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Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Designing High-Performance Identity-Based Quantum Signature Protocol With Strong Security, Sunil Prajapat, Pankaj Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Ashok Kumar Das, Sachin Shetty, M. Shamim Hossain
Designing High-Performance Identity-Based Quantum Signature Protocol With Strong Security, Sunil Prajapat, Pankaj Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Ashok Kumar Das, Sachin Shetty, M. Shamim Hossain
VMASC Publications
Due to the rapid advancement of quantum computers, there has been a furious race for quantum technologies in academia and industry. Quantum cryptography is an important tool for achieving security services during quantum communication. Designated verifier signature, a variant of quantum cryptography, is very useful in applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and auctions. An identity-based quantum-designated verifier signature (QDVS) scheme is suggested in this work. Our protocol features security attributes like eavesdropping, non-repudiation, designated verification, and hiding sources attacks. Additionally, it is protected from attacks on forgery, inter-resending, and impersonation. The proposed scheme benefits from the traditional designated …
Conservation Laws And The Foundations Of Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Sandu Popescu, Daniel Rohrlich
Conservation Laws And The Foundations Of Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Sandu Popescu, Daniel Rohrlich
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In a recent paper, [Y. Aharonov, S. Popescu, D. Rohrlich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.118 e1921529118 (2021)], it was argued that while the standard definition of conservation laws in quantum mechanics, which is of a statistical character, is perfectly valid, it misses essential features of nature and it can and must be revisited to address the issue of conservation/nonconservation in individual cases. Specifically, in the above paper, an experiment was presented in which it can be proven that in some individual cases, energy is not conserved, despite being conserved statistically. It was felt however that this is worrisome and …
Uncertainty From The Aharonov–Vaidman Identity, Matthew S. Leifer
Uncertainty From The Aharonov–Vaidman Identity, Matthew S. Leifer
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In this article, I show how the Aharonov–Vaidman identity A|ψ>=<A⟩|ψ>+ΔA| ψ⊥A> can be used to prove relations between the standard deviations of observables in quantum mechanics. In particular, I review how it leads to a more direct and less abstract proof of the Robertson uncertainty relation ΔAΔB≥12|< [A,B]>| than the textbook proof. I discuss the relationship between these two proofs and show how the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality can be derived from the Aharonov–Vaidman identity. I give Aharonov–Vaidman based proofs of the Maccone–Pati uncertainty relations …
Is There Causation In Fundamental Physics? New Insights From Process Matrices And Quantum Causal Modelling, Emily Adlam
Is There Causation In Fundamental Physics? New Insights From Process Matrices And Quantum Causal Modelling, Emily Adlam
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In this article we set out to understand the significance of the process matrix formalism and the quantum causal modelling programme for ongoing disputes about the role of causation in fundamental physics. We argue that the process matrix programme has correctly identified a notion of ‘causal order’ which plays an important role in fundamental physics, but this notion is weaker than the common-sense conception of causation because it does not involve asymmetry. We argue that causal order plays an important role in grounding more familiar causal phenomena. Then we apply these conclusions to the causal modelling programme within quantum foundations, …
The Effect Of Damping By An Environment On Emergence Of Classicality, Paul Bracken
The Effect Of Damping By An Environment On Emergence Of Classicality, Paul Bracken
School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The role of dissipation with respect to a microscopic superposition of quantum states is investigated by means of master equations. This has implications for the study of the emergence of classicality from the quantum level. In particular, it illustrates why it is difficult to observe a macroscopic quantum state. The role of the environment is assumed by the measuring apparatus. A pure state is reduced to a mixture in the pointer basis of the system by means of the interaction with the apparatus. It is the intention that this type of analysis will have applications to experiments which are designed …
Perspectives On Determinism In Quantum Mechanics: Born, Bohm, And The “Quantal Newtonian” Laws, Viraht Sahni
Perspectives On Determinism In Quantum Mechanics: Born, Bohm, And The “Quantal Newtonian” Laws, Viraht Sahni
Publications and Research
Quantum mechanics has a deterministic Schrödinger equation for the wave function. The Göttingen–Copenhagen statistical interpretation is based on the Born Rule that interprets the wave function as a “probability amplitude.” A precept of this interpretation is the lack of determinism in quantum mechanics. The Bohm interpretation is that the wave function is a source of a field experienced by the electrons, thereby attributing determinism to quantum theory. In this paper, we present a new perspective on such determinism. The ideas are based on the equations of motion or “Quantal Newtonian” Laws obeyed by each electron. These Laws, derived from …
The Inextricability Of Students’ Mathematical And Physical Reasoning In Quantum Mechanics Problems, Kaitlyn Stephens Serbin, Megan Wawro
The Inextricability Of Students’ Mathematical And Physical Reasoning In Quantum Mechanics Problems, Kaitlyn Stephens Serbin, Megan Wawro
School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Reasoning with mathematics plays an important role in university students’ learning throughout their courses in the scientific disciplines, such as physics. In addition to understanding mathematical concepts and procedures, physics students often must mathematize physical constructs in terms of their associated mathematical structures and interpret mathematical entities in terms of the physical context. In this study, we investigate physics students’ reasoning about mathematics in relation to physics content addressed in two quantum mechanics problems. Through qualitative analysis of interview data from twelve students, results show that 1) students use intricate, nonuniform problem-solving methods with reasoning that moves fluidly between structural …
What Is A Photon? Foundations Of Quantum Field Theory, Charles G. Torre
What Is A Photon? Foundations Of Quantum Field Theory, Charles G. Torre
All Physics Faculty Publications
This is a brief, informal, and relatively low-level course on the foundations of quantum field theory. The prerequisites are undergraduate courses in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism.
Perspectives On Determinism In Quantum Mechanics: Born, Bohm, And The 'Quantal Newtonian' Laws, Viraht Sahni
Perspectives On Determinism In Quantum Mechanics: Born, Bohm, And The 'Quantal Newtonian' Laws, Viraht Sahni
Publications and Research
Quantum mechanics has a deterministic Schrödinger equation for the wave function. The Göttingen-Copenhagen statistical interpretation is based on the Born Rule that interprets the wave function as a ‘probability amplitude’. A precept of this interpretation is the lack of determinism in quantum mechanics. The Bohm interpretation is that the wave function is a source of a field experienced by the electrons, thereby attributing determinism to quantum theory. In this paper we present a new perspective on such determinism. The ideas are based on the equations of motion or ‘Quantal Newtonian’ Laws obeyed by each electron. These Laws, derived from the …
Failed Attempt To Escape From The Quantum Pigeon Conundrum, Yakir Aharonov, Shrobona Bagchi, Justin Dressel, Gregory Reznik, Michael Ridley, Lev Vaidman
Failed Attempt To Escape From The Quantum Pigeon Conundrum, Yakir Aharonov, Shrobona Bagchi, Justin Dressel, Gregory Reznik, Michael Ridley, Lev Vaidman
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
A recent criticism by Kunstatter et al. [Phys. Lett. A 384, 126686 (2020)] of a quantum setup violating the pigeon counting principle [Aharonov et al. PNAS 113, 532 (2016)] is refuted. The quantum nature of the violation of the pigeonhole principle with pre- and postselection is clarified.
Patrick Aidan Heelan’S The Observable: Heisenberg’S Philosophy Of Quantum Mechanics, Paul Downes
Patrick Aidan Heelan’S The Observable: Heisenberg’S Philosophy Of Quantum Mechanics, Paul Downes
Research Resources
The publication of Patrick Aidan Heelan’s The Observable, with forewords from Michel Bitbol, editor Babette Babich and the author himself, offers a timely invitation to reconsider the relation between quantum physics and continental philosophy.
Patrick Heelan does so, as a contemporary of and interlocutor with Werner Heisenberg on these issues, as a physicist himself who trained with leading figures of quantum mechanics (QM), Erwin Schrödinger and Eugene Wigner. Moreover, Heelan highlights Heisenberg’s interest in phenomenology as ‘a friend and frequent visitor of Martin Heidegger’ (55). Written originally in 1970 and unpublished then for reasons Babich explicates in her foreword, …
On Conservation Laws In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Sandu Popescu, Daniel Rohrlich
On Conservation Laws In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Sandu Popescu, Daniel Rohrlich
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Conservation laws are one of the most important aspects of nature. As such, they have been intensively studied and extensively applied, and are considered to be perfectly well established. We, however, raise fundamental question about the very meaning of conservation laws in quantum mechanics. We argue that, although the standard way in which conservation laws are defined in quantum mechanics is perfectly valid as far as it goes, it misses essential features of nature and has to be revisited and extended.
Band-Gap Tuning In Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Boron Difluoride Formazanates, Francis L. Buguis, Michael Anghel, Joe B. Gilroy, Jasveer S. Dhindsa
Band-Gap Tuning In Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Boron Difluoride Formazanates, Francis L. Buguis, Michael Anghel, Joe B. Gilroy, Jasveer S. Dhindsa
Chemistry Publications
π-Conjugated molecules with acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) electronic structures are an important class of materials due to their tunable optoelectronic properties and applications in, for example, organic light-emitting diodes, nonlinear optical devices, and organic solar cells. The frontier molecular orbital energies, and thus band gaps, of these materials can be tuned by varying the donor and acceptor traits and π-electron counts of the structural components. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of A-D-A compounds consisting of BF2 formazanates as electron acceptors bridged by a variety of π-conjugated donors. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, demonstrate …
A New Look At The Quantum Liouville Theorem, P. T. Leung, G. I. Ni
A New Look At The Quantum Liouville Theorem, P. T. Leung, G. I. Ni
Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations
We clarify certain confusions in the literature of the density operator in quantum mechanics, and demonstrate that the quantum Liouville theorem has the same form in both the Schrodinger and the Heisenberg pictures. Our starting point is to treat the density operator as an observable which has its specific time dependence in each of the two pictures. It is further shown that such a formulation will provide the exact correspondence between classical and quantum statistical mechanics with the Liouville theorem being interpreted as a conservation law, which is derivable from the equation of motion only in the quantum case.
The Nature Of The Heisenberg-Von Neumann Cut: Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics, Ashok Narasimhan, Deepak Chopra, Menas Kafatos
The Nature Of The Heisenberg-Von Neumann Cut: Enhanced Orthodox Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics, Ashok Narasimhan, Deepak Chopra, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We examine the issue of the Heisenberg-von Neumann cut in light of recent interpretations of quantum eraser experiments which indicate the possibility of a universal Observer outside space-time at an information level of existence. The delayed-choice aspects of observation, measurement, the role of the observer, and information in the quantum framework of the universe are discussed. While traditional double-slit experiments are usually interpreted as indicating that the collapse of the wave function involves choices by an individual observer in space-time, the extension to quantum eraser experiments brings in some additional subtle aspects relating to the role of observation and what …
Beyond Density Functional Theory: The Multiconfigurational Approach To Model Heterogeneous Catalysis, Samuel J. Stoneburner, Carlo Alberto Gaggioli, Christopher J. Cramer, Laura Gagliardi
Beyond Density Functional Theory: The Multiconfigurational Approach To Model Heterogeneous Catalysis, Samuel J. Stoneburner, Carlo Alberto Gaggioli, Christopher J. Cramer, Laura Gagliardi
Educator Scholarship
Catalytic processes are crucially important for many practical chemical applications. Heterogeneous catalysts are especially appealing because of their high stability and the relative ease with which they may be recovered and reused. Computational modeling can play an important role in the design of more catalytically active materials through the identification of reaction mechanisms and the opportunity to assess hypothetical catalysts in silico prior to experimental verification. Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) is the most used method in computational catalysis because it is affordable and it gives results of reasonable accuracy in many instances. Furthermore, it can be employed in a …
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Completely Top–Down Hierarchical Structure In Quantum Mechanics, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Jeff Tollaksen
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Can a large system be fully characterized using its subsystems via inductive reasoning? Is it possible to completely reduce the behavior of a complex system to the behavior of its simplest “atoms”? In this paper we answer these questions in the negative for a specific class of systems and measurements. After a general introduction of the topic, we present the main idea with a simple two-particle example, where strong correlations arise between two apparently empty boxes. This leads to surprising effects within atomic and electromagnetic systems. A general construction based on preand postselected ensembles is then suggested, wherein the Nbody …
Building Confidence In The Dirac Δ-Function, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Constantin Rasinariu
Building Confidence In The Dirac Δ-Function, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Constantin Rasinariu
Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works
In this note we present an example from undergraduate quantum mechanics designed to highlight the versatility of the Dirac δ-function. Namely, we compute the expectation value of the Hamiltonian of a free particle in a state described by a triangular wave function ψ(x). Since the first derivative of ψ(x) is piecewise constant, and because this Hamiltonian is proportional to the second order spatial derivative, students often end up finding the expectation value to be zero—an unphysical answer. This problem provides a pedagogical application of the Dirac δ-function. By arriving at the same result via alternate pathways, this exercise reinforces students’ …
The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang
The Participating Mind In The Quantum Universe, Menas Kafatos, Keun-Hang Susan Yang
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The Orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics, which followed the Copenhagen Interpretation but was enhanced by primarily Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann into a fully developed theory, brought in, among others, the role of measurement, available choices and response of the quantum system. It is, more consistent and clear than other interpretations of quantum mechanics as it provides account of the interactions of observers with the external world. As such, the Orthodox interpretation does a lot more than just account for physical interactions in the atomic world, which was the original goal of quantum mechanics in the early part of …
Sheaf Theoretic Formulation For Consciousness And Qualia And Relationship To The Idealism Of Non-Dual Philosophies, Menas Kafatos, Goro Kato
Sheaf Theoretic Formulation For Consciousness And Qualia And Relationship To The Idealism Of Non-Dual Philosophies, Menas Kafatos, Goro Kato
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Questions about the nature of reality, whether Consciousness is the fundamental reality in the universe, and what is Consciousness itself, have no answer in systems that assume an external reality independent of Consciousness. Ultimately, the ontological foundation of such systems is the absolute division of subject and object. We advocate instead what we consider to be an approach that is in agreement with the foundation of quantum reality, which is based on Rāmānuja’s version of Vedanta philosophy and non-dual Kashmir Śaivism. Quantum mechanics opened the door to consciousness, but it cannot account for consciousness. However, the quantum measurement problem implies …
Foundations, 1, David Peak
Foundations, 1, David Peak
Foundations
Quantum mechanics is money
Text message and take a picture with your smart phone; watch a movie on your Blu-ray player; get the bar code on your bag of chips scanned; obtain an MRI image of your aching shoulder; take a ride on a maglev train. None of these—and countless other—things would be possible without quantum mechanics! Leon Lederman, Nobel Prize winning physicist, is widely quoted as saying that 1/3 of the world’s economy is due to quantum mechanics. Lederman’s estimate is actually probably too low, but what surely is the case is that computers, lasers, and superconducting magnets (to …
Exomol Line List – Xxi. Nitric Oxide (No), Andy Wong, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Peter Bernath, Holger S.P. Müller, Stephanie Mcconkey, Jonathan Tennyson
Exomol Line List – Xxi. Nitric Oxide (No), Andy Wong, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Peter Bernath, Holger S.P. Müller, Stephanie Mcconkey, Jonathan Tennyson
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Line lists for the X 2Pi electronic ground state for the parent isotopologue of nitric oxide (14N16O) and five other major isotopologues (14N17O, 14N18O, 15N16O, 15N17O and 15N18O) are presented. The line lists are constructed using empirical energy levels (and line positions) and high-level ab initio intensities. The energy levels were obtained using a combination of two approaches, from an effective Hamiltonian and from solving the rovibronic Schrödinger equation variationally. The effective Hamiltonian model was obtained through a fit …
Quantum Computers Are Coming And Will Be Able To Solve Complex Aviation And Aerospace Problems, Nihad E. Daidzic
Quantum Computers Are Coming And Will Be Able To Solve Complex Aviation And Aerospace Problems, Nihad E. Daidzic
Aviation Department Publications
No abstract provided.
Naïve Physics And Quantum Mechanics: The Cognitive Bias Of Everett’S Many-Worlds Interpretation, Andrew Lang
Naïve Physics And Quantum Mechanics: The Cognitive Bias Of Everett’S Many-Worlds Interpretation, Andrew Lang
College of Science and Engineering Faculty Research and Scholarship
We discuss the role that intuitive theories of physics play in the interpretation of quantum mechanics. We compare and contrast naïve physics with quantum mechanics and argue that quantum mechanics is not just hard to understand but that it is difficult to believe, often appearing magical in nature. Quantum mechanics is often discussed in the context of "quantum weirdness" and quantum entanglement is known as "spooky action at a distance." This spookiness is more than just because quantum mechanics doesn't match everyday experience; it ruffles the feathers of our naïve physics cognitive module. In Everett's many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, …
Preserving Entanglement During Weak Measurement Demonstrated With A Violation Of The Bell–Leggett–Garg Inequality, T. C. White, J. Y. Mutus, Justin Dressel, J. Kelly, R. Barends, E. Jeffrey, D. Sank, A. Megrant, B. Campbell, Yu Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, I.-C. Hoi, C. Neill, P. J. J. O'Malley, P. Roushan, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, A. N. Korotkov, John M. Martinis
Preserving Entanglement During Weak Measurement Demonstrated With A Violation Of The Bell–Leggett–Garg Inequality, T. C. White, J. Y. Mutus, Justin Dressel, J. Kelly, R. Barends, E. Jeffrey, D. Sank, A. Megrant, B. Campbell, Yu Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, I.-C. Hoi, C. Neill, P. J. J. O'Malley, P. Roushan, A. Vainsencher, J. Wenner, A. N. Korotkov, John M. Martinis
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Weak measurement has provided new insight into the nature of quantum measurement, by demonstrating the ability to extract average state information without fully projecting the system. For single-qubit measurements, this partial projection has been demonstrated with violations of the Leggett–Garg inequality. Here we investigate the effects of weak measurement on a maximally entangled Bell state through application of the Hybrid Bell–Leggett–Garg inequality (BLGI) on a linear chain of four transmon qubits. By correlating the results of weak ancilla measurements with subsequent projective readout, we achieve a violation of the BLGI with 27 s.d.s. of certainty.
Accommodating Retrocausality With Free Will, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Tomer Shushi
Accommodating Retrocausality With Free Will, Yakir Aharonov, Eliahu Cohen, Tomer Shushi
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Retrocausal models of quantum mechanics add further weight to the conflict between causality and the possible existence of free will. We analyze a simple closed causal loop ensuing from the interaction between two systems with opposing thermodynamic time arrows, such that each system can forecast future events for the other. The loop is avoided by the fact that the choice to abort an event thus forecasted leads to the destruction of the forecaster's past. Physical law therefore enables prophecy of future events only as long as this prophecy is not revealed to a free agent who can otherwise render it …
Spin-Dependent Two-Color Kapitza-Dirac Effects, Scot Mcgregor, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan, Bradley Allan Shadwick
Spin-Dependent Two-Color Kapitza-Dirac Effects, Scot Mcgregor, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan, Bradley Allan Shadwick
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications
In this paper we present an analysis of the spin behavior of electrons propagating through a laser field. We present an experimentally realizable scenario in which spin-dependent effects of the interaction between the laser and the electrons are dominant. The laser interaction strength and incident electron velocity are in the nonrelativistic domain. This analysis may thus lead to novel methods of creating and characterizing spin-polarized nonrelativistic femtosecond electron pulses.
Angular Momentum, Ronald Lovett
Discrete Excitation Spectrum Of A Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan
Discrete Excitation Spectrum Of A Classical Harmonic Oscillator In Zero-Point Radiation, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Herman Batelaan
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications
We report that upon excitation by a single pulse, a classical harmonic oscillator immersed in the classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation exhibits a discrete harmonic spectrum in agreement with that of its quantum counterpart. This result is interesting in view of the fact that the vacuum field is needed in the classical calculation to obtain the agreement.
The Schwartz Space: Tools For Quantum Mechanics And Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Jeremy Becnel, Ambar Sengupta
The Schwartz Space: Tools For Quantum Mechanics And Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Jeremy Becnel, Ambar Sengupta
Faculty Publications
An account of the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing functions as a topological vector space with additional special structures is presented in a manner that provides all the essential background ideas for some areas of quantum mechanics along with infinite-dimensional distribution theory.