Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Storm-Wave And Storm-Surge Modification Of Virginia's Ocean Coast, Wyman Harrison

Reports

The purpose of this study was to begin work on a method for operational prediction of storm-induced beach changes. The thought was to use wind and storm-surge data that are predicted on a routine basis by the National Weather Service, NOAA, and it was felt that if such a procedure could be developed, it would be possible to provide estimates of beach erosion or deposition as part of routine weather forecasts whenever storms threatened. It was also hoped that it might be possible to make estimates of shoreline erosion during previous years by using historical storm data in the prediction …

Special Purpose Areas In Virginia's Coastal Zone, J. B. Pleasants

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science is charged with the responsibility of advising state management agencies on matters relating to the environments and resources of the coastal zone of Virginia. Under this broad requirement, we have been specifically assigned the task of recommending an ocean-dumping policy for the Commonwealth. This paper, a survey of specially designated areas in coastal waters of the state, is designed to provide some of the background material required in the development of such a policy.

Investigation Of The Water Table In A Tidal Beach : Final Report, W. Harrison, John D. Boon, L. E. Fausak, C. S. Fang, S. N. Wang

Reports

• I. Instrumentation for Measurement of Water Table Fluctuations by John D. Boon, III, and W. Harrison
• II. The Beach Water Table as a Response Variable of the System by L. E. Fausak
• III. Changes in Foreshore Sand Volume: Role of Fluctuations in Water Table and Ocean Still Water Level by W. Harrison
• IV. One-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Groundwater Flow by W. Harrison, C. S. Fang, and S. N. Wang
• V. Two-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Groundwater Flow by C. S. Fang, S. N. Wang, and W. Harrison

Analysis Of Water Reuse Alternatives In An Integrated Urban And Agricultural Area, A. Bruce Bishop, David W. Hendricks

Reports

Intoduction

The growing demands on our existing water supplies and the current problems of water shortage emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to analysis and planning of water reuse. The primary focus, heretofore, has been on the treatment technology for achieving water reuse.

The concept of reuse, however, should be broadened to consider a totally integrated urban and agricultural system. This necessitates a systems analysis where water reuse, together with all other water dispositions, is considered in the context of its contribution to the total water resources pool of a region.

The components of the water resource system are …

Surface Observations, Ground Truth And Data : Nasa-Usgs Mission 144 : Chesapeake Bay Region, Sept. 22-30, 1970, Maynard M. Nichols

Reports

Surface observations of coastal waters and "ground. truth" data were obtained to aid interpretation and analyses of overflight photography and imagery. Among the broad objectives of the mission was to investigate the potential of high-altitude, multispectral photography as a tool for the improved planning necessary to cope with multidisciplinary problems within the coastal zone, specifically with regard to:

1. The inventory and evaluation of the central Atlantic coastal area natural resources;

2. The assessment of human and natural degradation of these resources;

3. The feasibility of monitoring resource allocation and management, including land use categories and the impact of urbanization …

Environmental Status Report - January-February-March 1971, Florida Power Corporation

Reports

The publication of this quarterly issue of Environmental Status Report records the development of Florida Power Corporation's environmental activities since January 1, 1971. This report emphasizes those programs investigating the environs of the Crystal River Nuclear Plant now under construction. However, a progress report of the environmental efforts at the proposed Anclote fossil-fired generating site is included in Appendix G. The locations of the Crystal River and Anclote sites are shown in Figure 1 (page 5)_

The Environmental, Resource-Use And Management Needs Of The Coast Zone, A Compendium, William J. Hargis Jr., Beverly L. Laird

Reports

As part of art extensive effort to develop a better understanding and evaluation of the problems imposed upon the Chesapeake Bay System by the activities of man and the management and informational needs related to their solution, we decided to examine a number of documents of ranging authorship and origin. The reports, papers, and manuscripts, comprising the resource materials utilized, range from the massive study entitled National Estuary Study -- recently completed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, to internal study manuscripts of the Institute, itself. Included were studies. aimed …

Anclote Environmental Project Report 1970, Marine Science Institue, University Ofsouth Florida

Reports

A comprehensive environmental study involves lengthy and complex research and this report presents results which are preliminary in nature. The sampling period was limited to the fall (September-November) of 1970 in an area which shows marked seasonality. The results however represent a considerable body of information on the Anclote environment and valuable conclusions can be drawn from them. Included in the reports of each sub-discipline which follow are comments on future objectives, especially those for the coming year.

Anclote Environmental Project Report 1971, Marine Science Institute, University Of South Florida

Reports

The sub-discipline reports which follow represent a considerable body of data on the Anclote environment. In general the results provide additional support for many of the conclusions stated or implied in the Annual Report for 1970 (op. cit.). The considerable diversity and complexity of the Anclote estuary and Anchorage including the major role of the grassbeds is now documented in some detail. The overall results also support previous recommendations concerning power plant construction and design (op. cit.).

The Effect Of Carbon On Algal Growth--Its Relationship To Eutrophication, Joel C. Goldman, Donald B. Porcella, Joe E. Middlebrooks, Daniel F. Toerien

Reports

Introduction: Natural and cultural eutrophication (enrichment with nutrients) frequnetly results in excessive algal growths thereby reducing the beneficial uses of surface waters (Hasler, 1947; Thomas, 1955, Edmondson et al., 1956, Oswald and Golueke, 1966, Skulberg, 1967, Mackenthun et al., 1968, Goldman and Armstrong, 1969, McGauhey et al., 1968,1969, 1970a, 1970b). Recent reviews emphsize that the prevention of further reduction in the quality of water resources requires the implementation of effective control measures (Goldman, 1965, Steward and Rohlich, 1967, Middlebrooks et al., 1969, Rohlich, 1969). Effective control of cultural eutrophication must involve the manipulation of those factors which affect algal growth, …

Further Studies Of The Optimum Operation Of Desalting Plants As A Supplemental Source Of Firm Yield, Calvin G. Clyde, Wesley H. Blood

Reports

The Operating Rule Program was developed in an earlier study to furnish a means to determine optimum desalting plant size, optimal operating rule, and costs of operating in conjunction with existing water supply systems, under the present study, five further objectives were accomplished: (1) The program was applied to a New York City water supply system feasibility study in connection with a dual purpose nuclear power plant to develop costs for adding firm yield to the New York City water supply system in conjunctive operation with the desalting plant. (2) The program was modified to enable assessment of stage construction …

Development Of Cold Cloud Seeding Technology For Use In Precipitation Management, Charles F. Chappell, Joel E. Fletcher, George W. Reynolds, William N. Mcneill, Ronald Campbell

Reports

This is a report of the world accomplished and results obtained under a 2-year contract. The primary objective of the Wasatch Weather Modification Project is to assess the effectiveness of selected procedures for increasing the water supply in the Wasatch Mountains by cloud seeding. As part of this overall objective, an airborne seeding experiment has been conducted for two winter seasons. Preliminary results of this experiment indicate a positive seeding effect within and on the periphery of the designated target area. A summary of project designs, procedures, and problems encountered is also included. Data processing, editing, analysis and display procedures, …

Inverse Solutions To Three-Dimensional Free Surface Potential Flows, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Methods are developed and defined for obtaining numerical solutions to three-dimensional, free surface, invisvid, incompressible fluid flows and three-dimensional free surface Darcian flow in porous media. Since those boundaries consisting of free surface are unknown a priori, a solution to the space boundary value problem resulting from a formulation in the physical space is very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. Consequently, the methods described herein are based on a formulation in a space defined by a potential function and two mutually orthogonal stream surfaces whose intersections define the streamlines of the flow. In this space the positions of free …

Extending Utility Of Non-Urban Water Supplies, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Extending the utility of an existing water supply in any river basin suggests a management-planning approach under three general guiding principles: (1) minimize depletions wherever possible (thereby maintaining a greater manageable quantity with subsequent potential to satisfy more uses); (2) generally preserve, protect, and improve water quality (thereby retaining its itility for use by a wider variety of potential users); and (3) make carefully considered allocations (thereby assuring multiples duty, more optimal sequencing, and shifts in use to conform to current and projected soil preferences). There are many technological and managerial techniques that can be employed to implement these principles. …

The Behavior Of Pvc Pipe Under The Action Of Water Hammer Pressure Waves, Gary Z. Watters

Reports

Introduction: Hydraulic transients, commonly referred to as water hammer, occur in a hydraulic system whenver the velocity of flow in any one of the pipes in the system is caused to change. The magnitude of the pressure waves generated by a given change in velocity depends on the geometry of the pipe system, the magnitude of the velocity change and the elastic wave velocity in the system componenets. In turn, the elastic wave velocity depends on the modulus of elasticity of the fluid and the pipe material, the size and thickness of the pipe, the method by which the pipe …

A Computer Model Of The Quantity And Chemical Quality Of Return Flow, Jimmie L. Thomas, J. Paul Riley, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

A hybrid computer program is developed to predict the water and salt outflow from a river basin in which irrigation is the major water user. A chemical model which predicts the quality of water percolated through a soil profile is combined with a general hydrologic model into form the system simulation model. The chemical model considers the reactions that occur in the soil, including the exchange of calcium, magnesium, and sodium cations on the soil complex, and the dissolution and precipitation of gypsum and lime. The chemical composition of the outflow is a function of these chemical processes within the …

Detergent And Non-Detergent Phosphorus In Sewage, Donald B. Porcella, E. J. Middlebrooks

Reports

Introduction: Quantitative data on nutrient levels in sewage from homes which are using heavy-duty detergents and which have been restrcited from using such detergents is necessary before rational decisions on the removal of phosphorus from detergetn can be made. Furthermore, the effect of various standard sewage treatment schemes on phosphorus levels should be evaluated to determine the relative cost of such treatment. Then the cost (to society, the environment, and to the taxpayer) of phosphorus removal from detergent and/or from sewage effluents can be estimated and such data utilized to make the appropriate policy decisions. The report herein presented is …

Water Resources Planning And Social Goals: Conceptualization Toward A New Methodology, D. Peterson, H. Caulfield, R. D'Arge, D. Gordon, M Marts, T. Roefs, R. Roelofs

Reports

A modeling concept relating water resource use to

A Computerized Method Of Precipitation Data Quality Control, Ronald H. Campbell

Reports

A computerized data quality check and data edit program has been developed to aid in the processing of telemetered precipitation data. The logic considerations and program development are discussed and results are displayed. This effort has resulted in successful editing of large amounts of precipitation data gathered by automated remote data acquisition techniques. The application of this processing routine has resulted in reducing data editing costs to about three percent of that required to do the work manually.

Finite Difference Solutions Of Axisymmetric Infiltration Through Partially Saturated Porous Media, Chi-Yuan Wei, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Solutions are obtained to the problem of steady-state partially saturated infiltration of moisture applied over a horizontal source circle which moved through homogeneous soils toward a water table. A commonly accepted relationship between relative permeability and capillary pressure has been utilized in conjunction wit Darcy’s law to formulate the mathematical model. The solutions have utilized an inverse formulation and have been obtained by finite difference. The inverse formulation considers the magnitudes of the cylindrical coordinates r and z as the dependent variables and the potential function and the Stokes’ stream function as the independent variables (i.e the problem is solved …

The Detection Of Magnetic Fields Caused By Groundwater, Duane G. Chadwick, Larry Jensen

Reports

Perturbations on the earth’s magnetic field may coincide with the existence of groundwater. Theoretical calculations are made showing how and to what extent this effect may exist. The suggestion is also made that water dowsers may get a dowsing reaction as a result of entering a change in magnetic gradient. Tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of dowsing reactions obtained by separate individuals dowsing in a common test area. Approximately 150 people participated in the experiment over a period of one year. Chi-square tests showed considerable statistical significance. Virtually all people tested experienced dowsing reactions though most of …

Hydrologic Inventory Of The Great Salt Lake Desert Area, Gary L. Foote, Robert W. Hill, Daniel H. Hoggan

Reports

The Great Salt Lake Desert, located in the southwest corner of the State of Utah"is a very dry region with sparse population and relatively small scattered areas of development. Since only a meager amount of hydrologic data has been collected and compiled for this relatively undeveloped area, the inventory presented herein is but a general appraisal of hydrologic conditions. Because of the small amount of development that has taken place and the general lack of hydrologic data, a water budget analysis is included for the Tooele Valley only.

Hybrid Computer Simulation Of The Accumulation And Melt Processes In A Snowpack, Keith O. Eggleston, Eugene K. Israelsen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

This study represents the first phase of an investigation to develop an operational simulation model of the point snowmelt process based on a time increment of one day or less. Mathematical relationships for various phenomena involved in the snowmelt process were proposed and tested. These relationships were combined into a model which is applicable to any geographic locations by determining appropriate constants for certain relationships. The model was synthesized on a hybrid computer and calibrated using field data from the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory. It was then tested with data from other well instrumented locations. Sensitivity tests were also conducted …

Application Of Operations Research Techniques For Allocation Of Water Resources In Utah, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

In this report a methodology is described for determining the optimal allocation of water supplies in the State of Utah to minimize the cost of meeting an assumed set of water requirements. A linear programming model was formulated to represent the ten interconnected hydrologic study areas of the state. The comprehensive model considers virtually all uses, areas, sources, transfers and costs of water. The model has 204 constraints and 3378 variables and was solved by the simplex method. Included in the results are the following: the optimal water allocation or the groundwater, surface water, and water transfers which minimize the …

Development Of A Procedure For Determining Spacial And Time Variations Of Precipitation In Venezuela, Luis E. Ramirez

Reports

An analysis of the influence of the length of the record in the reliability of mean values of precipitation was made for the Caracus-Cagigal Station in Venezuela. Ten series of values were obtained for 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35-year periods, extracted for sliding intervals for the overall record of 75 years. The reliability of mean values computer from Figure 3 was quite low for 10, 15, and 20- year periods. The long term record means had higher reliability, increasing with the number of years in the records, but the differences are not important in terms of accuracy. Precipitation …

The Virginia Flood Of 1969 : The Effects Of Hurricane Camille In The James River Basin Of Virginia, Donovan Kelly

Reports

No abstract provided.

Study Of Channel Sediments, James River & Hampton Roads Area, R. J. Huggett

Reports

Bottom sediment samples were collected from 3 locations transecting the channel in the lower James and Elizabeth rivers.

Chesapeake Bay Bibliography - Volume I The James River, Susan O. Barrick, May B. Daw, Pamela S. Tennyson, Frank J. Wojcik, John J. Norcross, William J. Hargis Jr.

Reports

The Chesapeake Bay Bibliography was initiated by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science in response to growing resource management problems of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. With these problems came the realization that planning and management of such a great natural resource is an overwhelming task requiring the best available information. This bibliography, therefore, was undertaken to document existing sources of information, to help identify research and data gathering needs, and to develop a comprehensive research and information services programs for individuals interested in research on, and management of the natural resources of the Chesapeake Bay region.

The James …

Polychlorinated Biphenyls In The Elizabeth River : Final Report, Robert J. Huggett

Reports

For the past eight years, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science has been a participant of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program. Within the framework of this program, oyster samples have been collected from areas throughout the Chesapeake Bay.and analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. The data from the last three years show that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are being concentrated by the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The highest concentrations found were always from one station, Hospital Point, in the Elizabeth River. Samples from this station, collected during the spring of 1971, contained residues of the PCB, Aroclor(R) 1254 of 2.8 ppm. For …

Hydroids And Hydromedusae Of Southern Chesapeake Bay, Dale Calder

Reports

A survey was made in southern Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries from April 1965 through March 1968 to determine the species of hydrozoans present, their seasonality and reproductive periodicities. This report discusses 43 hydroid and 27 medusa species known from the study area, of which 23 hydroids and 11 medusae have not previously been found in Chesapeake Bay. Clytia paulensis and the hydroid of Moerisia lyonsi have not been reported before in North American waters, and the hydroid of Amphinema dinema is recorded for the first time from the western Atlantic. The present records extend the northern range of one …