Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Introduction To Special Issue On Radiation Effects, P. Andrew Karam

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "How dangerous is radiation? How much radiation does it take to give us cancer? Are we wasting money on overly restrictive regulations, or are we not being sufficiently protective of our radiation workers and the public? How much clean-up is necessary on our Department of Energy facilities? What about Yucca Mountain and nuclear reactor plants – can they be made safe?

These are only a few of the questions that have been asked, and will continue to be asked, about radiation. Unfortunately, these all come down, in part or in whole, to the question “What is the shape of …

Historical Development Of The Linear Nonthreshold Dose-Response Model As Applied To Radiation, Ronald L. Kathren

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "Despite the nearly universal adoption of the linear nonthreshold dose response model (LNT) as the primary basis for radiation protection standards for the past half century, the LNT remains highly controversial and a contentious topic of discussion among health physicists, radiation biologists, and other radiological scientists. Indeed, it has been pointed out that the LNT has assumed the status of a paradigm, synonymous with an ideal, standard, or paragon or perhaps to some, a sacred cow. Reduced to its very basics, the LNT postulates that every increment of ionizing radiation dose, however small, carries with it a commensurate increase …

Review Of "The Health Of Nations: Infectious Disease, Environmental Change, And Their Effects On National Security And Development," By Andrew T. Price-Smith, Andrew Mierins

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "Andrew T. Price-Smith, author of The Health of Nations: Infectious Disease, Environmental Change, and Their Effects on National Security and Development, provides a well documented and reasoned analysis of the need for world leaders, including the United States, to place the threat of infectious disease on the front burner of consideration when shaping both national and international policy. Professor Price-Smith has provided both empirical data and historical analysis to support the impassioned plea for this natural threat to be taken seriously. The book is geared toward the academic community and policy analysts; however, other professionals not involved in these …

The Debate On The Health Effects Attributable To Low Radiation Exposure, Abel J. Gonzalez

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "Few scientific issues have aroused passions more than the dispute about the health effects attributable to low levels of exposure to ionizing radiation (or radiation in short) and the currently authoritative dose response hypothesis, termed “linear non-threshold,” or LNT. Finding out whether health effects are induced by low-level radiation exposures, and if so, what they are, has become a kind of contest rather than a serious scientific inquiry. Sometimes it seems that rationality, or a methodical examination of the unknown, has disappeared from this debate. While the confrontation of different hypotheses is typical in academic discussions – at least …

Review Of "The Future Of Life," By Edward O. Wilson, Bryan Erickson

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] "It is refreshing to read an environmental diatribe where the writer has both the authority of a world expert and a willingness to compromise to pursue realistic solutions. Wilson is a Harvard biology professor, two-time Pulitzer Prize winner, and a director of the Nature Conservancy. In The Future of Life, he presents a succinct evaluation of the great ecological issues of our day, focusing on the rapid pace of species extinctions, and on the promise of finding a balance between conservation and human activity that will bring the extinctions to a halt."

Effects Of The Shape Of The Radiation Dose-Response Curve On Public Acceptance Of Radiation And Nuclear Energy, Audeen W. Fentiman

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “The public generally accepts the premise that exposure to radiation can have an undesirable effect. Furthermore, it believes that as the radiation dose increases, the magnitude of the effect will increase. On the other hand, while the background radiation dose varies from a few hundred millirem/year (a few millisieverts/yr) in some places to a few thousand millirem/yr (tens of millisieverts/yr) in others, researchers have been unable to find a correlation between the level of background radiation and incidence of cancer or other maladies attributable to radiation.

…

Because there is considerable controversy about the relationship between radiation dose and …

The U.S. And Mexico Sin Fronteras - Without Borders: Sustainable Development From A Local Perspective, Paulette Stenzel

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Environmental Management Systems And Public Authority In Canada: Rethinking Environmental Governance, Stepan Wood

Buffalo Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Americanizing Sustainability: Place-Based Approaches To The Global Challenge, Timothy Beatley, Richard C. Collins

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Identifying Sources Of Fecal Pollution In The Roanoke River, Roanoke County, Virginia, J. Brooks Crozier, Brian Clark, Holly Weber

Virginia Journal of Science

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns (ARPs) of Enterococcus spp. were used as a phenotypic fingerprint to compare and categorize unknown-source isolates in an impaired segment of the Roanoke River, Roanoke County, Virginia. Antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) of enterococci has been effectively used to differentiate among sources of fecal contamination in many geographic regions in the United States. Enterococcus spp. were used as a fecal indicator in a library consisting of 1,562 known-source isolates. Two-way analysis indicated that approximately 95% of the unknown-source isolates collected were of animal origin. A 3-way analysis indicated that 61% of the unknowns were of livestock origin while …

The Tide Is High For The Boston Beaches, Marissa Glowac

New England Journal of Public Policy

In 1993, Massachusetts Governor William Weld and Boston Mayor Thomas Menino approved the “Back to the Beaches” project, a seven-year, $30.5 million public project to restore nineteen Boston Harbor beaches. Today, these sites have new, cleaner sand, improved access, and new amenities and facilities now ready to offer additional opportunities for recreation. People are coming back to the Boston Harbor beaches in numbers significantly higher than a decade ago. This study concludes that the implementation and success of the “Back to the Beaches” project can be attributed to several factors — an increased public awareness of the value of open …

Comparing Bottled Water And Tap Water: Experiments In Risk Communication, Branden B. Johnson

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author discusses results of experiments in risk communication comparing bottled water and tap water.

Table Of Contents Volume 13, Number One, Winter 2002, Risk Editorial

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)

Review Of: Peter Hoffman, Tomorrow's Energy: Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, And The Prospects For A Cleaner Planet, William H. Shaw Iii

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Peter Hoffman, Tomorrow's Energy: Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and the Prospects for a Cleaner Planet (MIT Press 2001). Illustrations, Foreword, Acknowledgments, Notes, Index. ISBN 0-262-08295-0 [289 pp. $32.95. Cloth, 5 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142- 1493].

Five-Hundred Life-Saving Interventions And Their Misuse In The Debate Over Regulatory Reform, Lisa Heinzerling

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author argues that John D. Graham, administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, holds strong anti-environmental biases and has perpetuated and encouraged a misrepresentation of his own research, which has largely influenced health, safety, and environmental regulation.

Environmental Risk Analysis: Problems And Perspectives In Different Countries, Bhola Ram Gurjar, Manju Mohan

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors discuss various industrial accidents, which have led to growing concerns about the potential hazards and risks involved in chemical process industries.

Dive Tourism: Evaluating Service Quality, Martin O'Neill, Martin Maccarthy, Paul Abdullah

Hospitality Review

Through the application of importance- performance analysis (/PA), the author investigated the conceptualization and measurement of service quality for tour operators in the scuba diving industry Findings from a study of consumer perceptions of service quality as they relate to a dive tour operator in Western Australia revealed the core service quality dimensions hat need to be improved for the operator and demonstrated the values and relative simplicity of the importance-performance analyses for dive tour operators generally

Editors' Introduction And Acknowledgements, M. Deborah Bialeschki, Karla A. Henderson, Anderson B. Young, Robert G. Andrejewski

Research in Outdoor Education

An introduction to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume 6 is presented by the authors on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Front Matter, Coalition For Education In The Outdoors (Ceo)

Research in Outdoor Education

The Coalition for Education in the Outdoors initiated a Research Task Force in 1990 with the purpose of supporting the conduct of research in the field and the dissemination of the results. The symposium at Bradford Woods and these Proceedings offer evidence of the success of this task force. At the first symposium in 1992, there was general agreement that the symposium be a regular occurrence. The 2002 Symposim and these Proceedings are indicators of the Coalition's continued support of research in outdoor education. Information on future events will be available through the Coalition office.

This article includes the Editors, …

Milestones In Outdoor Education, Anderson B. Young

Research in Outdoor Education

A preface to the journal "Research in Outdoor Education," volume is presented by the author on behalf of the Coalition for Education in the Outdoors (CEO) Research Committee.

Reynold E. Carlson: A Distinguished Pioneer In Outdoor Education, Joel Meier

Research in Outdoor Education

A tribute to Reynold E. Carson, a pioneer in outdoor education, is presented by the author.

Effective Practices And Participant Outcomes For Youth: Inclusive Camps And Outdoor Schools, Steve Brannan, Joel Arick, Ann Fullerton

Research in Outdoor Education

This research project investigated resident camp and outdoor school programs and em­ployed validated instrumentation to help deter­mine the effects of inclusive practices on the growth and development of youth with and without disabilities (Brannan, Fullerton, Arick, Robb, and Bender, in press).

Qualitative Outcomes For Youth Who Participate In Inclusive Programs: A Multi-Case Analysis Across 14 Camps And Outdoor Schools, Ann Fullerton, Steve Brannan, Joel Arick

Research in Outdoor Education

As the number of inclusive programs grows, an important question arises: What are the out­comes of participation in an inclusive camp or outdoor school where children live, learn, and play with peers of varying abilities. Residential camps and outdoor schools and their research partners are striving to develop effective meth­ods to examine the outcomes for program par­ticipants (Dworken. 2001). Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to examine outcomes such as changes in skill levels, self-perceptions, attitudes, social interaction, and infonnant or self-reported growth in various ar­eas of development. Qualitative research may help us describe the scope, depth, and …

Leader Integration Competencies And Staff Training, Leo Mcavoy, Jim Roehl, John Rynders

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to test that competencies about inclusion were learned in staff training. Specifically, the study sought to identify the leadership competencies necessary for leaders in integrated outdoor adventure pro­grams and to measure the effectiveness of a staff training addressing one of these competencies (the ability to apply integration strategies). This study was exploratory in nature and centered on one agency, Wilderness Inquiry, Inc. (WI) of Minneapolis, which is recognized as the fore­most integrated outdoor adventure program in the country. The study focused on current staff of Wilderness Inquiry and on the approximately 30 new program …

Using Means-End Theory To Understand The Outdoor Adventure Experience, Marnie Goldenberg, Leo Mcavoy, David Klensosky, Tom Holman

Research in Outdoor Education

According to Ford (1981), outdoor educa­tion is "education in, about, and for the out­doors, implying a place, a topic, and a reason" (p. 14). Another working definition stated that outdoor education is "an experiential method of learning which takes place primarily through sensory involvement with the out-of-doors" (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 17). Priest and Gass also defined outdoor adventure programs as those. that use challenging experiences in the outdoors to promote personal and group devel­opment.

This research developed a better under­standing of the linkages between outdoor adven­ture program (Outward Bound) experiences and outcomes using means-end analysis. Previously the means-end …

Difficulty And Ability: Staff Member Perceptions Of Seasonal Staff Training, Gwynn M. Powell, Robert D. Bixler, Deborah M. Switzer, Karen P. Hurtes

Research in Outdoor Education

The process that camp directors use to plan and implement their staff training and continu­ing education may be affected by understanding seasonal staff-member perceptions of the diffi­culty and ability of camp-specific skills and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate staff perceptions to provide a base­line of information for practice and future re­search.

The Adventure Model: A Replication Study To Determine If Different Adventure Skills Support The Model, Ken Gilbertson, Alan Ewert

Research in Outdoor Education

The Adventure Model uses the theory of specialization (Bryan, 1977; Ditton, Loomis, & Choi, 1992) as a developmental framework by suggesting that participants become specialized in their adventure activities, implying that individuals have differing needs and expectations based on skill and activity type. In addition, as suggested by Scott and. Shafer (2001), speciali­zation implies a developmental process involving behavior, attitudes, and preferences. Thus, the Adventure Model suggests that as partici­pants become more skilled and specialized, a number of attributes, such as frequency of par­ticipation and locus of decision making, change in a predictable manner (Anderson, Anderson, & Young, 2000; Ewert …

Multidimensional Self-Concept And Outdoor Adventure Education With Adolescents, Timothy S. O'Connell

Research in Outdoor Education

This study focused on the changes in self-concept of adolescents enrolled in· out­door adventure education courses offered at a traditional· college preparatory high school and explored how gender influenced changes in specific domains of self-concept.

An Analysis Of Outdoor Leaders' Ethics Guiding Decisions, Denise Mitten

Research in Outdoor Education

Up to 70,000 people a year may participate in wilderness experience programs in the United States (Friese, Hendee, & Kinziger, 1998). Many more people participate in non-wildemess outdoor programs. Over 700 programs offer wilderness opportunities for personal growth in the United States with a predicted increase of 15 percent a year (Ewert & McAvoy, 1999). During these trips, the behavior modeled and the infor­mation shared by the outdoor leaders influences a large number of people, including people with many diverse needs. Garvey (1999) stated that outdoor leaders model what they hold to be the most appropriate behavior in a situation: …

If The Dress Fits, Wear It.: Uncovering Meaning In Gender Stereotyping In An Australian Outdoor Education Program, Katherine J. Pinch

Research in Outdoor Education

This study is part of a larger project that ex­amined the significance of the gender system working within and through an outdoor adven­ture education program for adolescents. Al­though the categories female and male were used to describe the claimed and ascribed identi­ties of the participants, the study was designed to explore the implications of the gender system with reference to agency and empowerment for adolescent girls, not to differentiate between "essential" female and male experiences. The data was not analyzed to make statistical infer­ences about girls and boys as homogeneous groups. It was viewed in terms of how different ranges …