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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nitrogen Fertilization And Harvest Management Improve Forage And Crude Protein Content In Crabgrass, B. C. Pedreira, I. T. M. D. Barros, J. I. Yasuoka, D. Helwig, J. K. Farney, G. F. Sassenrath
Nitrogen Fertilization And Harvest Management Improve Forage And Crude Protein Content In Crabgrass, B. C. Pedreira, I. T. M. D. Barros, J. I. Yasuoka, D. Helwig, J. K. Farney, G. F. Sassenrath
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.) is an annual summer grass that can provide high-quality forage, but optimal management strategies are unclear. Our objective was to compare the yield and quality of crabgrass (Mojo and Quick-N-Big) under different nitrogen rates and harvest management. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments and three replications for each crabgrass variety, totaling fifteen experimental units for both Mojo and Quick-N-Big, in adjacent sites. Treatments were nitrogen rates (0, 100, and 200 lb N/acre) and harvest management (cut once or twice per year) for two growing seasons (2020 and 2021). Total forage accumulation …
Addition Of Red Clover Or Birdsfoot Trefoil In Alfalfa-Based Mixtures To Improve The Forage Energy To Protein Balance, Philippe Seguin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, M. Thériault, X. Godin, Shabtai Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, Gilles Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, Annick Bertrand, A. Claessens
Addition Of Red Clover Or Birdsfoot Trefoil In Alfalfa-Based Mixtures To Improve The Forage Energy To Protein Balance, Philippe Seguin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, M. Thériault, X. Godin, Shabtai Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, Gilles Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, Annick Bertrand, A. Claessens
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The low ratio of sugars (S) to crude proteins (CP) in alfalfa (AL, Medicago sativa L.) leads to inefficient use of nitrogen by ruminants. The objective was to determine if adding red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense L.) or birdsfoot trefoil (BT, Lotus corniculatus L.) with or without a grass species to AL improved the forage S/CP ratio. Treatments were 100% AL (control) or AL-based mixtures with RC or BT in three proportions (75, 50, or 25% of seeded legumes) with either no grass or with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) or tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. Dumort.), resulting in …
Climate Change And Legume Performance In Grassland Agroecosystems, Lynn E. Sollenberger, M. M. Kohmann
Climate Change And Legume Performance In Grassland Agroecosystems, Lynn E. Sollenberger, M. M. Kohmann
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
We reviewed the literature to assess the effect of climate change factors on forage legumes. Whether growing in monoculture or mixtures with grasses, exposing legumes to elevated CO2 (eCO2) generally leads to sustained increases in forage accumulation (FA) and N fixation, but elevated temperature (eT) in conjunction with eCO2 usually reduces magnitude of these responses. In legumes, nodules represent large C sinks, precluding photosynthetic acclimation to eCO2 observed in non-N fixing plants. Greater N fixation in legume-grass mixtures exposed to eCO2 is due to greater percentage of legume N derived from symbiotic fixation and …
Impact Of Dry Matter At Ensiling On Final Ph And Nutritive Value Of Mixed Cool-Season Haylage, Christopher D. Teutsch, A. E. Teutsch
Impact Of Dry Matter At Ensiling On Final Ph And Nutritive Value Of Mixed Cool-Season Haylage, Christopher D. Teutsch, A. E. Teutsch
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Harvesting hay as baleage can allow for more timely harvest, especially in spring months when curing conditions are not ideal. Forage conserved as baleage undergoes anaerobic fermentation in which the sugars are converted to lactic acid, lowering final pH. To successfully conserve forage as dry hay, moisture concentrations must be less than 18%. In contrast, the ideal moisture concentration for baleage is between 55 and 65%. There are a number of producers harvesting and wrapping hay that is not quite “dry enough” to bale but is too dry to ensile. This produces a product commonly referred to by producers as …
Relationships Between Productivity, Quality And Traits In Seven Co-Occurring Grass Species, L. S. Pontes, Jean-François Soussana, P. Carrère, F. Louault, J. Aufrère, D. Andueza
Relationships Between Productivity, Quality And Traits In Seven Co-Occurring Grass Species, L. S. Pontes, Jean-François Soussana, P. Carrère, F. Louault, J. Aufrère, D. Andueza
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The impacts of management options sometimes have dramatic effects on botanical composition which in turn affect yield and nutritive value. A functional analysis of vegetation response may help to understand and predict the impact of changes in grassland management in a more general way screening for plant traits that may control productivity and nutritive value.
Yield And Quality Of Annual Ryegrass Grown In Pure Stand And In Mixtures With Squarrosum Clover, M. E. V. L. Lourenço, P. M. M. Palma
Yield And Quality Of Annual Ryegrass Grown In Pure Stand And In Mixtures With Squarrosum Clover, M. E. V. L. Lourenço, P. M. M. Palma
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of growing annual ryegrass in mixtures instead of ryegrass alone in order to reduce nitrogen application and thereby lowering production costs, and environmental pollution.
Canavalia Brasiliensis: A Multipurpose Legume For The Sub-Humid Tropics, A. Schmidt, M. Peters, A. Franco, R. Schultze-Kraft
Canavalia Brasiliensis: A Multipurpose Legume For The Sub-Humid Tropics, A. Schmidt, M. Peters, A. Franco, R. Schultze-Kraft
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth. ("Brazilian jackbean") is a weakly perennial, prostrate to twining herbaceous legume with a wide natural distribution in the New World tropics and subtropics. In comparison with C. ensiformis ("jackbean"), research reports on C. brasiliensis are scattered and restricted to studies done in Latin America. The species develops a dense and extensive, deep-reaching root system and subsequently tolerates a 5-6 month dry period. Based on studies that generally were done with only one genotype, it is adapted to a wide range of soils, including very acid, low-fertility soils. Its main use is as green manure, for …
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, Hayley C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, Hayley C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In south-western Australia 10% or 1.8 million ha of the farmed area is affected by dryland salinity and a further 6 million ha are at risk of salinity (NLWRA, 2001). Animal production from saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-based pasture systems represents the most likely large-scale opportunity for productive use of saline land in the short to medium term. Feeding saltbush-based pastures as a maintenance feed during the prolonged autumn feed gap typical in Mediterranean-type climates maximises their economic value. The aim of this study was to explore the diversity and nutritive value of plants that typically persist in saltbush-based saltland pastures.
Effects Of Forage Species And Stage Of Maturity On In Situ Disappearance Of Organic Matter And Fibre Fractions, H. S. Hussein
Effects Of Forage Species And Stage Of Maturity On In Situ Disappearance Of Organic Matter And Fibre Fractions, H. S. Hussein
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Nutrient utilisation by ruminants is altered by the forage species and its maturity. Maturity is the major factor affecting forage morphology and quality. Forage quality is reduced with maturity due to a decrease in the leaf:stem ratio and an increase in fibre components (Ugherughe, 1986). Improving forage utilisation by ruminants depends on accurate measurements of their nutritive value by using in vitro and in situ methods. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritive value (i.e., extent of in situ disappearance of organic matter [OM], neutral detergent fibre [NDF], and acid detergent fibre [ADF]) of four grass species …
Shearing Strength And Chemical Composition In The Selection For Quality In Brachiaria Brizantha, Cacilda B. Valle, F. E. Torres, B. Lempp
Shearing Strength And Chemical Composition In The Selection For Quality In Brachiaria Brizantha, Cacilda B. Valle, F. E. Torres, B. Lempp
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Selection of quality pasture forages for productivity, nutritive value and animal performance require long-term, expensive trials. Simpler and accurate techniques to detect quality differences among genotypes have been proposed (Mackinnon et al., 1988; Hughes et al., 2000). This paper discusses the use of shearing strength in Brachiaria brizantha ecotypes to correlate physical traits with chemical composition: the objective being the identification of cultivars of improved quality forage suitable to the savannas of Brazil.
Animal Performance And Productivity Of New Ecotypes Of Brachiaria Brizantha In Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle, R. Flores, M. P. Oliveira
Animal Performance And Productivity Of New Ecotypes Of Brachiaria Brizantha In Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, Cacilda B. Do Valle, R. Flores, M. P. Oliveira
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Brazil has the competitive advantage of a very dynamic and cost effective animal production system on pastures over other countries. The pursuit for more productive forages that will result in higher quality beef at a lower cost is then justified. Brachiaria is the most important forage genus utilised in Brazil, thus an intense search for new cultivars amongst collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is underway. Following agronomic evaluation of this material in plots, 8 pre-selected Brachiaria ecotypes were tested under intermittent grazing in paddocks (Euclides et al., 2001). Continuing on the process of cultivar development, two out of …
Sustainability Of Beef, Dairy And Goat Production With Batiki Grass (Ischaemum Aristatum Var. Indicum) In The Dry Season In Samoa, E. M. Aregheore
Sustainability Of Beef, Dairy And Goat Production With Batiki Grass (Ischaemum Aristatum Var. Indicum) In The Dry Season In Samoa, E. M. Aregheore
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Batiki grass (Ischaemum aristatum var. indicum) was introduced to Samoa from Fiji in the early 1970s to complement other existing natural or unimproved grasses and is now the most common propagated pasture grass in Samoa. The contrast between the wet and the dry seasons has a great impact on the nutritive value of batiki grass. Aregheore (2002) observed reduced growth rate, poor body condition score and low performance in steer calves and goats offered batiki as the sole diet during the dry season. This paper reports on the sustainability of beef, dairy and goat production with batiki grass …
Nutritive Value Of Alopecurus Pratensis, Festuca Rubra, Arrhenatherum Elatius And Lolium Perenne Grown In The South Of Belgium, A. Nivyobizi, A. G. Deswysen, D. Dehareng, A. Peeters, Y. Larondelle
Nutritive Value Of Alopecurus Pratensis, Festuca Rubra, Arrhenatherum Elatius And Lolium Perenne Grown In The South Of Belgium, A. Nivyobizi, A. G. Deswysen, D. Dehareng, A. Peeters, Y. Larondelle
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In Europe, recent strategies have aimed at encouraging farmers to use production techniques more efficient in preserving the environment and maintaining natural areas. Those strategies have encouraged the use of secondary grass species in forage production systems. However, the nutritive value of those grasses is not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy and nitrogen values of Alopecurus pratensis (ALPR), Festuca rubra (FERU) and Arrhenatherum elatius (AREL) under moderate rates of nitrogen (N) application (60 kg N/ha per cut) and a hay-cutting regime (2 cuts/year: 25 May and 9 July). Lolium perenne cv. …
Gene Discovery And Molecular Dissection Of Fructan Metabolism In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), J. Chalmers, A. Lidgett, X. Johnson, K. Terdich, N. Cummings, Y. Y. Cao, K. Fulgueras, M. Emmerling, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg
Gene Discovery And Molecular Dissection Of Fructan Metabolism In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne), J. Chalmers, A. Lidgett, X. Johnson, K. Terdich, N. Cummings, Y. Y. Cao, K. Fulgueras, M. Emmerling, T. Sawbridge, E. K. Ong, A. Mouradov, G. C. Spangenberg
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Fructans are the main soluble carbohydrate stored in up to a third of the vegetation of the earth, including the economically important temperate grasses. Fructans are polymers of fructose attached to a sucrose precursor. Perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.) accumulates fructans of the inulin series, inulin neoseries and levan neoseries. Four enzymes are required to produce fructans of this profile: 1-SST (sucrose:sucrose 1- fructosyltransferase), 1-FFT (fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase), 6G-FFT (6-glucose fructosyltransferase) and 6-FFT (fructan:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) or 6-SFT (sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) (Figure 1). Fructan biosynthetic enzymes have evolved from invertases and thus it is argued that fructan metabolism is an extension …
Modelling The Digestibility Decrease Of Three Grass Species During Spring Growth According To The Age Of The Grass, The Thermal Age And The Yield, M. E. Salamanca, R. Lambert, M. Gomez, A. Peeters
Modelling The Digestibility Decrease Of Three Grass Species During Spring Growth According To The Age Of The Grass, The Thermal Age And The Yield, M. E. Salamanca, R. Lambert, M. Gomez, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The nutritive value of forage changes during growth. For the protein content, a general evolution curve was found with the yield increase (Salette & Lemaire, 1984). The digestibility of the organic matter decreases during growth as cellulose and lignin content increase. Regrowth age is the main factor, which explains the digestibility decrease (Demarquilly & Jarrige, 1981). The crop age can be expressed in number of growth days but also in thermal age (cumulated temperature). We compared the digestibility change of three grass species during spring growth for two years as a function of yield increase, thermal age or number of …
Using The Grassgro Decision Support Tool To Evaluate The Response In Grazing Systems To Pasture Legume Or A Grass Cultivar With Improved Nutritive Value, H. Dove, J. R. Donnelly
Using The Grassgro Decision Support Tool To Evaluate The Response In Grazing Systems To Pasture Legume Or A Grass Cultivar With Improved Nutritive Value, H. Dove, J. R. Donnelly
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Decision support tools (DST) based on models of grazing systems allow the evaluation of changes in enterprise management on productivity and profitability. The Grassgro DST (Moore et al., 1997) uses historical weather data on a daily time step to simulate pasture growth and the resultant productivity of either grazing sheep or cattle. Different pasture species are represented within a parameter set that describes the response of pasture species to their environment. Manipulation of these parameters provides a means of evaluating, a priori, the likely responses of livestock production to ‘improved cultivars’. We report the results of simulations conducted …
Aerobic Stability And Nutritive Value Of Low Dry Matter Maize Silage Treated With A Formic Acid-Based Preservative, I. Filya, E. Sucu, A. Karabulut
Aerobic Stability And Nutritive Value Of Low Dry Matter Maize Silage Treated With A Formic Acid-Based Preservative, I. Filya, E. Sucu, A. Karabulut
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Aerobic stability is one of the major problems of the ensiling process, especially in warm climates. Ashbell et al. (2002) have shown that at 30°C, the development of aerobic yeast and moulds in silages is most intensive. In Turkey all silages are susceptible to air penetration during storage and unloading with a large proportion of the silage spoiled and in extreme cases all the silage is spoiled. The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of formic acid-based preservative (FAB; Kemisile® 2000, Kemira Oyj-Industrial Chemicals, Finland) on the aerobic stability and nutritive value of maize silage.
Nutritive Value For Finishing Beef Steers Of Wheat Grain Conserved By Different Techniques, P. Stacey, P. O'Kiely, A. P. Moloney, F. P. O'Mara
Nutritive Value For Finishing Beef Steers Of Wheat Grain Conserved By Different Techniques, P. Stacey, P. O'Kiely, A. P. Moloney, F. P. O'Mara
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Wheat grain harvested at dry matter (DM) concentrations above 860 g/kg is slow to deteriorate during long-term storage. However, high moisture grain (HMG) ranging from below 600 to 750 g DM/kg is conserved on some farms in the form of anaerobic storage of acid-treated, rolled wheat (AR) and urea-treated whole-wheat (UN) (Stacey et al., 2003). This experiment quantified the nutritive value for beef cattle of standard wheat grain (propionic acid-treated and rolled:PR) compared to AR and UN at different levels of intake.
Utilisation Of Coffee Grounds For Total Mixed Ration Silage, C. Xu, Y. Cai, N. Hino, N. Yoshida, M. Ogawa
Utilisation Of Coffee Grounds For Total Mixed Ration Silage, C. Xu, Y. Cai, N. Hino, N. Yoshida, M. Ogawa
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the beverage industry, wastes from coffee grounds are of particular importance given their rapid increase in recent years. Although a small part is converted into raw compost material, wastes generated from tea grounds are generally incinerated. There is increasing demand for efficient use of by-products due to economic and environmental concerns. Approximately 200,000 t of coffee grounds are produced annually in Japan. These grounds usually have high protein, fat, fibre, and nitrogen-free extract and possibly could be a source of nutrients for ruminant (Xu et al., 2004). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the fermentation characteristics …
Synergism Of Chemical And Microbial Additives On Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinaruml.) Silage Fermentation, T. F. Bernardes, G. R. Siqueira, R. P. Schocken-Inturrino, A. P. T. P. Roth, R. A. Reis
Synergism Of Chemical And Microbial Additives On Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinaruml.) Silage Fermentation, T. F. Bernardes, G. R. Siqueira, R. P. Schocken-Inturrino, A. P. T. P. Roth, R. A. Reis
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Sugarcane has a high productive potential (30 t DM/year) and it is commonly used in its fresh form. The ensiling of sugarcane is increasing but little research has been carried out to reduce nutrient losses during fermentation.
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, H. C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
Diversity And Variation In Nutritive Value Of Plants Growing On 2 Saline Sites In Southwestern Australia, H. C. Norman, R. A. Dynes, D. G. Masters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In south-western Australia 10% or 1.8 million ha of the farmed area is affected by dryland salinity and a further 6 million ha are at risk of salinity (NLWRA, 2001). Animal production from saltbush (Atriplex spp.)-based pasture systems represents the most likely large-scale opportunity for productive use of saline land in the short to medium term. Feeding saltbush-based pastures as a maintenance feed during the prolonged autumn feed gap typical in Mediterranean-type climates maximises their economic value. The aim of this study was to explore the diversity and nutritive value of plants that typically persist in saltbush-based saltland pastures.