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- Keyword
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- Autophagy (2)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (2)
- Follicular dendritic cells (2)
- HIV (2)
- Linear ion trap (2)
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- Mass spectrometry (2)
- Miniaturization (2)
- SOD1 (2)
- Toroidal ion trap (2)
- 14-3-3ζ (1)
- AMPK (1)
- ATG9A (1)
- Acetylation (1)
- Acylation (1)
- Allylic aminations (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Ambient desorption/ionization (1)
- Aminohydroxylation (1)
- Anti dehydration (1)
- Azaheterocycles (1)
- Biomarker analysis (1)
- CCT (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Chaotic motion (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Chemoresistance (1)
- Collisional cooling model (1)
- Computer simulation (1)
- Critical Field (1)
Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Capacity Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells To Eliminate Follicular Dendritic Cells Bearing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Complexes, Matthew T. Ollerton
Capacity Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells To Eliminate Follicular Dendritic Cells Bearing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Complexes, Matthew T. Ollerton
Theses and Dissertations
An important obstacle to a functional cure for HIV/AIDS is the persistence of viral reservoirs found throughout the body in various cells and tissues. Reservoirs can be latently infected cells, or in the case of follicular dendritic cells (FDC), non-infected cells that trap infectious virus on their surface through immune complexes (HIV-IC). Although several strategies have been employed to target and eliminate viral reservoirs, they are short-lived and ineffective. In an attempt to provide a long-term approach, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells were designed to eliminate native HIV on FDCs. Although effective at eliminating HIV-infected cells, and halting spreading …
Ion Trajectory Simulations And Design Optimization Of Toroidal Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers, Jessica Marie Higgs
Ion Trajectory Simulations And Design Optimization Of Toroidal Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers, Jessica Marie Higgs
Theses and Dissertations
Ion traps can easily be miniaturized to become portable mass spectrometers. Trapped ions can be ejected by adjusting voltage settings of the radiofrequency (RF) signal applied to the electrodes. Several ion trap designs include the quadrupole ion trap (QIT), cylindrical ion trap (CIT), linear ion trap (LIT), rectilinear ion trap (RIT), toroidal ion trap, and cylindrical toroidal ion trap. Although toroidal ion traps are being used more widely in miniaturized mass spectrometers, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of how the toroidal electric field affects ion motion, and therefore, the ion trap's performance as a mass analyzer. Simulation programs …
Capacity Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells To Eliminate Follicular Dendritic Cells Bearing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Complexes, Matthew T. Ollerton
Capacity Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells To Eliminate Follicular Dendritic Cells Bearing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Complexes, Matthew T. Ollerton
Theses and Dissertations
An important obstacle to a functional cure for HIV/AIDS is the persistence of viral reservoirs found throughout the body in various cells and tissues. Reservoirs can be latently infected cells, or in the case of follicular dendritic cells (FDC), non-infected cells that trap infectious virus on their surface through immune complexes (HIV-IC). Although several strategies have been employed to target and eliminate viral reservoirs, they are short-lived and ineffective. In an attempt to provide a long-term approach, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells were designed to eliminate native HIV on FDCs. Although effective at eliminating HIV-infected cells, and halting spreading …
Semiconductor Terahertz Electronics And Novel High-Speed Single-Shot Measurements, Parker Dean Salmans
Semiconductor Terahertz Electronics And Novel High-Speed Single-Shot Measurements, Parker Dean Salmans
Theses and Dissertations
Ultrafast spectroscopy is used to study essential characteristics of solid-state materials. We use ultrafast techniques to study semiconductors at THz frequencies, as well as demonstrate new single-shot measurement techniques. The future of electronics is in the THz regime. We study a crucial characteristic of semiconductors used in devices: the critical field at which the material becomes conductive. GaAs is a promising semiconductor for high-speed devices, and we use enhanced THz electric fields to measure the critical fields at 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.5 THz frequencies. Single-shot spectroscopy is a technique used to measure ultrafast time scale laser pulses. We show …
Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Cyclizations For The Synthesis Of Azaheterocycles And The Total Synthesis Of Yaku'amide A, Yu Cai
Theses and Dissertations
Two different research projects are described in this dissertation. The first one focuses on microwave-promoted iminyl radical cyclization for the formation of azaheterocycles which are embedded within numerous pharmaceuticals and biologically active natural products (such as clindamycin, eletriptan, moxiflaxin, etc.). We are quite interested in this project because of the significance of nitrogen-containing heterocycles as pharmaceuticals and organocatalysts combined with the need for safe, simple, and economical means of constructing them. We have successfully developed an efficient one-step synthesis of 2-acylpyrroles and diastereoselective dihydropyrroles from readily available oxime ether substrates. This remarkably efficient and environmentally friendly methodology should be useful …
Advancements In The Understanding Of Nonlinear Optics And Their Use In Material Analysis, Shawn C. Averett
Advancements In The Understanding Of Nonlinear Optics And Their Use In Material Analysis, Shawn C. Averett
Theses and Dissertations
Adhesion, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and many other important processes and properties are driven by interactions at surfaces and interfaces. Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (VSFG) is an increasingly popular analytical technique because it can provide information about the nature and physical orientation of functional groups at these surfaces and interfaces. Analysis of VSFG data can be complicated by the presence of SFG signal that is not associated with a resonant vibration. This nonresonant sum frequency generation (NR-SFG) signal can interfere with the resonant signal and influence the detected spectrum. Methods have been developed to remove NR-SFG signal; however, these methods …
Post-Translational Regulation Of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1): The Effect Of K122 Acylation On Sod1'S Metabolic Activity, Courtney Jean Banks
Post-Translational Regulation Of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1): The Effect Of K122 Acylation On Sod1'S Metabolic Activity, Courtney Jean Banks
Theses and Dissertations
Many mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause destabilization and misfolding of the protein and are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Likewise, a few post-translational modifications (PTMs) on SOD1 have been shown to cause the same phenotype. However, relatively few PTMs on SOD1 have been studied in depth and, in particular, very few studies have demonstrated how these PTMs affect SOD1's various biological roles. SOD1 is traditionally known for its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging but has also been found to have a few other biological roles, including transcription factor activity to promote genomic stability, preservation of cytoskeletal activity, …
Role Of Molecular Chaperonin Cct And Its Co-Chaperone Phlp1 In The Assembly Of Mtor Complexes, Madhura Vinayak Dhavale
Role Of Molecular Chaperonin Cct And Its Co-Chaperone Phlp1 In The Assembly Of Mtor Complexes, Madhura Vinayak Dhavale
Theses and Dissertations
mTOR is the central kinase in biochemical pathways that regulate cellular growth, protein synthesis and cell survival. Deregulation of mTOR signaling results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and hence is implicated in various cancers and autoimmune diseases. mTOR functions through two distinct signaling complexes, called mTORC1 and mTORC2. CCT is a cytosolic chaperonin that assists in folding of several protein substrates. In these studies, we have identified two components of the mTOR complexes, mLST8 and Raptor, as substrates of CCT. We have performed biochemical and signaling studies which indicate that CCT is involved in assembly and signaling of mTOR complexes by …
Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Fragmentations: A Practical And Efficient Method Of Functionalization, Mary Megan Jackman
Microwave-Promoted Iminyl Radical Fragmentations: A Practical And Efficient Method Of Functionalization, Mary Megan Jackman
Theses and Dissertations
We report a novel fragmentation and functionalization method using a cyclic iminyl radical. Formation of this radical occurs by microwave heating under mild conditions and short reaction times. The reaction avoids the use of explosive or toxic radical initiators and propagating agents. This reaction is versatile, with the ability to install two functional groups that are ultimately derived from a ketone in the substrate precursor. A variety of radical traps capable of forming both carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds have been tested, and the products are obtained in good yields. We demonstrate the power of this reaction by functionalizing complex …
Electrokinetically Operated Integrated Microfluidic Devices For Preterm Birth Biomarker Analysis, Mukul Sonker
Electrokinetically Operated Integrated Microfluidic Devices For Preterm Birth Biomarker Analysis, Mukul Sonker
Theses and Dissertations
Microfluidics is a vibrant and expanding field that has the potential for solving many analytical challenges. Microfluidics shows promise to provide rapid, inexpensive, efficient, and portable diagnostic solutions that can be used in resource-limited settings. Microfluidic devices have gained immense interest as diagnostic tools for various diseases through biomarker analysis. My dissertation work focuses on developing electrokinetically operated integrated microfluidic devices for the analysis of biomarkers indicative of preterm birth risk. Preterm birth (PTB), a birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation, is the most common complication of pregnancy and the leading cause of neonatal deaths and newborn illnesses. In …
Electrophilic Catalysis Using Heterobimetallic Complexes, Whitney Kaye Walker
Electrophilic Catalysis Using Heterobimetallic Complexes, Whitney Kaye Walker
Theses and Dissertations
Conventional ligand design in transition metal catalysis capitalizes on the ability of phosphorous, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur-based donors to modify the steric and electronic properties of a reactive metal center. Heterobimetallic transition metal complexes that contain a dative metal-metal bond provide a unique approach to ligand design where the reactivity of the metal center can be modified by metal-metal electronic communication. Our laboratory is interested in using the unique properties of heterobimetallic complexes to address significant limitations in current transition metal catalysis. My PhD work has focused on the ability of early/late transition metal heterobimetallic complexes to facilitate catalysis …
Ion Trap Miniaturization Considerations: Space-Charge Effects In Cylindrical Ion Traps And Misalignment Effects In A Two-Plate Linear Ion Trap, Yuan Tian
Theses and Dissertations
Portable mass spectrometers provide convenience for applications where conventional mass spectrometers are not suitable. However, a series of miniaturization issues show up in small mass spectrometers, specifically mass analyzers, that need to be thoroughly addressed before further miniaturization. The work in this dissertation focuses on miniaturization issues of ion trap mass analyzers. Space-charge is one of the major issues in small ion traps affecting their analytical performance. It limits ion trapping capacity when ion-ion repulsion causes spreading of a packet of ions. Simulation studies on the relationship between different trap dimensions and trapping capacity was done on a geometry-optimized cylindrical …
Miniaturization Of Linear Ion Traps And Ion Motion Study In A Toroidal Ion Trap Mass Analyzer, Ailin Li
Miniaturization Of Linear Ion Traps And Ion Motion Study In A Toroidal Ion Trap Mass Analyzer, Ailin Li
Theses and Dissertations
I describe the miniaturization of a linear-type ion trap mass spectrometer for possible applications in portable chemical analysis, and demonstrate the advantages of using lithographically patterned electrode plates in realizing an ion trap with dimension r0 less than 1 mm. The focus of the work was to demonstrate the viability and feasibility of the patterned electrode approach to trap miniaturization, and also to discover potential obstacles to its use. Planar ceramic substrates were patterned with metal electrodes using photolithography. Plates that were originally used in a linear trap with a half-spacing (r0) of 2.19 mm were positioned …
Acylation Of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1) At K122 Alters Sod1 Localization And Sod1-Mediated Inhibition Of Mitochondrial Respiration, Nathan William Rodriguez
Acylation Of Superoxide Dismutase 1 (Sod1) At K122 Alters Sod1 Localization And Sod1-Mediated Inhibition Of Mitochondrial Respiration, Nathan William Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1), is a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme with several emerging roles outside of its canonical function. SOD1 is also emerging in central roles in cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies. Little is known about SOD1 regulation, particularly at a post-translational level. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in enabling proteins to rapidly respond to their environment. Therefore, identifying specific PTMs involved in protein regulation represents a powerful opportunity to interfere with any associated pathologies. This work employs proteomics to identify mechanisms of post-translation regulation on cell survival signaling proteins. We focused on SOD1, which protects cells from oxidative stress. …
Ion Transport In A Commercial Icp-Ms, Jessica Joline Larsen
Ion Transport In A Commercial Icp-Ms, Jessica Joline Larsen
Theses and Dissertations
The performance of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ICP-MS, depends on the instrument's ability to transport sample ions through the vacuum interface and focus the ions into a well-defined beam that will eventually reach the mass analyzer. In this study two main experiments were performed on the Perkin Elmer NexION 300S, a commercial ICP-MS. First, planar laser-induced fluorescence images were taken of the ion beam in a working instrument downstream from a unique quadrupole ion deflector. The images showed the ability of the instrument design to focus the ions in the ion beam. Second, laser-induced fluorescence was used to …
Fundamental Studies And Applications Of Ambient Plasma Ionization Sources For Mass Spectrometry, Wade C. Ellis
Fundamental Studies And Applications Of Ambient Plasma Ionization Sources For Mass Spectrometry, Wade C. Ellis
Theses and Dissertations
The field of ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) has existed for over a decade. ADI-MS is a technique that offers benefits including fast analysis time, simple ionization sources that are easily constructed, and little to no required sample preparation. The research presented here describes efforts to better understand plasma-based ADI-MS sources and to explore the use of hydrogen-doped plasma gases with these sources. The use of hydrogen-doped argon (H2/Ar) and hydrogen-doped helium (H2/He) as plasma gases for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and an AC glow discharge is presented first. When using the DBD, the intensity …
Desorption Electrospray Ionization (Desi) Mass Spectrometric Imaging Of Spatially Regulated In Vivo Metabolic Rates, Charlotte Reininger Lewis
Desorption Electrospray Ionization (Desi) Mass Spectrometric Imaging Of Spatially Regulated In Vivo Metabolic Rates, Charlotte Reininger Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique used for mass spectrometric imaging of biological samples. When coupled with isotopic ratio measurements of deuterium-labeled tissues, DESI provides a means of measuring metabolic rates on a spatially resolved basis. In vivo metabolic rates are desired to better understand diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and various forms of cancer that negatively impact metabolic rates within different organs of the human body. Although DESI has been used to image lipids and metabolites of a variety of tissues and other imaging techniques, such as NIMS, have been used to study kinetic turnover …
Functional And Mechanistic Insight Into The Role Of Atg9a In Autophagy, Vajira Kaushalya Weerasekara
Functional And Mechanistic Insight Into The Role Of Atg9a In Autophagy, Vajira Kaushalya Weerasekara
Theses and Dissertations
The bulk degradative process of macroautophagy requires the dynamic growth of autophagosomes, which carry cellular contents to the lysosome for recycling. Atg9A, a multi-pass transmembrane protein, is an apical regulator of autophagosome growth, yet its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Our work suggests that hypoxia (low glucose and oxygen) triggers a rearrangement of the small adapter protein 14-3-3ζ interactome. Our data suggest that the localization of mammalian Atg9A to autophagosomes requires phosphorylation on the C terminus of Atg9A at S761, which creates a 14-3-3z docking site. Under basal conditions, this phosphorylation is maintained at a low level and is dependent on …