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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Biennial And Low-Frequency Components Of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, James Michael Ryan
Biennial And Low-Frequency Components Of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, James Michael Ryan
Theses and Dissertations
El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a coupled oscillation of sea surface temperatures (SSTs), winds, and air pressure in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, that repeats with quasi-regularity, every 2–7 years. Although the ENSO’s spectral peak is found at a 4–7-yr period, composite El Niño events, taken as the 84 months before and after the peak of each El Niño, show that the length of each event, and often the following La Niña if there is one, usually falls within a quasi-biennial (QB) range of around 18–42 months. We argue that the biennial range of ENSO events stems from the …
Hydrological And Paleoclimate Analysis Of A Pinyon-Juniper And Fen-Dominated Watershed On The Windy Ridge Mega-Landslide, Joel Frederick Barker
Hydrological And Paleoclimate Analysis Of A Pinyon-Juniper And Fen-Dominated Watershed On The Windy Ridge Mega-Landslide, Joel Frederick Barker
Theses and Dissertations
Water BudgetThis chapter documents the hydrologic analysis of a watershed within the Windy Ridge mega-landslide of Central Utah to (1) create a water budget and (2) place a quantitative limit on the magnitude of climatic changes documented by Shurtliff et al. (2017) and Hudson et al. (2019). (1) A water budget was calculated over the last four years using instrumentation and weather stations both within and surrounding the watershed, In terms of precipitation input, 85% is released by the evapotranspiration of the Pinyon-Juniper forest, 4% discharges as surface water from the base of the watershed, and 11 % infiltrates the …
The Role Of The Southern Ocean On Global Ocean Circulation And Climate, Brady Scott Ferster
The Role Of The Southern Ocean On Global Ocean Circulation And Climate, Brady Scott Ferster
Theses and Dissertations
The Southern Ocean (SO) is a unique and highly dynamic region with strong temperature and salinity gradients. A comparison between satellite-derived salinity and observations indicates strong differences along coastal boundaries, areas of low temperature, and regions of strong currents. Although differences throughout much of the SO are shown to be negligible, resolution and smoothing in the products create large biases in horizontal gradients and errors in estimating the water cycle. The three-dimensional movement of water within the SO plays an important role in the global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), where the Southern Hemisphere westerlies drive both zonal and meridional transports …
Multidecadal Variability In Climate Models And Observations, Alex Carl Oser
Multidecadal Variability In Climate Models And Observations, Alex Carl Oser
Theses and Dissertations
Climate change attribution and prediction using state-of-the-art models continue to garner an ever-growing focus amongst both the scientific community and public alike. Recent analyses showing discrepancies in the structure of modeled and observed decadal climate variability (DCV), therefore, have engendered efforts to not only diagnose the dynamics underpinning observed DCV, but also to characterize the behavior of DCV within climate models. In this thesis, we employ Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA) to show that while the DCV signal in observations is best described as a coherent oscillation with complex propagation across the globe, modeled DCV lacks this structure altogether. Specifically, …
Quantifying Permafrost Extent, Condition, And Degradation Rates At Department Of Defense Installations In The Arctic, Christopher A.J. Edlund
Quantifying Permafrost Extent, Condition, And Degradation Rates At Department Of Defense Installations In The Arctic, Christopher A.J. Edlund
Theses and Dissertations
The DoD is planning over $500M in military construction on Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) within the next three years. This construction program will expand the footprint of facilities and change parts of the storm water management scheme, which may have second order effects on the underlying permafrost layer. These changes in permafrost will drive engineering decision making at local and regional levels, and help shape the overall strategy for military readiness in the Arctic. Little site-specific knowledge exists on the human caused effects to permafrost at this location. In 2016, the permafrost degradation rates at Eielson AFB were modeled …
Late Paleo-Indian Period Lithic Economies, Mobility, And Group Organization In Wisconsin, Ethan Adam Epstein
Late Paleo-Indian Period Lithic Economies, Mobility, And Group Organization In Wisconsin, Ethan Adam Epstein
Theses and Dissertations
The following dissertation focuses upon the organization of Pleistocene / Holocene period lithic technology in Wisconsin circa 10,000 – 10,500 years before present. Lithic debitage and flaked stone tools from the Plainview/Agate Basin components of the Heyrman I site (47DR381), the Dalles site (47IA374), and the Kelly North Tract site at Carcajou Point (47JE02) comprise the data set. These Wisconsin sites are located within a post glacial Great Lakes dune environment, an inland drainage/riverine environment, and an inland wetland/lacustrine environment. An assemblage approach is used to examine the structure of each site’s lithic economy. This broad approach to lithic organization …
Using Declassified Satellite Imagery To Quantify Geomorphic Change: A New Approach And Application To Himalayan Glaciers, Joshua Michael Maurer
Using Declassified Satellite Imagery To Quantify Geomorphic Change: A New Approach And Application To Himalayan Glaciers, Joshua Michael Maurer
Theses and Dissertations
Himalayan glaciers are key components of earth's cryosphere, acting as hydrological reservoirs vital to many human and natural systems. Most Himalayan glaciers are shrinking in response to changing climate, which will potentially impact water resources, natural hazards, sea level rise, and many other aspects. However, there is much uncertainty regarding the state of these glaciers, as direct field data are difficult to obtain. Accordingly, long-timespan remote sensing techniques are needed to measure changing glaciers, which have memory and often respond to climate on decadal timescales. This study uses declassified historical imagery from the Hexagon spy satellite database to fulfill this …
Using A Semiprognostic Test To Elucidate Key Model Errors Of Warm Rain Processes Within A Unified Parameterization Of Clouds And Turbulence, Justin Kyle Weber
Using A Semiprognostic Test To Elucidate Key Model Errors Of Warm Rain Processes Within A Unified Parameterization Of Clouds And Turbulence, Justin Kyle Weber
Theses and Dissertations
The representation of clouds and turbulence remains one of the foremost challenges in modeling earth's climate system and continues to remain one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in future climate projections. Increased attention has been given to unifying cloud and turbulence parameterizations in order to avoid the artificial categorization of cloud and turbulence regimes. One such unified parameterization is known as the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB). CLUBB is a single column model of clouds and turbulence that assumes subgrid scale variability can be represented by a joint probability density function (PDF) of temperature, moisture, momentum, and hydrometeors. …
Multi-Periodic Climate Dynamics: Spectral Analysis Of Instrumental, Short- And Long-Length Proxy Temperature Records, Michael David Madsen
Multi-Periodic Climate Dynamics: Spectral Analysis Of Instrumental, Short- And Long-Length Proxy Temperature Records, Michael David Madsen
Theses and Dissertations
Analyzing 26 short-length (less than 3000 years) instrumental and proxy temperature records and five long-length (greater than 3000 years) proxy temperature records using Discrete Fourier Transform has shown that as the length of significant periods increase in the time domain then so does the power at which the period is observed. A t-test verifies that a positive correlation exist between the length of the significant periods and the power with a confidence level of ∝ >0.05. Significant frequencies with period greater than 30 years are confirmed using Monte Carlo simulations, which were created using a nonlinear approach known as fractional …
Northern Hemisphere Sea Level Pressure Synchronization And Its Effect On Northern Hemisphere Temperature Variability, Joshua Daniel Verbeten
Northern Hemisphere Sea Level Pressure Synchronization And Its Effect On Northern Hemisphere Temperature Variability, Joshua Daniel Verbeten
Theses and Dissertations
We consider monthly anomalies of zonally averaged sea level pressure (SLP) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) from two reanalysis products. A measure of synchronization utilizing correlation coefficient in a five-year sliding window across all latitude pairs is computed over this data. It is found that there have been two NH SLP synchronization episodes since the 1890s, which are significant to approximately three standard deviations. Similar statistically significant synchronization events are seen in simulations of 42 global climate models (GCM) with the dominant synchronization pattern in GCMs proving dynamically consistent with observations. Furthermore, a GCM-based NH temperature anomaly composite shows a …
Impacts Of Spatial, Environmental, And Compositional Differences On Community-Level Flowering Phenology, Isaac William Park
Impacts Of Spatial, Environmental, And Compositional Differences On Community-Level Flowering Phenology, Isaac William Park
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation investigates three important topics related to flowering phenology throughout the United States. First, this work evaluates the utility of herbarium records for estimating historical variation in community-level flowering phenology, and evaluate the relationship of such estimates to satellite-derived greenup timing at regional scales. This dissertation then reconstructs historical variations in flowering phenology throughout the spring, summer, and autumn across South Carolina for the years 1951 through 2009. These estimates will then be compared to seasonal temperature variations throughout this period. Finally, this dissertation develops novel herbarium-based methods to separate intraspecific phenological variations over space from changes in flowering …
Sediment Flux Through The Rio Grande River: A Monsoonal Effect, Troy C. Hiatt
Sediment Flux Through The Rio Grande River: A Monsoonal Effect, Troy C. Hiatt
Theses and Dissertations
Climate has historically been recognized as an influence on sediment flux and deposition. The North American Monsoon is suggested as the forcing mechanism of deltaic progradational events of the Rio Grande River delta. Interpretations of reflection seismic profiles reveal that eustatic rise in sea-level from the Last Glacial Maximum to present is accompanied by several regressional events of the Rio Grande delta 5.5, 9.5, and 11.5 ka BP. Much of the migration of depositional facies within a delta system is forced by hinterland tectonics and base-level rise and fall. However, we suggest that the movement of facies within the Rio …