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Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Domain-Specific Knowledge Extraction From The Web Of Data, Sarasi Lalithsena
Domain-Specific Knowledge Extraction From The Web Of Data, Sarasi Lalithsena
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Domain knowledge plays a significant role in powering a number of intelligent applications such as entity recommendation, question answering, data analytics, and knowledge discovery. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and Semantic Web communities have contributed to the representation and creation of this domain knowledge in a machine-readable form. This has resulted in a large collection of structured datasets on the Web which is commonly referred to as the Web of data. The Web of data continues to grow rapidly since its inception, which poses a number of challenges in developing intelligent applications that can benefit from its use. Majority of …
Measuring Goal Similarity Using Concept, Context And Task Features, Vahid Eyorokon
Measuring Goal Similarity Using Concept, Context And Task Features, Vahid Eyorokon
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Goals can be described as the user's desired state of the agent and the world and are satisfied when the agent and the world are altered in such a way that the present state matches the desired state. For physical agents, they must act in the world to alter it in a series of individual atomic actions. Traditionally, agents use planning to create a chain of actions each of which altering the current world state and yielding a new one until the final action yields the desired goal state. Once this goal state has been achieved, the goal is said …
Degradation Of Select Chlorinated Hydrocarbons By (I) Sulfide-Treated Hydrous Ferric Oxide (Hfo) And (Ii) Hydroxyl Radicals Produced In The Dark By Oxygenation Of Sodium Dithionite-Reduced Hfo, Dhurba Raj Pandey
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A previous work demonstrated that sulfide-treated iron oxides (goethite, hematite, and magnetite) may not show reductive pathways with carbon tetrachloride (CT) as observed with lab-precipitated iron sulfide. We examined the kinetics and products of reaction of sulfide-treated hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) towards select chlorinated hydrocarbons in batch reactors with HFO: HS- molar ratio of 1:1.5 at pH 7. CT, 1,1,2-trichlroethane (1,1,2-TeCA), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA) showed faster kinetics whereas chloroform (CF) showed slower kinetics. Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation was observed at three pHs: 7, 8 and 10; the loss in the reactors were not much different from controls at pH …
A Twitter-Based Study For Understanding Public Reaction On Zika Virus, Roopteja Muppalla
A Twitter-Based Study For Understanding Public Reaction On Zika Virus, Roopteja Muppalla
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In recent times, social media platforms like Twitter have become more popular and people have become more interactive and responsive than before. People often react to every news in real-time and within no-time, the information spreads rapidly. Even with viral diseases like Zika, people tend to share their opinions and concerns on social media. This can be leveraged by the health officials to track the disease in real-time thereby reducing the time lag due to traditional surveys. A faster and accurate detection of the disease can allow health officials to understand people's opinion of the disease and take necessary precautions …
Interpretation Of A Seismic Reflection Survey And Geophysical Well Logs In Jay County, Indiana: Orientation And Composition Of A Carbonate Layer Below The Mount Simon Sandstone, Md Saiful Alam
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In August 2017, a dynamite-sourced 2D seismic reflection survey was conducted along a gravel road northwest of Portland, Indiana. The main focus of the survey was to determine the orientation of a lithologic unit previously identified by Welder (2014) on a similar 2D seismic reflection survey in the same area. Drillers logs of two wells within this area identified a limestone layer below the Mt. Simon Sandstone, and a similar limestone layer was identified in a well drilled in Clark County, Ohio. As the focus of this study, this limestone layer will be informally named the `Votaw limestone'. The seismic …
The Influence Of A Surface On Hysteresis Loops For Single-Domain Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles, Saad Alsari
The Influence Of A Surface On Hysteresis Loops For Single-Domain Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles, Saad Alsari
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The influence of surface effects on a hysteresis loop for single domain, ferromagnetic nanoparticles was examined. Theoretical equations were derived to describe the magnetic behavior of the domains and a MATLAB program was used to solve them. M-H curves were calculated for the case when a magnetic field is applied in the favorable magnetization direction (easy axis). In contrast, the calculations show there were no hysteresis loops when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the easy axis. Our studies showed how parameters of the surface such as a associated with saturation magnetization near the surface of nanoparticles and Ks …
Virtual Doctor: An Intelligent Human-Computer Dialogue System For Quick Response To People In Need, Stavros Mallios
Virtual Doctor: An Intelligent Human-Computer Dialogue System For Quick Response To People In Need, Stavros Mallios
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One of the challenges of our society is the existence of chronic-related conditions and diseases among the elderly and people at risk. Apart from the welfare of people, a significant impact of this phenomenon is the accumulation of high financial costs for both individuals and health care systems. In order to address this issue and to reduce its effects, many efforts have been made towards preventing, identifying in early stages and, generally, managing chronic-related medical conditions and diseases. As a result, there has been a keen research and market interest in health monitoring devices during the past few decades. Nevertheless, …
Implementation Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Reporting Plume Cloud Concentration Values In A 3d Simulation Environment, Emily Catherine Novak
Implementation Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Reporting Plume Cloud Concentration Values In A 3d Simulation Environment, Emily Catherine Novak
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Unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs, have the potential to vastly improve plume cloud tracking at low cost. Plume clouds can be produced from blast mining, chemical warfare, unintended man-made disasters, and natural causes. This thesis provides implementation of the capability to simulate a 3D environment in which UAVs are individually controlled and each report a plume's concentration value at a specific location. It leverages existing industry standard technologies, including the PX4 autopilot system, the Gazebo simulation environment, the Robot Operating System (ROS), and QGroundControl. The provided system integrates the existing tools with a plume model plug-in that provides simulated plume …
A Framework To Understand Emoji Meaning: Similarity And Sense Disambiguation Of Emoji Using Emojinet, Sanjaya Wijeratne
A Framework To Understand Emoji Meaning: Similarity And Sense Disambiguation Of Emoji Using Emojinet, Sanjaya Wijeratne
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Pictographs, commonly referred to as `emoji’, have become a popular way to enhance electronic communications. They are an important component of the language used in social media. With their introduction in the late 1990’s, emoji have been widely used to enhance the sentiment, emotion, and sarcasm expressed in social media messages. They are equally popular across many social media sites including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. In 2015, Instagram reported that nearly half of the photo comments posted on Instagram contain emoji, and in the same year, Twitter reported that the `face with tears of joy’ emoji has been tweeted 6.6 …
River Biofilm Structure And Function In A Resource Landscape Modified By Agriculture: Implications For Primary Consumers, Hannah M. Fazekas
River Biofilm Structure And Function In A Resource Landscape Modified By Agriculture: Implications For Primary Consumers, Hannah M. Fazekas
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Anthropogenic alterations to nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus bioavailability have increased the flux of these resources into the biosphere and altered stream ecosystem function. Streams modify the transport of these resources to receiving ecosystems through uptake, transformation, and mineralization. Understanding how streams process carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus can provide insight about how stream ecosystems function in landscapes where human modification is inescapable. I investigated how land use in agricultural regions affect resource availability to primary producers and consumers and the subsequent impact on stream processes. I surveyed headwater streams in three Lake Erie watersheds to determine spatiotemporal nutrient limitation of attached …
Modeling Of Soil Formation On The Basis Of Chemical Weathering: Applications From Percolation Theory, Fang Yu
Modeling Of Soil Formation On The Basis Of Chemical Weathering: Applications From Percolation Theory, Fang Yu
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The concept of soil formation has been studied since the beginning of 19th century. However, until recently, there has been little concrete progress on developing an analytical result to relate soil depth or quality to measurable variables that represent the five soil-forming factors including time, parent material, topography, climate, and organisms. It has become increasingly clear that soil formation rates are closely related to chemical weathering rates. In this dissertation, we propose a theoretical approach to model soil formation process within the theoretical framework of percolation theory, which has been shown to successfully predict solute transport in heterogeneous media. From …
The Fate And One-Dimensional Transport Of Creighton Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Through Saturated Porous Media, Jessica M. Dagher
The Fate And One-Dimensional Transport Of Creighton Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Through Saturated Porous Media, Jessica M. Dagher
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With the ubiquitous burst of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become indispensable in numerous industrial, medicinal, and research applications. Consequently, AgNPs have been alarmingly disposed into subsurface water increasing the risk of human and environmental exposure. While mechanisms of AgNP cytotoxicity have been reported, research studies on AgNP transport in subsurface water are needed, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The main goal of this study was to investigate the environmental fate and transport of widely-used Creighton colloidal AgNPs in a laboratory transport system simulating a porous, saturated groundwater aquifer. To achieve this, a large volume of AgNPs was …
Slim Embedding Layers For Recurrent Neural Language Models, Zhongliang Li
Slim Embedding Layers For Recurrent Neural Language Models, Zhongliang Li
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Recurrent neural language (RNN) models are the state-of-the-art method for language modeling. When the vocabulary size is large, the space taken to store the model parameters becomes the bottleneck for the use of these type of models. We introduce a simple space compression method that stochastically shares the structured parameters at both the input and output embedding layers of RNN models to significantly reduce the size of model parameters, but still compactly represents the original input and the output embedding layers. The method is easy to implement and tune. Experiments on several data sets show that the new method achieves …
Threats And Mitigation Of Ddos Cyberattacks Against The U.S. Power Grid Via Ev Charging, Glenn Sean Morrison
Threats And Mitigation Of Ddos Cyberattacks Against The U.S. Power Grid Via Ev Charging, Glenn Sean Morrison
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Cars are an ever changing and integral part of modern society. Two of the biggest changes in vehicles today are their heavy integration with wireless communication and the push toward battery powered Electric Vehicles (EV). EV and EV charging stations have become a part of the Internet of Things (IoT). While this connectedness increases the convenience and functionality of the vehicles and charging stations, it also opens them up to a wide range of cyber threats. This thesis examines the potential threats against the EV charging ecosystem through a historical analysis of past cyberattacks and identified vulnerabilities. As EV charging …
Power Scaling Of The Mainland Shoreline Of The Contiguous United States, Erik S. Vasko
Power Scaling Of The Mainland Shoreline Of The Contiguous United States, Erik S. Vasko
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Previous fractal analyses of shoreline roughness have measured the fractal dimension of long segments of shoreline, e.g. Mandelbrot (1983) quantified the shoreline of the west coast of Britain and Feder (1988) quantified the shoreline of Norway. Consequently, changes in roughness along short segments are not captured by the analysis. In this study, the fractal dimension of the mainland shoreline of the contiguous United States has been measured in 125, 250, and 375 km segments using the box-counting method. The box counting method is based on the equation N = c x b where N is number of occupied boxes, C …
Use Of Adaptive Mobile Applications To Improve Mindfulness, Wiehan Boshoff
Use Of Adaptive Mobile Applications To Improve Mindfulness, Wiehan Boshoff
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Mindfulness is the state of retaining awareness of what is happening at the current point in time. It has been used in multiple forms to reduce stress, anxiety, and even depression. Promoting Mindfulness can be done in various ways, but current research shows a trend towards preferential usage of breathing exercises over other methods to reach a mindful state. Studies have showcased that breathing can be used as a tool to promote brain control, specifically in the auditory cortex region. Research pertaining to disorders such as Tinnitus, the phantom awareness of sound, could potentially benefit from using these brain control …
Evaluating Sediments As An Ecosystem Service In Western Lake Erie Through Quantification Of Nitrogen Cycling Pathways, Ashlynn Rose Boedecker
Evaluating Sediments As An Ecosystem Service In Western Lake Erie Through Quantification Of Nitrogen Cycling Pathways, Ashlynn Rose Boedecker
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Lake Erie experiences annual cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs), comprised mostly of non-nitrogen-fixing Microcystis, due to excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs (eutrophication). Lake Erie's watershed is mostly agricultural, and fertilizers, manure, and drainage practices contribute to high nutrient loads. This study aimed to clarify the role of Lake Erie sediments in either exacerbating or mitigating conditions that fuel HABs via recycling and/or removal, respectively, of excess N and P. Sediment-water interface N dynamics were evaluated in low HAB (2016, dry) and high HAB (2017, wet spring and early summer) years. Intact sediment cores and overlying water were collected …
An Autonomous Intelligent Robotic Wheelchair To Assist People In Need: Standing-Up, Turning-Around And Sitting-Down, Iosif Papadakis Ktistakis
An Autonomous Intelligent Robotic Wheelchair To Assist People In Need: Standing-Up, Turning-Around And Sitting-Down, Iosif Papadakis Ktistakis
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The world’s ageing population has significantly increased over the last decades, which will result in one of the most significant transformations of the twenty-first century. As people age, they become more vulnerable to diseases and their health may need constant monitoring. At the same time, the number of people who have some kind of disability is also increasing. These people with disabilities may need daily assistance and monitoring of their health condition that is provided by specialists (health providers) at a high cost. A possible solution to the aforementioned problem comes from the assistive and intelligent robotics research area. The …
Developing A Kinect Based Holoportation System, Soumya Chiday
Developing A Kinect Based Holoportation System, Soumya Chiday
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Holographic communication and distributed collaboration offer great potential for empathic computing to help remove the cost, distance, language and expertise barriers in many social and economic activities. Recent advances in AR-enhanced communication as evident by Microsoft Holoportation technology demonstrate the progress toward fully immersive collaborations distributed and remotely. Current holoportation system requires the use of extensive camera-arrays and powerful server system due to the computation demand and sensory needs to capture and reconstruct the subject of interests Thus, they suffer in mobility and applicability in real-world scenarios. In this thesis, we present an ultra-portable holoportation system design that requires only …
Chemical Applications Of Transition Metal Nanomaterials: Nanoscale Toughening Mechanism Of Molybdenum Disulfide-Epoxy Nanocomposites And Mammalian Toxicity Of Silver Nanoparticles, John David Ryan
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The emerging world of nanotechnology has been of great interest within the last few decades. In this regard, nanomaterials have since been implemented in a number of commercial applications including: aerospace technology, coatings, sensors, and biomedical technology. This work aimed to elucidate upon the applications of transition metal nanomaterials in two separate experimental studies. The first of these studies involved the investigation of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles, and their role in the toughening mechanism of epoxy composites. Two separate exfoliation techniques were implanted to target the influence surface chemistry of the nanomaterial and solvent quality had on the bulk …
Augment The Multi-Modal Interaction Capabilities Of Hololens Through Networked Sensory Devices, Subhadra Tummalapally
Augment The Multi-Modal Interaction Capabilities Of Hololens Through Networked Sensory Devices, Subhadra Tummalapally
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Augmented Reality (AR) places virtual contents along with real objects to enhance user perception in the physical environment. It is a technology that has shown great potential in many industries such as medicine, education and transportation. AR devices, such as Microsoft HoloLens, come with multi-modal interaction capabilities, such as voice, gesture and gaze, to support intuitive and reliable human-computer interactions. However, HoloLens gesture support is limited to simple gestures like tap, bloom and hold, it stops short to support meaningful interaction through full hand gesture and motion tracking, which may be critical in field operations of various industry practices in …
Using Natural Language Processing And Machine Learning For Analyzing Clinical Notes In Sickle Cell Disease Patients, Shufa Khizra
Using Natural Language Processing And Machine Learning For Analyzing Clinical Notes In Sickle Cell Disease Patients, Shufa Khizra
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Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary disorder in red blood cells that can lead to excruciating pain episodes. SCD causes the normal red blood cells to distort its shape and turn into sickle shape. The distorted shape makes the hemoglobin inflexible and stick to the walls of the vessels thereby obstructing the free flow of blood and eventually making the tissues suffer from lack of oxygen. The lack of oxygen causes serious problems including Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS), stroke, infection, organ damage, and over the lifetime an SCD can harm a persons spleen, brain, kidneys, eyes, bones. Sickling of …
Multi-Scale And Multi-Modal Streaming Data Aggregation And Processing For Decision Support During Natural Disasters, Shruti Kar
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With the surge in digital information systems, there is a data deluge from various sources that can be analyzed and integrated to produce relevant, reliable and actionable information, for better decision making. We employ multi-modal data (i.e., unstructured text, gazetteers, and imagery) for an aggregate level analysis and location-centric demand/request matching in the context of disaster relief. After classifying the Need expressed in a tweet (the WHAT), we leverage OpenStreetMap to geolocate that Need on a computationally accessible map of the local terrain (the WHERE) populated with location features such as hospitals and housing. Further, our novel use of flood …
Synthesis Of 5-Methyl-3-Phenyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2(3h)-One Derivatives By Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Amanda Solis Conde
Synthesis Of 5-Methyl-3-Phenyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2(3h)-One Derivatives By Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Amanda Solis Conde
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An important research element in the Turnbull laboratory has been the one-pot synthesis of 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one from sydnone. The present study reexamined the reaction of 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one with electrophiles and optimized methods for synthesis of oxadiazolinone derivatives. Further the oxadiazolinone derivatives were reacted with electrophiles to better comprehend the donating ability of the oxadiazolinone ring system in general with the expectation that the oxadiazolinone ring system is a slightly donating system. Additionally, when the structure assignment of the oxadiazolinone derivative was ambiguous, the corresponding oxadiazolinone or it’s isomer was synthesized from the appropriate sydnone to validate or refute the suggested structure. The …
Establishing A Quality Assurance Routine For Digital Imaging, Sulaiman Rana Al
Establishing A Quality Assurance Routine For Digital Imaging, Sulaiman Rana Al
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In the clinical medical physics field, Quality Assurance (QA) is a fundamental topic to insure patient safety and effective treatment. In recent years, the imaging hardware for diagnostic x-rays has been shifting to fully digital detectors. However, the quality assurance tests for such detectors in the clinical setting is still under development. In the Medical Imaging Department of Kettering Hospital (Kettering, OH), the currently accepted method of performing QA on detectors is to use an extensive set of tests suggested by the manufacturer. This set of tests requires about 90 minutes, which is too long for daily use. The goal …
Determination Of Dose Effects When Including Attenuation Of The Treatment Table Into Treatment Planning Computer Modeling, Abdullah Alshamrany
Determination Of Dose Effects When Including Attenuation Of The Treatment Table Into Treatment Planning Computer Modeling, Abdullah Alshamrany
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During radiation treatment, the patient commonly lies on a horizontal treatment table called a couch. The material used for the couch is chosen during the manufacturing process so as to minimize the effect of the couch on dose delivery, but it still has an effect. In addition to couch attenuation on the beam, the modern approach of using multiple beam angles for dose delivery makes treatment planning in the presence of the couch more challenging. However, the effect of the couch is not always considered when creating treatment plans, generally due to treatment planning software limitations. In this evaluation, the …
A Model For Seasonal Dynamic Networks, Jace D. Robinson
A Model For Seasonal Dynamic Networks, Jace D. Robinson
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Sociotechnological and geospatial processes exhibit time varying structure that make insight discovery challenging. This paper presents statistical model of systems with seasonal dynamics, modeled as a dynamic network, to address this challenge. It assumes the probability of edge formations depend on a type assigned to incident nodes and the current time. Time dependencies are modeled by unique seasonal processes. The model is studied on several synthetic and real datasets. Superior fidelity of this model on seasonal datasets compared to existing network models, while being able to remain equally accurate for networks with randomly changing structure, is shown. The model is …
Lead In Tap Water From The City Of Dayton, Ohio, Kayla Marie Haman
Lead In Tap Water From The City Of Dayton, Ohio, Kayla Marie Haman
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Lead (Pb) in public tap water is a national health concern and is the main pathway of human exposure to Pb. The City of Dayton has verified Pb pipelines and homes with Pb plumbing; thus, residents are at risk to Pb leaching into their tap water. I sampled water from 130 residential and 24 public water taps and measured Pb and copper (Cu). Five percent of samples exceeded the action level for Pb (> 15 [micro]g/L) and none exceeded the action level for Cu. The City of Dayton's lead pipeline map identifies potential Pb exposure from Pb distribution pipes. However, …
Geophysical Exploration Of The Upper Crust Underlying North-Central Indiana: New Insight Into The Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province, Michael Ray Green
Geophysical Exploration Of The Upper Crust Underlying North-Central Indiana: New Insight Into The Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province, Michael Ray Green
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This study analyzes ten 2D seismic lines donated by CountryMark together with potential field data to examine the upper crustal structure near Wabash, Indiana. These seismic profiles reveal significant relief of the Precambrian Unconformity and prominent upper crustal reflections. The Precambrian Unconformity interpreted from the unmigrated stacked seismic sections is characterized by undulations and bowtie artifacts. Zero offset seismic models constructed using profiles of the exposed Precambrian Unconformity across the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province outcrops of the St. Francois Mountains feature the same seismic expression. The upper crust below the Precambrian Unconformity on the Countrymark seismic sections is also characterized by …
Content-Based Clustering And Visualization Of Social Media Text Messages, Sydney A. Barnard
Content-Based Clustering And Visualization Of Social Media Text Messages, Sydney A. Barnard
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Although Twitter has been around for more than ten years, crisis management agencies and first response personnel are not able to fully use the information this type of data provides during a crisis or natural disaster. This thesis addresses clustering and visualizing social media data by textual similarity, rather than by only time and location, as a tool for first responders. This thesis presents a tool that automatically clusters geotagged text data based on their content and displays the clusters and their locations on the map. It allows at-a-glance information to be displayed throughout the evolution of a crisis. For …