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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Characterization Of Petrified And Mummified Wood From An Eocene Deposit In Mississippi, Nayeon Lee, Sungkwang Mun, Mark Horstemeyer, Stephen J. Horstemeyer, David J. Lang
A Characterization Of Petrified And Mummified Wood From An Eocene Deposit In Mississippi, Nayeon Lee, Sungkwang Mun, Mark Horstemeyer, Stephen J. Horstemeyer, David J. Lang
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
This study experimentally investigates pieces of fossilized wood that include both mummified and petrified portions within the same pieces collected from the Red Hills Lignite Mine in Mississippi, USA. To the authors’ knowledge, having petrified and mummified regions within the same piece of wood has not been previously reported. Our study analyzes the chemical compositions, microstructures, and nanohardness to characterize the fossilized wood. The chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the mummified regions included mainly carbon, oxygen, and small amount of minerals indicating these regions were similar to currently growing wood, and the petrified regions included silicon and oxygen …
Feathered Dinosaurs Reconsidered: New Insights From Baraminology And Ethnotaxonomy, Matthew Mclain, Matt Petrone, Matthew Speights
Feathered Dinosaurs Reconsidered: New Insights From Baraminology And Ethnotaxonomy, Matthew Mclain, Matt Petrone, Matthew Speights
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Birds could not have evolved from land animal ancestors because Genesis clearly states that birds and land animals were created on separate days. As a result, young-earth creationists have consistently opposed the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs. Nevertheless, numerous fossils of dinosaurs with feathers, including some very bird-like dinosaurs, have been found in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. We determined to understand what these fossils mean in a creationist context through a survey of their fossil record and statistical baraminological analyses. While the survey demonstrates that feathered dinosaur fossils do, in fact, exist, the baraminological analyses suggest …
Global Stratigraphy And The Fossil Record Validate A Flood Origin For The Geologic Column, Timothy L. Clarey, Davis J. Werner
Global Stratigraphy And The Fossil Record Validate A Flood Origin For The Geologic Column, Timothy L. Clarey, Davis J. Werner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
The geologic column has been under the scrutiny of numerous creationists for many decades. Critics have claimed the column is intimately tied to the evolutionary worldview and deep time, and cannot be trusted or used by creation scientists. Other creation scientists have argued that the geologic column, although incomplete at most locations, can provide useful correlations of rocks and fossils across the globe. This paper examines the sedimentary rocks across three continents in an attempt to test the validity of the global geologic column. We attempted to assess the data primarily from a lithologic viewpoint, and as independent of the …
Use Of Sedimentary Megasequences To Re-Create Pre-Flood Geography, Timothy L. Clarey, Davis J. Werner
Use Of Sedimentary Megasequences To Re-Create Pre-Flood Geography, Timothy L. Clarey, Davis J. Werner
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Knowledge of pre-Flood geography and the location of the Garden of Eden have eluded Bible-believing scientists and theologians. This study attempts to reconstruct the gross geography of the pre-Flood world by examining the detailed stratigraphy that was deposited during the Flood. Over 1500 stratigraphic columns were constructed across North and South America and Africa, recording the lithology and stratigraphy at each location. Sedimentary layers were examined using Sloss-type megasequences which allowed detailed analysis of the progression of the Flood in six discrete depositional segments. The three earliest megasequences, Sauk, Tippecanoe and Kaskaskia, were the most limited in areal coverage and …
The Fate Of Arsenic In Noah’S Flood, Aaron R. Hutchison, Campbell F. Bortel
The Fate Of Arsenic In Noah’S Flood, Aaron R. Hutchison, Campbell F. Bortel
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
One potential consequence of Noah’s Flood would be the mobilization of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), a group 15 metalloid with a significant solubility and redox chemistry in water and a high toxicity to human beings. This paper discusses the likely chemistry of arsenic during the Flood. The Flood would have released arsenic through hydrothermal activity, volcanic eruptions, and weathering of crustal rock. Arsenic in hydrothermal fluid would likely be rapidly precipitated by sulfides. Likewise, much of the arsenic in volcanoes would actually be deposited sub-surface as sulfides. In the presence of oxygen-rich waters, these sulfide minerals can undergo …
Global Deposits Of In Situ Upper Cambrian Microbialites: Implications For A Cohesive Model Of Origins, Ken P. Coulson
Global Deposits Of In Situ Upper Cambrian Microbialites: Implications For A Cohesive Model Of Origins, Ken P. Coulson
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
The existence of in situ microbialites of biological origin located in upper Cambrian rocks in western Utah presents some problems for creationists as they seek to define the boundary that separates pre-Flood deposits from those that were deposited during the Flood event itself. These microbialites are extensive in nature, covering an area of at least 2600 km2, and are stacked one atop the other in multiple beds that span a thickness of at least 300 m, but could be as thick as several km (intercalated between wackestone wedges). Other microbialites found throughout similar upper Cambrian rocks in Nevada and California …
Historical Survey Of The Floating Mat Model For The Origin Of Carboniferous Coal Beds, Steven Arthur Austin, Roger W. Sanders
Historical Survey Of The Floating Mat Model For The Origin Of Carboniferous Coal Beds, Steven Arthur Austin, Roger W. Sanders
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
For three hundred years geologists and paleobotanists have been attempting to describe the process that deposited plant material that formed Carboniferous coal beds. Autochthonous and allochthonous explanations in the early Nineteenth Century showed how scientific methodology becomes involved in coal interpretation. Autochthonous modelers used the paleobotany-strata-petrology-environment method to argue that coal is a terrestrial swamp deposit. Allochthonous modelers used the petrology-strata-paleobotany-environment method to describe coal as a subaqueous deposit. The two methodologies are best displayed at the end of the Nineteenth Century in the consensus autochthonists versus the French School allochthonists. Three depositional models have been offered for the origin …
Modeling Of Flood And Post-Flood Ocean Floor Cooling, William J. Worraker, Richard Ward
Modeling Of Flood And Post-Flood Ocean Floor Cooling, William J. Worraker, Richard Ward
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Given that the earth’s ocean basins are geologically young, few areas being older than early Jurassic, and that most creation scientists regard Jurassic rocks as Flood deposits, these basins must have formed during and since the Flood, i.e. within no more than 4500 years. This paper represents a first attempt at modeling ocean basin formation by the separation of the continents and cooling of mantle material emplaced at spreading centres well within that limited time. We use a spreadsheet-based finite difference solution of the heat diffusion equation applied to a simple widely-used plate model of ocean lithosphere formation. Having verified …
Numerical Investigation Of Strength-Reducing Mechanisms Of Mantle Rock During The Genesis Flood, Noah Cho, John Baumgardner, Jesse Sherburn, Mark Horstemeyer
Numerical Investigation Of Strength-Reducing Mechanisms Of Mantle Rock During The Genesis Flood, Noah Cho, John Baumgardner, Jesse Sherburn, Mark Horstemeyer
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
This paper reports our efforts to model the effects of grain size, recrystallization, creep, and texture on overall rock strength within the Earth’s mantle during the Genesis Flood. Our study uses experimental rheological data obtained from the mineralogical literature for olivine, which is an important mantle mineral. We apply an Internal State Variable (ISV) constitutive model within the framework of the TERRA finite element code to capture the subscale structures and their associated dynamics, strength, and viscosity effects during the Flood episode. Our numerical investigations, in both 2D and 3D, that include the improved deformation model reveal even more clearly …
Finite Element Analysis Of Large Body Deformation Induced By A Catastrophic Near Impact Event, Denver W. Seely, Andrew Bowman, Heechen Cho, Mark Horstemeyer
Finite Element Analysis Of Large Body Deformation Induced By A Catastrophic Near Impact Event, Denver W. Seely, Andrew Bowman, Heechen Cho, Mark Horstemeyer
Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism
Finite element simulations of near impacts of terrestrial bodies are presented to investigate possible deformation behavior induced by a massive body during the creation week and/or Genesis Flood. Using the universal law of gravitation, a gravitationally loaded objected is subjected to the ‘pull’ of a near passing fly-by object, and the resulting surface deformations are studied. An Internal State Variable (ISV) pressure dependent plasticity model for silicate rocks (Cho et al., 2018) is used to model the deformation behavior and to capture the history effects involved during the complex surface loading/unloading found in a near impact event. The model is …