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Articles 1 - 30 of 218
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Different Approaches To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance, Samantha Biaesch
Different Approaches To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance, Samantha Biaesch
Chemistry
In the recent years, there has been a growing demand for the development of antibiotic treatments as bacterial infections have acquired defense mechanisms to commonly used antibiotics, such as penicillin. During the growth of bacterial cells, resistant mutants are able to survive antibiotic treatment and continue proliferation. Thus, creating a resistant bacterial cell population that can no longer be targeted through antibiotic treatment. Due to the recent need of new approaches, there has been an explosion of research in developing techniques that combat bacterial resistance. Both bacteriophage-RNA aptamer binding and modifications in bacterial tRNA show potential to be exploited for …
Characterization Of An Amine-Thiol Cosolvent System : Ethylenediamine And Mercaptoethanol, Fernanda Giongo Fernandes
Characterization Of An Amine-Thiol Cosolvent System : Ethylenediamine And Mercaptoethanol, Fernanda Giongo Fernandes
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since its introduction, the amine-thiol cosolvent system has been successfully utilized for the deposition of various thin-film devices, but its mechanism of action is still uncertain. Herein, we have attempted to dissect some of the chemical characteristics of amine-thiol cosolvents, with a special interest taken towards a mixture of ethylenediamine (en) and mercaptoethanol (ME). Conductivity was measured for multiple amine-thiol combinations at different ratios to determine extent of ionization in solution, with en-ME having one of the highest solution conductivities. Exposing the solution to air for several days was found to decrease the conductivity of en-ME, indicating the formation of …
Turning Density Functional Theory Calculations Into Molecular Mechanics Simulations : Establishing The Fluctuating Density Model For Rna Nucleobases, Christopher A. Myers
Turning Density Functional Theory Calculations Into Molecular Mechanics Simulations : Establishing The Fluctuating Density Model For Rna Nucleobases, Christopher A. Myers
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Molecular mechanics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) have been the backbone of computational chemistry for decades. Due to its accuracy and computational feasibility, DFT has become the go-to method for theoretically predicting interaction energies, polarizability, and other electronic properties of small molecules at the quantum mechanical level. Although less fundamental than DFT, molecular mechanics (MM) algorithms have been just as influential in the fields of biology and chemistry, owing their success to the ability to compute measurable, macroscopic quantities for systems with tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of atoms at a time. Nevertheless, MD simulations would …
Soil From Footwear Is A Newly Rediscovered Type Of Forensic Evidence Due To The Application Of Modern Analytical Techniques : A Review, Rhilynn Haley Ogilvie
Soil From Footwear Is A Newly Rediscovered Type Of Forensic Evidence Due To The Application Of Modern Analytical Techniques : A Review, Rhilynn Haley Ogilvie
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Traces of soil discovered on a footwear were historically among the first types of evidence used by crime scene investigators. This type of evidence has been rediscovered recently due to the application of powerful analytical techniques providing quantitative characteristics of the soil (bio)chemical composition. Advanced statistical analysis of the quantitative data further improves the probative value of the soil evidence. The article overview main aspects of the emerging techniques for the forensic soil analysis and the factors that challenge data interpretation including mixing, contamination, and composition complexity. Overcoming these issues is crucial for utilizing soil analysis for forensic purposes.
An Ims-Ms/Md Workflow For Determining Higher Order Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleic Acids, Rebecca D'Esposito
An Ims-Ms/Md Workflow For Determining Higher Order Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleic Acids, Rebecca D'Esposito
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has potential for the investigation of structure and dynamics in large biopolymers, which will come to full fruition only with a firmer understanding of how to interpret the experimental data. Numerous studies have employed elements of nucleic acid (NA) secondary structure, such as duplexes and hairpins, to explore the relationships between structure, experimental conditions, and actual observations. When combined with molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), IMS-MS can be effectively employed to perform structural elucidation of biomolecules that are not readily amenable to established techniques employed for structural analysis.
Amyloid Fibril Formation And Polymorphism : A Critical Role Of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Residues, Tatiana Quiñones-Ruiz
Amyloid Fibril Formation And Polymorphism : A Critical Role Of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid Residues, Tatiana Quiñones-Ruiz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Protein aggregation that results in the formation of amyloid fibrils has been linked to many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The sulfur atoms in methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) residues of proteins can be readily oxidized, significantly affecting their properties. Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids has recently been shown to affect protein fibrillation. This work presents novel findings on Cys and Met redox reactions that are related to the formation of amyloid fibrils and on the polymorphism of a model fibrillogenic protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). Biophysical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron paramagnetic …
Probing The Stability And Solution Processability Of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconducting Materials, Mengwen Yan
Probing The Stability And Solution Processability Of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconducting Materials, Mengwen Yan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Metal chalcogenide (MCh) semiconductors have long research history due to their earth abundance, easy synthesizability, and accessible band gap tunability. People have realized their functionality as p-type semiconductors that provide good hole mobility and conductivity within the materials. However, MChs have easier reaction pathway with gas molecules (H2O and O2) compared to other semiconductors such as metal oxides. Also, poor solution processability of all MChs make low-cost thin film fabrication methods hard to achieve. In this thesis, we target to understand both the chemical stability and solution processability of MCh materials. ZnSe based inorganic organic layered hybrids (LHs) were exfoliated …
Raman Spectroscopy Of Aged Waterlogged Bones: Protocol Optimization, Bailey Hoplight
Raman Spectroscopy Of Aged Waterlogged Bones: Protocol Optimization, Bailey Hoplight
Chemistry
Current methods used for determining the age buried bones for forensic purposes are heavily affected by environmental conditions, can be susceptible to scientific bias and the interpretation can vary from investigator to investigator. Raman Spectroscopy can potentially be used as an automatic method to analyze the composition of bone eliminating the human factor. To test this hypothesis, we will use Raman spectroscopy to potentially identify the burial time of bones. The change in the chemical composition of the pig bones was probed using a Raman spectrometer with a 785nm excitation wavelength. Other parameters of the Raman instrument were optimized to …
Long-Term Trends And Variability Of Pm₂.₅ Mass, Chemical Components, And Sources Over Nys, Hesham Abdelmonem Hassan
Long-Term Trends And Variability Of Pm₂.₅ Mass, Chemical Components, And Sources Over Nys, Hesham Abdelmonem Hassan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Eighteen years of ambient PM2.5 mass and major components are used in this study to harmonize the carbonaceous fraction of PM2.5 data, and to examine long-term trends and seasonal variability changes. The major decreasing trend of PM2.5 mass and major inorganic ions reflects the ambient concentration response to clean air regulations and policies.Although elemental carbon shows a decreasing trend in agreement with most other PM2.5 components, organic carbon shows a different behavior of no-trend to slightly increasing trend in some sites. Organic carbon behavior indicates the growing role of non-combustion sources at the expense of decreasing combustion sources. Seasonal trends …
An Entropic Approach To Dynamics, Pedro Henrique Moreira Pessoa
An Entropic Approach To Dynamics, Pedro Henrique Moreira Pessoa
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present thesis deals with different aspects of probability, the method of maximum entropy, information geometry, and dynamical systems and their applications to statistical physics and complex systems. Those topics come together in the framework for dynamics termed entropic dynamics. Work on the topic was initiated by my PhD advisor Professor Ariel Caticha and many colleagues at University at Albany as a method for explaining the dynamical processes in quantum mechanics from first principles of probability theory.
Fluorescent Labelling Of Ribosomal Rna In Live Mammalian Cells, Amir Agharezaee
Fluorescent Labelling Of Ribosomal Rna In Live Mammalian Cells, Amir Agharezaee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis describes a bio-orthogonal chemistry-based approach for new methods of fluorescence labelling of RNA in live HeLa cells via an IEDDA reaction of TCO with tetrazine. The key step of the approach is synthesis of two nucleobase analogues which were modified with TCO and a masked 5′-phosphate group using aryl phosphonamidite chemistry. Synthesis of tubercidin and uridine analogues were considered in this investigation for incorporation into RNA in live HeLa cells. Synthetic approach was successful at installing the handle containing TCO to tubercidin and uridine to make compounds 12 and 21 respectively (the synthesis of both of which are …
Discrimination Between Human And Non-Human Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy And A Self-Reference Algorithm For Forensic Purposes : Method Expansion And Validation, Harrison Dickler
Discrimination Between Human And Non-Human Blood Using Raman Spectroscopy And A Self-Reference Algorithm For Forensic Purposes : Method Expansion And Validation, Harrison Dickler
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Determining whether the origin of a bloodstain is human or non-human is an important capability of a forensic investigation. In their pioneering work, Bian et al. (Journal of biomedical optics, 2017) introduced a self-reference peak algorithm for the analysis of bloodstain Raman spectra and demonstrated a great potential of this approach for differentiating human and nonhuman blood. However, this work only used three non-human species in the creation of their model. This study investigates the capability of a self-referencing peak algorithm to discriminate between human and 18 non-human species based on the Raman spectra of blood samples. The intensity ratios …
Methodology Studies For Dearomatized Dimer And Beta-Lactone-Mediated Native Chemical Ligation In Organic Synthesis, Xinhao Fan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Chapter 1: Dimers of naphthalenol derivatives were synthesized by photocatalysis, cobalt(II) acetylacetonate. Several functional groups were tolerant of its skeleton. This novel dimer was connected through a reversible sigma bond. Its reversibility was confirmed by chiral HPLC and 1H-NMR experiments. Through EPR and Stern-Volmer quenching experiments, we proposed the reaction mechanism. The reversibility property can be potentially beneficial in polymers, self-healing, and memory materials.Chapter 2: We report an epimerization-free native chemical ligation reaction by β-lactone-mediated peptides. This approach can achieve Thr-Xaa efficiently and rapidly. Besides, it has a broad side-chain tolerance. Through the competition reaction experiment, it was demonstrated that …
Synthesis Of Oligonucleotides Containing Unnatural Backbone And Regulation Of Crispr Activity Using Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Chemistry, Alyssa Hoy
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis describes the synthesis of an oligonucleotide containing an unnatural neutralbackbone. The backbone was constructed using bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels- Alder chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine (Tz). A TCO phosphoramidite was synthesized and attached to solid support for strand propagation. Uridine monomers containing either bis-TCO or bis-Tz were also synthesized. The oligonucleotide strand was formed by sequential ligation of the bis-Tz and bis-TCO monomers. The oligonucleotide was analyzed using mass spectrometry. This thesis also describes the synthesis of sgRNAs containing non-canonical nucleobases, m1A, m6A, s2U and s4U using the ‘split-and-click’ methodology. The synthetic sgRNAs were assembled using …
Development And Applications Of Touch Chemistry Biometrics Analysis Of Latent Fingermarks By Maldi-Ms, Cameron M. Longo
Development And Applications Of Touch Chemistry Biometrics Analysis Of Latent Fingermarks By Maldi-Ms, Cameron M. Longo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Fingerprint evidence has long been a pillar of forensic science and has been used for over a century as a means of identifying an individual. This is accomplished through the comparison of friction ridge patterns, which are inherently unique to each individual, and the practice of visualizing fingerprints and comparing them has become a well-studied field. While these techniques have been optimized and improved over time, they generally rely only on the physical pattern to provide information about the donor, and not the content of the fingerprint material itself. In the modern era, steps have been made to extract from …
First Homoleptic Rare Rarth Metal Complexes With Doubly-Reduced Dibenzocyclooctatetraene, James C. Mahoney
First Homoleptic Rare Rarth Metal Complexes With Doubly-Reduced Dibenzocyclooctatetraene, James C. Mahoney
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A set of novel complexes of rare earth elements, M(III) = Y, La, Gd, Tb, and Dy, with the doubly-reduced dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) anion has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized for the first time. Preparation of new complexes has been accomplished through the ligand-metathesis reaction of M(III) triiodides with K2(DBCOT) in THF at ambient conditions. Subsequent crystallization via slow solvent evaporation afforded single crystals of good quality. X-ray diffraction technique confirmed that all complexes are isomorphous and conform to the [M(DBCOT)(THF)4][M(DBCOT)2] composition. In their crystal structures, the monoanionic double-decker sandwiches, [M(DBCOT)2], weakly interact with the cationic counterparts, [M(DBCOT)(THF)4]+. In both parts, …
Uio-Type Metal-Organic Framework Derivatives As Sorbents For The Detection Of Gas-Phase Explosives, Matthew Ryan Sherrill
Uio-Type Metal-Organic Framework Derivatives As Sorbents For The Detection Of Gas-Phase Explosives, Matthew Ryan Sherrill
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The detection of energetic compounds – better known to the public as explosives – has is an important cornerstone of counterterrorism and homeland security . While significant advances have been achieved for the detection of trace explosives in various matrices such as soil, wastewater, and clothing, the detection of explosives in the gas phase remains challenging due to their infamously low vapor pressures. In this thesis, we leverage the high sensitivity of direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and the microporosity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to adsorb and therefore concentrate explosives from the vapor phase and subsequently detect them …
Photopolymers : Environmentally Benign Technology For A Variety Of Industries, Tatyana Tarasevich
Photopolymers : Environmentally Benign Technology For A Variety Of Industries, Tatyana Tarasevich
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Photopolymerization is a well-known process with applications in a variety of industries. Photopolymers are formed by a reaction of monomers or oligomers, photoinitiators and in some cases crosslinkers. Upon irradiation with UV or visible light, monomers undergo conformational change to form polymers via a photochemical process. Several photopolymerization types will be discussed in this thesis. End products of photopolymerizations included epoxies, inks, coatings, photoresists, etc.
Raman Spectroscopy For Forensic Identification Of Body Fluid Traces: Method Validation For Potential False Negatives Caused By Blood-Affecting Diseases, Niara Nichols
Chemistry
Two critical issues in forensic science are identifying body fluid traces found at crime scenes and preserving them for DNA analysis. However, the majority of current biochemical tests for body fluid identification, which are applicable at the crime scene, are presumptive and destructive to the sample. Raman Spectroscopy provides a suitable alternative to current methods as a nondestructive, confirmatory, and potentially in field method. Our laboratory has developed a chemometric model for the identification of five main body fluids using Raman spectroscopy. This model was developed using samples obtained from healthy donors. Thus, it is of most importance for the …
Development Of Bioaffinity Based Assays For Forensic Applications, Juliana Maria Agudelo Cano
Development Of Bioaffinity Based Assays For Forensic Applications, Juliana Maria Agudelo Cano
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the field of forensic science, body fluids are a major contributor of evidence in investigations. However, body fluids are usually used only for their genetic content, overlooking its unique composition of proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds that often serve as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. This investigation aimed to develop simple, effective, and economical models that can be used to identify different attributes of the originator. The focus of this research was to develop biocatalytic cascades that could analyze body fluids by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. These models could be implemented in forensic settings, as well as in biometric authentications. The central …
Development Of Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Catalysis, Sarbjeet Kaur
Development Of Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Catalysis, Sarbjeet Kaur
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
MicroRNA (miRNA), as a distinct class of biological regulators and a ”guide” member of non-coding RNA-protein complexes (RNPs), regulates more than 60% of protein-coding genes expression through base-pairing with targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Most of miRNAs identified in human, are conserved in other animals, which have preferentially conserved interaction sites particularly in 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) of many human messenger mRNAs.The capability of a single miRNA to target more than hundreds of mRNAs, suggests that miRNAs influence essentially all developmental process and diseases, which also makes them interesting candidates as therapeutics agents. The primary …
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Molecular Simulation Of Rna Conformational Dynamics : An Example Of Micro-Rna Targeting Messenger Rna : Mir-34a-Msirt1, Parisa Ebrahimi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
MicroRNA (miRNA), as a distinct class of biological regulators and a ”guide” member of non-coding RNA-protein complexes (RNPs), regulates more than 60% of protein-coding genes expression through base-pairing with targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) in the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Most of miRNAs identified in human, are conserved in other animals, which have preferentially conserved interaction sites particularly in 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) of many human messenger mRNAs.The capability of a single miRNA to target more than hundreds of mRNAs, suggests that miRNAs influence essentially all developmental process and diseases, which also makes them interesting candidates as therapeutics agents. The primary …
Two Dimensional Nanoparticles/Nanozymes For Biosensing Augmented By Machine Learning, Nidhi Chintan Nandu
Two Dimensional Nanoparticles/Nanozymes For Biosensing Augmented By Machine Learning, Nidhi Chintan Nandu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Biosensing is an ever-evolving field with many resources devoted towards new approaches in sensing and refining the existing methods. For a long time, such approaches involved use of state-of-the-art instruments and were often proved to be time consuming and expensive. Nanoparticles with their unique properties, inexpensive synthesis and ease of manipulation have found purpose in myriad fields including biosensing. Different nanoparticles based on their composition, morphology, dimensionality, and surface modifications have already gained foot hold in the biosensor ranks. The unique opto-electric properties due to the quantum effect in the nanoparticles have also made them one of the leading alternatives …
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Comparison Of Raman Spectra Of Smokeless Powders For Cartridge Differentiation, Nathan Bartlett
Chemistry
As crimes involving firearms continue to be prevalent, forensic methods processing firearms evidence must keep pace with the changes in said evidence. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, or SEM-EDS, is a method that targets the inorganic portions of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence, namely lead, barium, and antimony, to characterize a cartridge used at a crime scene, and was the most often used analysis method for characterizing ammunition cartridges. The rise of lead-free ammunition has made it so that SEM-EDS alone is not sufficient for the characterization of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR), and studies have shifted towards being able …
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
The Business Of Chemistry: The Effect Of Chemical Innovation On The U.S. Cosmetics Market, Tania Gonzalez
Chemistry
This study discusses the relationship between two distinct fields of study: chemistry and economics. Chemistry is a business in itself and has major effects on the US economy. Examining the U.S cosmetics market and the recent development of organic products will show the effect on market growth and the growing importance of organic cosmetics in the United States. The recent awareness and concern for eco-friendly and safer ingredients fueled by millennials is discussed. The average annual expenditure in the U.S. cosmetics market is examined and inflation is taken into account. The purpose is to show the importance of research in …
A Project To Dye For : Differentiation Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Human Hairs Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph John Greco
A Project To Dye For : Differentiation Of Dyed And Non-Dyed Human Hairs Using Atr Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Joseph John Greco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
IR spectroscopy is widely utilized for forensic purposes due to the chemical fingerprint the method provides. ATR FT-IR spectroscopy is particularly advantageous because it allows for spectra to be collected quickly, accurately, and perhaps most importantly for forensics, non-destructively. Human hair is commonly collected at a crime scene, and further analyzed using DNA analysis and microscopy. However, these techniques have limitations. In the past ATR FT-IR spectroscopy has shown promise in the analysis of human hair for forensic purposes. In this study, the differentiation of undyed hair versus dyed hair classes of varying colors based on their IR spectra were …
Polymers In Drug Delivery Systems, Aashay Paresh Pratap
Polymers In Drug Delivery Systems, Aashay Paresh Pratap
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Conventional drug delivery is associated with challenges such as low bioavailability, reduced half-life, nonspecific interactions, high immunogenicity, and degradation of drug before reaching the target. Modern drug delivery systems are designed to overcome the challenges of conventional drug delivery methods. Polymers play a crucial role in the development of modern drug delivery systems. Polymers form delivery vehicles that improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of a drug. Furthermore, it is possible to control the release of drug by using the delivery vehicles. Polymeric vehicles exist in different forms such as polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, and vesicles. Each form …
Novel Functional Proteomics Techniques For Multiplex And Single Cell Cytokines Detection, Mohammed Abdullah
Novel Functional Proteomics Techniques For Multiplex And Single Cell Cytokines Detection, Mohammed Abdullah
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since the early stages of biological research, the vital role of molecules in living creatures has been investigated and documented. According to Francis Watson's definition of the central dogma of biology, proteins are the final product of molecular biology and can't transfer information to other proteins like DNA or mRNA. Therefore, they are considered as the functional molecules of biology making them are more clinically relevant. However, the available techniques to study the protein characters, which coined laterally as proteomics science, are not well developed as genomics techniques did. Since the first human genome project is finished, the cost of …
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy To Determine The Time Since Deposition Of Heated Bloodstains, Alexis Pearl Barber
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy To Determine The Time Since Deposition Of Heated Bloodstains, Alexis Pearl Barber
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The development of novel forensic methods is a rapidly growing area within analytical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is well suited for forensic analyses as a plethora of information can be ascertained from utilizing a wide variety of techniques. At the scene of violent crimes, bloodstain evidence is one of the most frequently found and valuable types of evidence. This is because blood is a complex biological fluid which can provide crucial information during a forensic investigation including DNA evidence. The most informative form of analysis is DNA profiling, which potentially allows for the identification of an individual. However, there is more …