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Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Journal

2017

Articles 1 - 17 of 17

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Effects Of Joule Heating On Electric-Driven Microfluidic Flow, Alexander P. Spitzer Nov 2017

The Effects Of Joule Heating On Electric-Driven Microfluidic Flow, Alexander P. Spitzer

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

This study sought out to more clearly understand the relationship between Joule heating and fluid flow in microfluidic environments, and more specifically, under what circumstances would the fluid flow in the device possibly hinder an experiment being run on it. It had been previous theorised that an electric field may produce turbulence and even vortices within the fluid, which this study attempted to reproduce. Several variables were tested, namely insulating and conducting fluids, higher and lower AC voltages, Newtonian vs. non-Newtonian fluids, and higher and lower DC voltages. A correlation between these variables and turbulent flow was found, with more …

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The Effects Of Tension, Curvature, And Lipid Diffusion On The Enrichment Of Ras Proteins In Model Membranes, Nina Daneshvar Nov 2017

The Effects Of Tension, Curvature, And Lipid Diffusion On The Enrichment Of Ras Proteins In Model Membranes, Nina Daneshvar

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

An intriguing aspect of the cell membrane that provokes study is lipid-anchor enrichment of lipidated proteins on the cell membrane. Specifically, recent in vitro studies involving the enrichment of Ras proteins were done to see how enrichment was affected by changes in membrane curvature. These studies demonstrated the Ras protein’s inclination to the expanded, or outer, leaflet of highly curved membranes. Other research done in vivo, however, provoked further inquiry into Ras protein behavior, since when highly curved protrusions were created in living cells, Ras proteins showed affinity for the inner leaflet. This inspired research to determine the exact mechanism …

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The Effect Of Different Heavy Metal Acetate Solutions On The Inhibition Of Catalase Enzyme, Athreya Murali, Sonali Patel Nov 2017

The Effect Of Different Heavy Metal Acetate Solutions On The Inhibition Of Catalase Enzyme, Athreya Murali, Sonali Patel

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of different aqueous solutions of ionic compounds on the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase. The hypothesis states that zinc and cadmium acetate solutions will significantly inhibit catalase and its ability to produce oxygen. In the experiment, there were five trials performed with the lead acetate, zinc acetate, acetic acid, cadmium acetate, and distilled water (the last being the control group). In order to calculate the results, the ANOVA single factor test was used, comparing each solution to water. From results of the ANOVA test, it was found that …

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The Effect Of Temperature On Zinc Leaching From Rubber Tire Mulch, Elizabeth Dillon Nov 2017

The Effect Of Temperature On Zinc Leaching From Rubber Tire Mulch, Elizabeth Dillon

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Scrap tires are being recycled into many products in order to bypass slow degradation in landfills. Recycled rubber tire mulch contains zinc oxide used in tire formation that can be released through the creation of leachates. This study examines the relationship between temperature environment and leachate zinc concentration. After observing rubber mulch surface temperatures in conjunction with other factors, it was hypothesized that higher temperatures would lead to increased zinc release by rubber mulch and higher leachate zinc concentrations. Leachates were created by mixing 10 grams of mulch and 200 mL distilled water and placing in 5ºC, 29ºC, and 71ºC …

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Investigating The Toxicity And Accumulation Of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) And Glyphosate In Eisenia Fetida, Caitlin Lazurick, Nicole Lidzbarski, Rachel Owings, Jeff Brotherton, Edna Steele Nov 2017

Investigating The Toxicity And Accumulation Of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) And Glyphosate In Eisenia Fetida, Caitlin Lazurick, Nicole Lidzbarski, Rachel Owings, Jeff Brotherton, Edna Steele

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Glyphosate, the main ingredient in Roundup®, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It is also used in combination with another effective herbicide, 2,4-D, in the formulation called Enlist Duo®. The EPA approved the use of Enlist Duo® on certain crops including those genetically modified to be resistant to both herbicides. The predicted significant increase in the use of these herbicides raised concerns from the general public because both compounds have been classified as possibly or probably carcinogenic. Since herbicides are applied directly to vegetation, the safety of organisms that come in contact …

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Investigation Of Iron Oxide Nanocolloidal Suspension Diffusion Using A Direct Imaging Method, Ashley E. Rice, Ana Oprisan Nov 2017

Investigation Of Iron Oxide Nanocolloidal Suspension Diffusion Using A Direct Imaging Method, Ashley E. Rice, Ana Oprisan

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

We performed a set of experiments using a direct imaging method to investigate the diffusion process of iron oxide, Fe2O3, nanoparticles. We studied concentration fluctuations that move against the concentration gradient and induce disturbances in the interface between the iron oxide suspension and water in the sample cell. Using this imaging method in combination with the differential dynamic algorithm for image processing, we are able to extract information about the power, size, and lifetime of the fluctuations. We performed this experiment both in the presence and in the absence of a 4.2 mT magnetic field. We …

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Table Of Contents Nov 2017

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Sports Related Head Impact On Balance And Neurocognitive Functions, Shaquanda D. Ross-Simmons, Michelle L. Vieyra, Abhishek Jain, Keri Weed Nov 2017

The Effects Of Sports Related Head Impact On Balance And Neurocognitive Functions, Shaquanda D. Ross-Simmons, Michelle L. Vieyra, Abhishek Jain, Keri Weed

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sports-related head injury on balance, attention, and memory. Reliable differences have been found using measures that directly tap into brain functioning, such as the auditory oddball task combined with EEG recording. We hypothesized that athletes reporting a diagnosed concussion or participation in high-risk sports would have compromised balance and neurocognitive functioning compared to athletes in low risk sports. Forty-five undergraduate participants were identified as either concussed, non-concussed in high-risk sports, or non-concussed in low-risk sports using a survey of athletic history, head trauma and demographics. The Biopac MP36 system, …

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Progress Toward Phidianidine Analogues Containing A 1,2,3-Triazole Ring, David Laws Iii, Dillon King, Bryan H. Wakefield Nov 2017

Progress Toward Phidianidine Analogues Containing A 1,2,3-Triazole Ring, David Laws Iii, Dillon King, Bryan H. Wakefield

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Phidianidines are a class of compound that has been extracted from the sea mollusk Phidianis militaris. These compounds have been shown to exhibit a variety of useful properties such as antihistamine effects, anti-cancer activity, agonism of the µ-opioid receptor and neuroprotection. The biological activities are thought to be caused by the 1,2,4- oxadiazole ring found within the molecule. The goal of this project is to synthesize analogues of phidianidine that contain a 1,2,3-triazole instead of the 1,2,4 oxadiazole ring using a method that will allow for other regions of the molecule to be changed. This will help to elucidate …

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The Synthesis And Characterization Of Corannulene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks, Marygrace H. Rainsford Nov 2017

The Synthesis And Characterization Of Corannulene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks, Marygrace H. Rainsford

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Due to the great demands within the energy community, the need to develop materials that can significantly alter the vitality of different substances is one of the top priorities of researchers. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized to potentially be used as these advances. The objective of this project is to specifically alter the synthetic route of corannulene-based MOFs to create a new anode for a Li-ion battery used in hybrid cars. Due to the crystalline materials porosity and high surface area, the rate performance of this battery can effectively be improved. To do this, a three …

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Searching For Signals Of Dark Matter Decay, Gardner R. Marshall, William Hester Jun 2017

Searching For Signals Of Dark Matter Decay, Gardner R. Marshall, William Hester

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Dark matter is believed to make up approximately eighty-three percent of the matter in the universe. Despite its apparent abundance, it has not yet been directly detected, and it is not known what types of particles it is composed of. Efforts to understand what dark matter is made of and how it fits into the Standard Model of particle physics is currently an important and active area of research. In this paper we investigate a method of studying dark matter indirectly by using terrestrial neutrino telescopes to search for signs of dark matter decay. In particular, we study leptonically decaying …

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Table Of Contents Apr 2017

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Where Do New Materials Come From? Neither The Stork Nor The Birds And The Bees! In Search Of The Next “First Material”, Gregory Morrison, Dileka Abeysinghe, Justin B. Felder, Shani Egodawatte, Timothy Ferreira, Hans Conrad Zur Loye Apr 2017

Where Do New Materials Come From? Neither The Stork Nor The Birds And The Bees! In Search Of The Next “First Material”, Gregory Morrison, Dileka Abeysinghe, Justin B. Felder, Shani Egodawatte, Timothy Ferreira, Hans Conrad Zur Loye

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Materials discovery and optimization has driven the rapid technological advancements that have been observed in our lifetimes. For this advancement to continue, solid-state chemists must continue to develop new materials. Where do these new materials come from? In this review, we discuss the approaches used by the zur Loye group to discover the next “First Material”, a new material exhibiting a desired or not previously observed property that can be optimized for use in the technologies of tomorrow. Specifically, we discuss several crystal growth techniques that we have used with great success to synthesize new materials: the flux growth method, …

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Using Polymerization, Glass Structure, And Quasicrystalline Theory To Produce High Level Radioactive Borosilicate Glass Remotely: A 20+ Year Legacy, Carol M. Jantzen Apr 2017

Using Polymerization, Glass Structure, And Quasicrystalline Theory To Produce High Level Radioactive Borosilicate Glass Remotely: A 20+ Year Legacy, Carol M. Jantzen

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Vitrification is currently the most widely used technology for the treatment of high level radioactive wastes (HLW) throughout the world. Most of the nations that have generated HLW are immobilizing in borosilicate glass. One of the primary reasons that glass has become the most widely used immobilization media is the relative simplicity of the vitrification process, e.g. melt a highly variable waste with some glass forming additives such as SiO2 and B2O3 in the form of a premelted frit and pour the molten mixture into a stainless steel canister. Seal the canister before moisture can enter …

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Antitumor Activity Of Selected Derivatives Of Pyrazole- Benzenesulfonamides From Dilithiated C(Α), N-Phenylhydrazones And Lithiated Methyl 2-(Aminosulfonyl)Benzoate, N. Dwight Camper [Deceased], James M. Gum, Darby E. Lyles, William T. Pennington, Charles F. Beam, Clyde R. Metz Apr 2017

Antitumor Activity Of Selected Derivatives Of Pyrazole- Benzenesulfonamides From Dilithiated C(Α), N-Phenylhydrazones And Lithiated Methyl 2-(Aminosulfonyl)Benzoate, N. Dwight Camper [Deceased], James M. Gum, Darby E. Lyles, William T. Pennington, Charles F. Beam, Clyde R. Metz

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Several pyrazole-benzenesulfonamides were subjected to biological evaluation involving tumor formation on potato discs caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This assay led to some excellent and promising initial results with three of the pyrazole compounds showing increased tumor inhibition when compared to a recognized standard, camptothecin. The select pyrazole-benzenesulfonamides were prepared by condensation-cyclization of several dilithiated C(α),N-phenylhydrazones with lithiated methyl 2-aminosulfonyl-benzoate.

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Differential Response Of Coral Symbiotic Dinoflagellates To Bacterial Toxins That Produce Bleaching In Stony Corals, Diego L. Gil-Agudelo, Yael Ban-Haim, Eugene Rosenberg, Garriet W. Smith Apr 2017

Differential Response Of Coral Symbiotic Dinoflagellates To Bacterial Toxins That Produce Bleaching In Stony Corals, Diego L. Gil-Agudelo, Yael Ban-Haim, Eugene Rosenberg, Garriet W. Smith

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Bleaching of corals and other organisms with symbiotic zooxanthellae is a worldwide phenomenon with increasing importance due to global warming scenarios. Bleaching has been historically related to changes in the environment, especially water temperature increase, that stress corals and provoke the release of zooxanthellae. The discovery of Vibrio shilonii, a bacterium causing bleaching under thermal stress in corals of the Mediterranean Sea has changed our thinking about the cause (or explanation) for bleaching of corals worldwide. During this study, we evaluated the effect of a proline rich toxin, extracted from Vibrio shilonii, on zooxanthellae obtained from: Oculina patagonica from the …

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Emerging Antimicrobial Research Against Superbugs: Perspectives From A Polymer Laboratory, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Md Anisur Rahman, Chuanbing Tang Apr 2017

Emerging Antimicrobial Research Against Superbugs: Perspectives From A Polymer Laboratory, Mitra S. Ganewatta, Md Anisur Rahman, Chuanbing Tang

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microorganisms have become a major contributor for human morbidity and mortality. To overcome such threats, we have developed various antimicrobial agents using natural product derivatives and metallopolymers. Abundant biomass such as resin acids can be utilized to prepare cationic polymers for inhibiting a variety of bacteria. These polymers have been used in solution as well as surfaces as antimicrobial materials with low cytotoxicity. In addition, a class of charged metallopolymers have been developed to kill superbugs such as MRSA.

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