite infrared imagery maintained by National Weather Service and Naval Eastern Oceanographic Center, Canadian Forces METOC Center sea surface …

The Apparent Dissociation Constants Of Carbonic Acid In Low Salinity Waters, Ching-Hui Hsu

OES Theses and Dissertations

The first and second apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in artificial seawater and diluted artificial seawater, K₁ ' and K₂ 1 were determined at selected combinations of temperatures and salinities between 2 to 30° C and 0 to 35 o/oo with special attentions to waters with salinities below 20 o/oo at atmospheric pressure by measuring K₁ ' and the product of K₁ ' and K₂.

The results can be expressed as functions of temperature and salinity by the following equations, pK₁ '=3360.206T^-1 +0. 033331 T-14.8303-0.09633x (Cl^1/2) pK₂ '=14911.671 …

Foraminiferal Paleoenvironments Of The Eastover Formation (Upper Miocene Virginia), Joann H. Goshorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sixty-two taxa representing 29 genera from 39 foraminiferal sample pairs have been documented and analyzed in a paleoenvironmental study of the Eastover Formation in southeastern Virginia. The Eastover Formation consists of a lower Claremont Manor Member, a silt fine-grained sand and an upper Cobham Bay Member, a shelly fine grained sand. Planktonic specimens were rare and indicated a late Miocene to early Pliocene age for the Eastover Formation. Benthics were used to interpret paleoenvironments by comparison with data from the distribution of Recent foraminifera, species diversity, planktonic to benthic ratios, and sediment analyses. The foraminifera indicate that the Eastover Formation …

Macrobenthic Community Structure At The Entrance To The Chesapeake Bay, Roberto Javier Llansa

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Microbial Manganese Reduction By Enrichment Cultures From Coastal Marine Sediments, David J. Burdige, Kenneth H. Nealson

OES Faculty Publications

Manganese reduction was catalyzed by enrichment cultures of anaerobic bacteria obtained from coastal marine sediments. In the absence of oxygen, these enrichment cultures reduced manganates when grown on either lactate, succinate, or acetate in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing artificial seawaters. Sodium azide as well as oxygen completely inhibited microbial manganese reduction by these enrichment cultures, whereas molybdate had no effect on them. The addition of nitrate to the medium slightly decreased the rate of Mn²⁺ production by these enrichment cultures. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the manganese-reducing organisms in these enrichment cultures use manganates as terminal …

Seasonal Immune Response In Juvenile Summer Flounder Paralichthys Dentatus To The Hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma Bullocki In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Linda Jane Frizzell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Monogeneans From The Southern Pacific Ocean: Polyopisthocotyleids From The Australian Fishes, The Subfamily Microcotylinae, W. A. Dillon, William J. Hargis Jr., Antonio E. Harrises

Reports

This seventh in a series of monogenetic trematodes from the Southern Pacific Ocean discusses nine species of Monogenea from Australian waters. Redescriptions are given for Microcotyle arripis Sandars, 1945, M. bassensis Murray, 1931, M. helotes Sandars, 1944, M. nemadactylus Dillon and Hargis, 1965, M. neozealanicus Dillon and Hargis, 1965, M. odacis Sandars, 1945, M. pentapodi Sandars, 1944, and M. temnodontis Sandars, 1945. New locality records are reported for all of the above. New host records are established for Microcotyle bassensis Murray, 1931 and M. neozealanicus Dillon and Hargis, 1965. Microtyle sp. from the gills of Acanthopagrus australis (Gunther) is reported.

A Bioeconomic Model Of The Middle Atlantic Surf Clam (Spisula Solidissima) Fishery, Thomas M. Armitage

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A bioeconomic simulation model of the middle Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima) fishery has been developed from a survey of biological and econometric relationships. While identifying the biological input parameters available in the literature, the economic submodel of the fishery has been developed with price and landings time series data, and with data obtained through the use of survey questionnaires and interviews with surf clam fishermen and processors. Alternative management scenarios in the fishery have been evaluated from industry costs in both the harvesting and processing sectors and analysis of the demand for raw product confronting surf clam fishermen. Multiple …

Energy Utilization Model For Silver Perch, Bairdiella Chrysoura (Bioenergetics, Sciaenidae, Growth, Eelgrass, Chesapeake Bay), Hugh Anthony Brooks

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

An energetics model was constructed as an alternative method to length frequency analysis for the estimation of growth for juvenile silver perch, Bairdiella chrysoura. The model approach was adopted since estimation of juvenile estuarine fish growth by only collecting length or weight frequency data is difficult due to the large bodies of water and variety of microhabitats that must be regularly sampled over short time intervals. Field and laboratory data was included in analysis of model compartments for growth, metabolism, food intake and energy loss in waste products. Food habit studies indicated that silver perch is a planktivore that feeds …

Abundance, Seasonality And Community Structure Of Fishes On The Mid-Atlantic Bight Continental Shelf, James Alden Colvocoresses

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Cluster analyses of seasonal (spring and fall) National Marine Fisheries Service Groundfish Survey bottom trawl catches on the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf revealed consistent species associations and faunal zones over a nine year period during. Boundaries between faunal zones tended to follow isotherms on the inner portions of the shelf and isobaths along the outer shelf. During the late winter/early spring, four faunal zones were identified: a northern inner and middle shelf zone extending from Cape Cod southward to about Delaware Bay, a northern middle and outer shelf zone offshore of the first zone, a southern middle and outer …

Community Structure Of Demersal Fishes On The Inshore U.S. Atlantic Continental Shelf: Cape Ann, Ma. To Cape Fear, N.C. (United States, Cluster Analysis, Massachusetts, North Carolina), William C. Phoel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Numerical classification analyses (clustering) of spring, summer and fall National Marine Fisheries Service bottom trawl catches on the inshore continental shelf between Cape Ann, Ma. and Cape Fear, N.C., showed consistent species associations and faunal zones over a three year period. Analysis of a data set created by combining all nine survey cruises also produced consistent species associations, however sites clustered by seasons as well as by geographic area. The three faunal provinces of the U.S. east coast (Gulf of Maine, Middle Atlantic Bight and South Atlantic Bight) were represented in the study area, as were the seasonal faunal barriers …

A Systematic Revision Of The South American Freshwater Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) (Batoidei, Myliobatiformes, Phylogeny, Biogeography), Ricardo De Souza Rosa

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Three genera are recognized in the family Potamotrygonidae of neotropical freshwater stingrays: Potamotrygon, Paratrygon, and Plesiotrygon, the latter being described as a new genus. Potamotrygon is polytypic, and both Paratrygon and Plesiotrygon are monotypic, as far as known. The family name Potamotrygonidae has priority over Paratrygonidae Gill. Nineteen previously described species of Potamotrygonidae are recognized: Paratrygon aiereba, Potamotrygon brachyura, P. castexi, P. constellata, P. dumerilii, P. falkneri, P. henlei, P. histrix, P. humerosa, P. leopoldi, P. magdalenae, P. motoro, P. ocellata, P. orbignyi, P. schroederi, P. schuemacheri, P. scobina, P. signata, and P. yepezi. One additional specific name is established …

Comparison Of Daily Growth Rates Of The Mummichog, Fundulus Heteroclitus In Habitats Of Different Salinity Regimes, James G. Hoff

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Achievements Of Soviet Scientists In Investigations Of The Helminthofauna Of Marine Animals Of The World Ocean, S. L. Delamure, A. S. Skriabin

Reports

During the last 40 yr (1940 to 1980), Soviet helminthologists have examined about 9,680 specimens of marine mammals In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, using uniform or standard methods In most cases. As a result, 20 new species of trematodes [digeneids], 19 cestodes, 9 acanthocephalans, and 23 nematodes have been described. Also several new supraspecific taxa have been established. Systematic revisions of Campuidae, Tetrabothriidae, Pseudallidae, and Anisakidae have been undertaken. The morphology, adaptation of helminths to their environments and to the host's mode of life, Infection rates and characteristics, and the seasonal and age dynamics of the helmlnthofauna have been …

Operation Manual For The Vims Combined Hydrodynamic-Ecosystem Model (Hem), Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Since about 1970, VIMS has been developing water quality simulation models for the Virginia State Water Control Board under the Cooperative State Agencies (CSA) agreement. Under this agreement, VIMS has conducted field programs and developed and validated a number of water quality models. In order to make this accumulated experience available to the State Water Control Board and others, VIMS has prepared a users' manual and sample cases for the combined hydrodynamic-ecosystem model (HEM).

Effect Of Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen On Sediment-Water Nutrient Flux, C. F. Cerco

Reports

A series of experiments was conducted in order to determine the influence of water-column temperature and dissolved oxygen on sediment-water nutrient flux. Three nutrients were considered: ammoniurn nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ortho phosphorus. Results of the experiments indicated that nutrient concentration in the overlying water had to be considered, as well as temperature and dissolved oxygen, as an independent variable which affected sediment-water nutrient flux.

Sediment-Water Column Exchanges Of Nutrients And Oxygen In The Tidal James And Appomattox Rivers, Carl F. Cerco

Reports

Fluxes between the sediments and overlying water of ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, ortho phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen have been measured in the tidal James and Appomattox Rivers, Va. A total of 68 nutrient flux measures, 203 oxygen flux measures, and 18 control measures were collected in the summer months, 1983 and 1984.

Ammonium is predominantly released from the sediments at a mean rate of 9.82 mg/m /hr. Nitrate is predominantly taken up by the sediments at a mean rate of 1.53 mg/m /hr. Total phosphorus is taken up by the sediments at a mean rate of 1.67 mg/m /hr. Ortho …

Monogeneans From The Southern Pacific Ocean, Polyopisthocotyleids From The Australian Fishes, The Subfamily Polylabrinae And Microcotylinae, W. A. Dillon, William J. Hargis Jr., Antonio E. Harrises

Reports

This sixth of a series on monogenetic trematodes from the Southern Pacific Ocean discusses five species of Monogenea from Australian waters. Polylabris carnivonensis n. sp., from the gills of Leiognathus fasciatus, and Polylabris sigani no. sp., from the gills of Siganus ormin, are described. Polylabris sillaginae (Woolcock, 1936) n. comb and Gonoplasius carangis Sandars, 1944 are redescribed. In order that comparisons can be made between Australian and New Zealand populations, Kahawaia truttae (Dillon and Hargis, 1965) Lebedev, 1969 is briefly I described.

Effects Of El Nino On Local Hydrography And Growth Of The Giant Kelp, Macrocystis Pyrifera, At Santa Catalina Island, California, Richard C. Zimmerman, Deborah L. Robertson

OES Faculty Publications

Deepened isotherms associated with El Niño resulted in severe nutrient limitation and very low kelp productivity during the last half of 1983. Frond growth rates were so low that terminal blades formed before reaching the surface, eliminating the canopy. Frond initiation rates were also extremely low, resulting in significant reductions in mean plant size. Plants growing above 10m were more severely affected than plants at 20m. Nutrient pulses associated with internal waves are thus critical for survival of Macrocystis pyrifera in nutritionally marginal habitats in Southern California.