Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Analysis Of Community-Based Pattern Of Water Demand And Supply, Ishaku Dibal Joshua, Abdullahi Chado Salihu, Ayuba Musa Mshelia, Nchedo Nnedinma Ubachukwu

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Gombi rural community of Adamawa state, Nigeria, has witnessed significant growth in human population, which has contributed to an increase in water demand. Thus, the study analyzed water demand and supply patterns in Gombi communities of Adamawa State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics such as mean and percentages and inferential statistics like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), chi-square, and linear regression were adopted for the analysis. The results on socioeconomic characteristics showed that the majority were females, with low household income levels, large household sizes, and in their active ages. Hand-dug well water was the …

Role Of Urban Parks In Carbon Sequestration– A Case Study Of Safari Park, Karachi, Pakistan, Amna Bano, Minzah Shehzad, Hasnain Kazmi, Jamshaid Iqbal

Journal of Bioresource Management

Urban parks besides their recreational use can be the potential source of climate mitigation through carbon sequestration. Present study aims to identify the carbon sequestration potential of Safari Park which is by far the largest public park of Karachi established in 1970 covering an area of 0.72 km². A total of 153 individual trees belonging to 25 species and 14 families were included in the study. Five dominant species with highest Important Value Index (IVI) were Cocos nucifera (14.62 %), Azadirachta indica (14.21 %), Guaiacum officinale (9.93 %), Washington robusta (9.31 %) and Delonix regia (7.11 %). The …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Climate Monitoring In The Caumont Cave And Quarry System (Northern France) Reveal Near Oxygen Isotopic Equilibrium Conditions For Carbonate Deposition, Ingrid Bejarano-Arias, Carole Nehme, Sebastian Breitenbach, Hanno Meyer, Sevasti Modestou, Damase Mouralis

International Journal of Speleology

The study of modern cave deposits forming under near isotopic equilibrium conditions can potentially help disentangle the processes influencing the oxygen isotope system and suitability of stalagmites as archives of past hydrological or thermal changes. We used cave monitoring to evaluate the impact of kinetic isotope fractionation and assess the conditions under which modern cave carbonates form in the Caumont cave and quarry system, located in Normandy, northwest France. Over 20 months, we collected climatological data, dripwater, and modern carbonate samples at 2–4-week intervals at three different stations inside the Caumont cave and quarry system. We find highly stable (10.4 …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Critical Links And Development Trends Of Research On Active Tectonics, Yuan Daoyang, Wang Youlin, Li Shuwu, Wang Wanhe, Li Linyuan, Zou Xiaobo, Wen Yameng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Following a brief introduction of the general characteristics of active tectonics in China, this study analyzed two new features of large earthquakes with M_s ≥ 7 that have struck continental China since the beginning of the 21st century: (1) Large earthquakes occur primarily in clusters along the boundary fault zone of the Bayanhar active tectonic block—part of the Qinghai-Tibet ateau active tectonic block. (2) Reverse fault-fold earthquakes have occurred multiple times within active basins or at basin-mountain boundaries. In response to the new seismic activity features and the new demand for disaster prevention and mitigation of engineering construction and …

Critical Links And Development Trends Of Research On Active Tectonics, Yuan Daoyang, Wang Youlin, Li Shuwu, Wang Wanhe, Li Linyuan, Zou Xiaobo, Wen Yameng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Following a brief introduction of the general characteristics of active tectonics in China, this study analyzed two new features of large earthquakes with M_s ≥ 7 that have struck continental China since the beginning of the 21st century: (1) Large earthquakes occur primarily in clusters along the boundary fault zone of the Bayanhar active tectonic block—part of the Qinghai-Tibet ateau active tectonic block. (2) Reverse fault-fold earthquakes have occurred multiple times within active basins or at basin-mountain boundaries. In response to the new seismic activity features and the new demand for disaster prevention and mitigation of engineering construction and …

New Evidence For Holocene Activity Of The Northern Segment Of The Puqian-Qinglan Fault In Northern Hainan Province, Liu Huaguo, Li Feng, Jia Qichao, Wang Zhicheng, Zhang Pan, Lin Zhen, Zhang Jiehan, Shi Chunhua, Zhang Yanbo, Jia Wei, Li Changlong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The Puqian-Qinglan fault, located in northern Hainan Province, is closely related to the judgment of the seismogenic structure of the Qiongshan M7½ earthquake in 1605. To accurately determine the latest activity characteristics of this fault, this study, adopting artificial shallow seismic exploration with large-tonnage seismic sources combined with small-spacing cross-well stratigraphic correlation, investigated the sedimentary geological conditions of the Quaternary basalt cover and significantly thick marine sand layers in northern Hainan Province through exploration at Qishantou and Dongzhai villages in the Sanjiang Town, Jiangdong New Area, Haikou. Key results are as follows: (1) the Puqian-Qinglan fault dislocates multiple marker …

Activity Variations Of The Shanzuokou-Sihong Fault Within The Jiangsu Segment Of The Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone And Their Origins, Zhang Hao, Li Wei, Li Limei, Yan Yunxiang, Jiang Xin, Wang Jinyan, Zhao Qiguang, Gu Qinping, Xu Hangang

Coal Geology & Exploration

The Shanzuokou-Sihong fault, having undergone the entire evolutionary process of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone, exhibits segmentation during the latest activity epoch. Determining the location and origin of its activity segmentation will provide a significant reference for exploring the activity variations of its branch faults and their origins. This study investigated the activity of the Shanzuokou-Sihong fault using a three-dimensional approach combining field geological surveys, shallow seismic exploration, and cross-well stratigraphic correlation. The results show that the Shanzuokou-Sihong fault is a Late Pleistocene active fault on the east side of the North Maling Mountain and a Middle Pleistocene fault in Xinyi …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Revealing Fine-Scale Crustal Structure And Tectonic Features In The Xiong’An New Area And Its Periphery Using Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling, Yue Hangyu, Wang Kai, Wang Xiaojiang, Zhang Baowei, Zhang Kai

Coal Geology & Exploration

As an effective method to accurately reveal the deep geological structures and tectonic features of the Earth, deep seismic reflection profiling has been increasingly applied to the exploration of the continental and oceanic crusts, as well as the upper mantle of the lithosphere, making it internationally recognized pioneer technique for deep Earth exploration. This study examined the deep seismic reflection profile spanning across the Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province, aiming to reveal the crustal structure and tectonic features of the study area. Key findings are as follows: (1) The crust in the study area can be divided into the …

Revealing The Upper Crustal Structure In The Fujian Region Using Deep Seismic Profiling, Li Pei, Ren Congrong, Li Haiyan, Wang Shanxiong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The Fujian region, located along the southeastern margin of the Chinese continent, constitutes an active tectonic belt along the coastal area in southeast China, with complex formation and evolution histories. To understand the characteristics of upper crustal structures and basement structures in the Fujian, this study collected the Pg travel time data from four NE-trending deep seismic sounding (DSS) survey lines in the region. Employing finite-difference tomography, this study obtained the fine-scale velocity structure of the upper crust along the four profiles, revealing the lateral variations in the upper crustal velocity structure, basement structures, and shallow fault characteristics in the …

Dual-Frequency Transmission Radio Wave-Based Exploration Method And Its Application, Fu Xianjie, Hu Ze'an, Wu Rongxin, Li Peng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coal seams can act as the guided wave layers of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and radio wave perspective technology can be used to detect geological structures within coal seams of a working face. Presently, radio wave perspective methods usually use a single frequency, leading to some problems such as improper frequency selection and limited detection accuracy in the exploration of mining faces. In response, this study developed a dual-frequency transmission radio wave-based exploration method. Based on theoretical analysis, as well as the field strength of dual-frequency perspective and attenuation coefficient, this study derived the calculation formula for the absorption factor γ …

Chromium-Contaminated Sites: Migration Characteristics And Monitoring Using Dual-Frequency Ip Method, Wei Kaiyao, Liu Zhimin, Liang Chen, Zhang Jie, Ma Qiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Given that the migration process of chromium-contaminated sites is subjected to various uncertainties, it is difficult to investigate the migration characteristics and explore the monitoring process using experiments. Based on the basic law of groundwater flow and the migration mechanisms of pollutants, this study conducted a simulation analysis of the migration characteristics of static chromium contamination sources and the law of changes in the migration characteristics using the COMSOL software. Then, this study verified the reliability and accuracy of numerical forward simulations through physical simulation experiments on a static soil bin. Specifically, using the model of chromium contamination source migration …

The Application Of The Opposing Coils Transient Electromagnetic Method And Microtremor Survey Method In Shallow Karst Detection, Zhang Xueliang, Xie Tao, Zhou Wei, Gao Hui, Deng Dong, Qu Jingyi

Coal Geology & Exploration

Concealed karsts frequently lead to disasters such as ground collapse, water reservoir seepage, and tunnel water inrush. Identifying the distribution and development of karsts in advance holds great significance for guiding engineering design and construction in karst areas. Geophysical methods rank among the most effective methods for karst detection. Given the problems of karst development, limited space, and serious electromagnetic interference in the tank farms of the Longkou Port, Shandong Province, this study explored shallow karsts in these farms through the joint application of the opposing coils transient electromagnetic (OCTEM) method and the microtremor survey method. Firstly, surface scanning was …

Advances In Research On Active Faults And Exploration Of Relevant Frontier Scientific Problems, Xu Xiwei, Li Feng, Cheng Jia, Liu Baojin, Chen Guihua, Li Kang, Ren Junjie, Jia Qichao

Coal Geology & Exploration

This study reviewed the approval and initiation processes and major research contents of China's active fault-related projects, such as the urban active fault survey projects, large-scale mapping programs of active faults, and the earthquake hazard assessment of active faults in key earthquake monitoring and prevention areas. By combining the scientific investigation results of the surface rupture zones induced by strong earthquakes over the past 20 years, this study elaborated on significant advances achieved in the following aspects: the survey and positioning techniques for concealed active faults under strong-noise and weak-signal conditions, the quantitative identification techniques for fault activity, theories and …

Application Of High-Precision Lidar Technology In Research On Active Fault-Induced Offset Geomorphic Features - A Case Study Of The Juxian-Tancheng Segment Of The Yishu Fault Zone, Yang Bin, Wang Hualin, Wu Hongbin, Ge Fugang, Zou Hao, Su Sili

Coal Geology & Exploration

The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone (also referred to as the TanLu fault zone), one of the most significant large-scale active faults in eastern China, has great seismogenic potential while passing through several cities with the activities and accumulation of human beings. To investigate the geometric distribution and activity characteristics of the TanLu fault zone, this study focused on the Juxian-Tancheng segment of the Yishu fault zone—a part of the TanLu fault zone. Given the vegetation coverage in eastern China, airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and terrestrial laser scanning were employed to collect high-precision topographic data of the Zuoshan (Yibujian), Zhonghuashan, …

Theory And Application Of Setback Distance From Active Faults, Wei Leiming, Xu Xiwei, Li Feng, Cao Jun, Ren Junjie, Cheng Jia, Zhang Xianbing, Jia Qichao, Chen Guihua, Wu Xiyan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Determining setbacks from active faults is the “last 1 km” from active fault surveys to their application to seismic disaster mitigation. It is also a technique for blocking the risk sources of earthquake-induced chains of geologic hazards. Field investigations and experimental studies have demonstrated that buildings and structures can be free from catastrophic destruction caused by coseismic ruptures and offset of active faults provided they are kept at a certain finite distance from the active fault traces. Therefore, determining setbacks from active faults serves as an ultimate goal of the surveys and precise localization of active faults. Based on the …

Multipoint Sources-Based High-Resolution Electrical Detection Of The Water-Rich Areas Near Mining Faces Of Coal Mine Roadways, Wu Rongxin, Xu Hui

Coal Geology & Exploration

To accurately explore the spatial distribution of water-rich areas near mining faces of mine roadways, this study proposed a multipoint sources-based high-resolution electrical detection technology. A multi-channel electrode observation system was arranged behind a roadway mining face, with electrodes at a distance of 1/4 measuring lines behind the mining face as point source electrodes sequentially. Data were collected using a monopole-dipole device, with the obtained apparent resistivity considered the sounding data of multipoint sources-based electrical detection. The images of multipoint sources-based electrical sounding allow for quickly determining the presence of water-rich areas and their locations relative to the mining faces …

Application Of Integrated Geophysical Surveys In The Identification Of Hidden Fire Sources In Spontaneous Combustion Zones In Coal Seams, Ma Zijun, Yang Haiyan, Li Wenyu, Xu Yunlei, He Yunlan, Liu Zhuoming, Li Peng, Huang Jiu

Coal Geology & Exploration

Spontaneous combustion in coal seams, a factor influencing the development of many mining areas in China, can cause severe coal resource loss and environmental pollution. The positioning and distribution identification of hidden fire sources can provide an important basis for coal mine enterprises to prepare prevention and control measures. They are also a hot research topic and challenge in the field of coal fire disasters. Suitable channels for ventilation and oxygen supply are necessary for spontaneous combustion in coal seams. When the oxidative heat release rate of coals exceeds the heat dissipation rate, coal temperature will rise until the occurrence …

Mechanical Behavior And Failure Response Characteristics Of Hard Sandstones Considering Bedding Dip Angles, Song Zhanping, Liu Hongke, Zheng Fang, Cheng Yun, Sun Yinhao, Song Wanxue

Coal Geology & Exploration

This study focuses on the mechanical behavior and failure responses of hard sandstones considering bedding dip angles. Through uniaxial compression tests of hard sandstones with different bedding dip angles, this study delved into the influence of bedding dip angles on the mechanical behavior of hard sandstones and the relationship between the bedding dip angles and fractal characteristics of hard sandstone fragments. The test results show that bedding dip angles produced negligible effects on the type of the stress-strain curves of hard sandstones. However, low dip angles (0°, 22.5°, and 45°) corresponded to unimodal curves, while high dip angles (67.5° and …

Coal-Based Solid Waste From The Panyi Mine In The Huainan Mining Area: Fine-Scale Chemical Structure And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals, Yin Wenwen, Zhang Liqun, Ding Dan, Shan Shifeng, Chen Yongchun, An Shikai, Zheng Liugen

Coal Geology & Exploration

The utilization of clean coal-based solid waste is a pressing issue in the ecological construction of mining areas. To address this issue, the key is to ascertain the structures and morphology of heavy metals in coal-based solid waste. This study investigated the coal gangue and fly ash samples from the Panyi Mine in the Huainan mining area, Anhui Province. First, this study characterized the coal-based solid waste using microanalysis methods, such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, it examined the fine-scale chemical structure and heavy metal dissemination …

Optimization Of Data Acquisition Parameters For Deep Seismic Reflection Surveys In Complex Terrain, Yan Yunxiang, Li Pei, Zhi Min, Liu Jianda, Wang Zichen, Zhang Ying, Pei Gendi, Li Linyuan, Mou Qi, Jia Jin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Fujian, located in the orogen region of the coastal areas of southeast China, exhibits well-developed structures and complex surface conditions, which make deep seismic reflection surveys challenging. In response to the diversity and complexity of seismogeological conditions in Fujian, this study optimized the seismic excitation means based on previous deep seismic surveys. Specifically, the combination of large, medium, and small guns was transitioned into the layout of normal guns (spacing of shot points: 600 m) and large shots (spacing of shot points: 15 km), leading to enhanced folds of large shots. Through simulation analysis, this study calculated the spacing of …

Analogue Modeling Of Love-Type Channel Waves And Their Response To Faults, Liu Qiang, Hu Jiwu, Wang Pan, Shi Xianxin, Jia Qian

Coal Geology & Exploration

Owing to its high resolution and low energy attenuation, channel wave-based seismic exploration has been widely applied in the geophysical prospecting of hidden disaster-causing factors in underground coal mines. However, its accuracy fails to meet the requirements of intelligent mine mining presently. At present, the analogue modeling of channel waves mostly focuses on Rayleigh-type channel waves using 2D models, leading to a lack of research on Love-type channel waves. To explore the propagation law of Love-type channel waves, this study investigated the waves in the 3D analogue modeling of channel waves. Firstly, the wave and particle vibration characteristics of Love-type …

Current States , Prediction And Prevention Suggestions For Water Hazard Accidents In China’S Coal Mines, Sun Wenjie, Li Wenjie, Ning Dianyan, Ren Lingfeng

Coal Geology & Exploration

At present, the pattern of coal resource development in China has changed, but the water hazard accidents that restrict the safety production of coal mine still occur from time to time. In order to explore the characteristics and laws of water hazard accidents in coal mines in China and scientifically study and judge the evolution trend of water hazard accidents, study was performed in terms of the year, region, accident level and influencing factors of water hazard accidents, with the nationwide water hazard accidents from 2001 to 2022 as the statistical objects. Meanwhile, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model was …

Activity Of The Liyang-Nandu Fault In Southern Jiangsu, Zhang Shuo, Zhang Ping, Chen Huogen, Xu Shugang, Gong Xulong, Xu Hangang, Li Limei, Feng Wenli, He Zongnan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Located in the central part of the Sunan Modernization Construction Demonstration Area—one of the areas with the densest population and urban areas and the most developed economy in China, the Liyang-Nandu fault is an important concealed fault with a nearly E-W strike in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. This fault serves as an important regional geomorphic and neotectonic boundary. However, there is a lack of systematic research on this fault, and its latest activity era is yet to be ascertained. Using seismic exploration P-waves and S-waves and cross-well stratigraphic correlation, this study investigated the spatial distribution and Quaternary …

Innovation And Practice On Biodiversity Conservation In Sanjiangyuan National Park, Xinquan Zhao, Shixiao Xu, Liang Zhao, Tongzuo Zhang, Linyong Hu, Qi Li, Tongqing Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Sanjiangyuan National Park, is one of the first batch of national parks in China, and serves as the largest national park in China. As an important ecological security barrier and a alpine biological germplasm resource base, it has significant conservation value in China and even in the world. Lots of protocols have been taken aiming at ecological tacking protection issues including loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitats, degradation of alpine grassland and overgrazing in Sanjiangyuan National Park. It promotes the implementation of major ecological restoration projects, and has formed the Sanjiangyuan National Park Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Protection Program with …

Synergism Utilization Of Urban Multi-Source Solid Waste And District Green Recycling Development—Taking Dongguan Haixinsha National Resource Recycling Demonstration Base As An Example, Yao Shi, Huiquan Li, Shaohua Chen, Weiqiang Chen, Caihong Xiong, Songgeng Li, Yin Wang, Peng Qian, Shuangde Li, Chao Hua, Ping Lu, Yupeng Liu, Chenmu Zhang, Jianwen Chu, Xin Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The long-term storage and extensive disposal of solid waste have caused serious water soil air composite pollution. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific and effective utilization of solid waste, which is not only conducive to solving the major pollution problem of solid waste, but also alleviates the shortage of resources and energy in China. This study summarizes three typical types of urban solid waste comprehensive treatment experience models, and points out that the solid waste circular economy model characterized by centralization, resource utilization, and greening is the main way to solve the complex problem of solid waste. Therefore, it …

Atmospheric 14Co2 Observation: A Novel Method To Evaluate Carbon Emissions, Zhenchuan Niu, Peng Wang, Shugang Wu, Weijian Zhou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important carbon emitter, China faces the stress of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and international carbon reduction duty. The accurate data of carbon emissions are important to evaluate the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and fulfill the international duty of carbon reduction. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report recommends the combination of top-down atmospheric CO₂ observation with atmospheric inversion to verify the bottom-up inventory of carbon emissions, and the atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂ observation can make the verification more accurate. Radiocarbon (14C) is the most precise tracer of fossil fuel CO₂ and …

Challenges And Countermeasures For Treatment And Remediation Of Contaminated Mega-Sites In China, Xiaoyong Liao, Yixuan Hou, You Li, Tianyi Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The treatment and remediation of pollution at contaminated mega-sites poses a significant challenge in the environmental science both domestically and internationally. Contaminated mega-sites are characterized by their widespread impact, multiple types of pollutants, and significant ecological and environmental threats. The environmental behavior cognition and efficient remediation at contaminated mega-sites face enormous challenges, among which key technological issues such as the formation mechanism of soil and groundwater pollution, accurate identification of pollution sources, and intelligent decision-making optimization urgently need to be solved. In China, contaminated mega-sites are concentrated in economically developed regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and …