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Georgia Journal of Science

Journal

2017

Articles 1 - 30 of 37

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Effects Of A Prescribed Burn On The Adult Butterfly Assemblage Of A Coastal Grassland, J. Nicole Desha, Joseph Colbert, Kimberly M. Andrews, Scott Coleman, C. Tate Holbrook Sep 2017

Effects Of A Prescribed Burn On The Adult Butterfly Assemblage Of A Coastal Grassland, J. Nicole Desha, Joseph Colbert, Kimberly M. Andrews, Scott Coleman, C. Tate Holbrook

Georgia Journal of Science

Coastal grasslands are globally threatened by development and natural succession. In the southeastern United States, these increasingly rare ecosystems are being managed using prescribed fire, but ecological responses to fire management are largely unknown, particularly among nontargeted species. We tested for short-term effects of controlled burning on the abundance and species richness of adult butterflies, which utilize coastal grasslands for nectaring resources and as migratory stopover sites. In February 2015, four plots of coastal grassland on Little St. Simons Island, GA were burned and paired with unburned (control) plots of equal size. Throughout the following summer-fall flight season, we conducted …

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Photoelectric Magnitude Measurements Of The Lunar Eclipses On May 16, 2003 And Oct. 28, 2004, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jul 2017

Photoelectric Magnitude Measurements Of The Lunar Eclipses On May 16, 2003 And Oct. 28, 2004, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

The Moon's brightness dropped by 10.73 ± 0.07 and 10.61 ± 0.15 magnitudes during the total lunar eclipses on May 16, 2003 and Oct. 28, 2004 respectively. These magnitude drops are close to the corresponding value for the Jan., 2000 total lunar eclipse and indi­cate that not much change in the transparency of the atmosphere has occurred in the last 4 years.

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31p Nmr Study Of Gtp-Cation Interactions, Zhiyan Song, Destiny L. Allen, Olarongbe Olubajo, Chellu S. Chetty Jul 2017

31p Nmr Study Of Gtp-Cation Interactions, Zhiyan Song, Destiny L. Allen, Olarongbe Olubajo, Chellu S. Chetty

Georgia Journal of Science

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) plays a pivotal role in many biologi­cal processes. The interactions of cations with GTP are essential to the stabilization of this nucleotide and the regulation of its functions. In this study, we present solution 31P NMR data on GTP samples in varied salt concentrations or pHs. From chemical shifts and T1 , T2 relaxations, it is concluded that the interaction strengths of cations with GTP are in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Li+ > Na+ for the cations, and in the order of beta > gamma > alpha for the phosphate groups. An …

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The Influence Of Long-Term Anthropogenically-Induced Compaction On Select Properties Of Soils In The Midwestern United States, Eric C. Brevik Jul 2017

The Influence Of Long-Term Anthropogenically-Induced Compaction On Select Properties Of Soils In The Midwestern United States, Eric C. Brevik

Georgia Journal of Science

Soil compaction by heavy equipment has become one of the most important problems in modern large-scale plant production, but one area that has not received much attention is the effect of soil compaction on prairie soils over time periods in excess of about 10 years. This study addresses this issue by comparing properties in compacted to noncompacted soils in an abandoned farmyard and along a preserved stretch of the Mormon Trail. Properties compared include soil morphology, bulk density, carbon, C/N ratio, and ap­parent electrical conductivity (ECa). Bulk density, organic carbon, and ECa values were consistently different in …

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Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2004-2005, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jul 2017

Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2004-2005, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

The writer made 60 photometric measurements of Saturn + rings between Nov. 5, 2004 and Jan. 21, 2005. The normalized magnitudes of Saturn for a ring tilt angle of 22° are B(1,0) = -8.55 ± 0.01, V(1,0) = -9.60 ± 0.01, B(1,0) = -10.27 ± 0.01, and I(1,0) = -10. 4 7 ± 0.01; the corresponding solar phase angle coefficients are cB = 0.027 ± 0.006, cV = 0.021 ± 0.005, cB = 0.020 ± 0.005, and cB = 0.022 ± 0.005. The 2005 opposition surge values (in magnitudes at a = 0°) are B = …

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Constructing Globular, Sheeted, And Helical Polyalanine Structures Using Nanotubes As Templates For Computational Studies, Caley Allen, Travis Bailey, Opie Bowen, Virginia Bryant, Nickolas Kitchens, Jason Lackey, Inez Mills, Om Patel, Nicholas Richardson, Shanda Sermons, Thomas Shaw, Calandra Stafford, Tiffany Stoney, Chad Ward, Samuel Zipperer, Thomas J. Manning Jul 2017

Constructing Globular, Sheeted, And Helical Polyalanine Structures Using Nanotubes As Templates For Computational Studies, Caley Allen, Travis Bailey, Opie Bowen, Virginia Bryant, Nickolas Kitchens, Jason Lackey, Inez Mills, Om Patel, Nicholas Richardson, Shanda Sermons, Thomas Shaw, Calandra Stafford, Tiffany Stoney, Chad Ward, Samuel Zipperer, Thomas J. Manning

Georgia Journal of Science

In this experiment polyalanine was folded into globular, sheeted, and helical structures through the use of carbon nanotubes. The rigidity of the nanotubes allowed for molding the polyalanine into the various structures. Nanotubes of different diameters and volumes were used in this experiment. Once the three dimensional peptide structures were formed and detached from the carbon nanotubes, a number of thermodynamic calculations were performed. Computational meth­ods were used to calculate parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and molecular volume. By attaining the measure­ments of the phi and psi angles, Ramachandran plots were constructed using linear, globular, sheeted, and …

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Wideband Photometric Magnitude Measurements Of Saturn Made During The 2005-06 Apparition, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jul 2017

Wideband Photometric Magnitude Measurements Of Saturn Made During The 2005-06 Apparition, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

The writer made 37 brightness measurements of Saturn + rings between Nov. 3, 2005 and March 16, 2006 using the B (blue), V (green), R (red), and I (infrared) filters. The selected normalized magnitudes of Saturn at a ring tilt angle of 18° are: B(1,0) = - 8.43 ± 0.03, V(1,0) = -9.48 ± 0.02, R(1,0) = -10.16 ± 0.04, and 1(1,0) = -10.28 ± 0.02. The selected phase angle coefficients of Saturn, in magnitudes/degree, are: cB = 0.022 ± 0.014, cV = 0.021 ± 0.008, cR = 0.027 ± 0.015, and cI = 0.018 ± …

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Using Well-Known Probability Density Functions To Evaluate Certain Integrals In Calculus, Stacy Pitman, Andreas Lazari Jul 2017

Using Well-Known Probability Density Functions To Evaluate Certain Integrals In Calculus, Stacy Pitman, Andreas Lazari

Georgia Journal of Science

A major source of anxiety for engineering and science majors who must take calculus is the topic of integration. The techniques of integration necessary for solving practical problems in the sciences are lengthy and complex. In this paper, we are introducing a method that minimizes the algebra as well as the number of computations for certain types of integrals. It is important to note that we are not suggesting that the conventional methods for teaching techniques of integration be replaced with the innovation we are proposing. Rather, the new approach we suggest is to be presented only after the traditional …

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Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2006-2007, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jul 2017

Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2006-2007, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

The writer carried out brightness measurements of Saturn and its rings with four different color filters. The selected normalized mag­nitudes of Saturn + rings for a ring tilt angle of 14° are B(1,0) = -8.25 ± 0.03, V(1,0) = -9.36 ± 0.03, R(1,0) = -10.01 ± 0.04 and 1(1,0) -10.16 ± 0.04. The opposition surge values for Saturn+ rings on Feb. 11, 2007 (solar phase angle = 0.15°) were 0.19 and 0.06 magnitudes for the Band V filters respectively. The writer concludes that the B-V and V-R color indexes of Saturn+ rings do not change much when the solar phase …

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The Fascinating Mathematical Beauty Of Triangular Numbers Jun 2017

The Fascinating Mathematical Beauty Of Triangular Numbers

Georgia Journal of Science

The abstract is available under additional files below.

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Comparison Of Crystal Structures Of The Tetramethylammonium And Sodium Salts Of 3-Nitrophenolate, Stephanie E. Bettis, Michael W. Mathias, Kenneth L. Martin Jun 2017

Comparison Of Crystal Structures Of The Tetramethylammonium And Sodium Salts Of 3-Nitrophenolate, Stephanie E. Bettis, Michael W. Mathias, Kenneth L. Martin

Georgia Journal of Science

The addition of either sodium hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide to 3-nitrophenol led to orange-red crystals of sodium 3-nitrophenolate dihydrate or a complex of 3-nitrophenol and tetramethylammonium 3-nitrophenolate. For the sodium salt, 11707 Mo-Kα reflections were measured at 150 K via Bruker SMART 1-K CCD diffractometer. For the tetramethylammonium salt, 12664 Mo-Kα reflections were measured at 173 K via Bruker SMART 2-K CCD diffractometer. The unit cell of the sodium salt has: a = 6.814(1) Å, b = 6.5437(8) Å, c = 18.206(4) Å, β = 94.46(3)°, V = 809.4(3) Å3, space group = P21/n. The unit …

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Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2007-2008, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jun 2017

Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2007-2008, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

The writer made 45 brightness measurements of Saturn + rings between Nov. 28, 2007 and April 24, 2008. The selected B(1,0), V(1,0), R(1,0) and I(1,0) values for Saturn + rings for b = 7° are: -8.10 ± 0.01, -9.14 ± 0.01, -9.77 ± 0.01 and -9.87 ± 0.02 respectively. The selected solar phase angle coefficients (in magnitudes/degree) are: 0.041 ± 0.006, 0.034 ± 0.005, 0.022 ± 0.007 and 0.027 ± 0.007 respectively. It is concluded that the angle between the ring plane and the Sun (B') has as much affect on the results as the angle between the ring plane …

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The Mathematical Magic Of Perfect Numbers Jun 2017

The Mathematical Magic Of Perfect Numbers

Georgia Journal of Science

Mathematicians have been fascinated for centuries by the properties and patterns of numbers [2]. They have noticed that some numbers are equal to the sum of all of their factors (not including the number itself). Such numbers are called perfect numbers. Thus a positive integer is called a perfect number if it is equal to the sum of its proper positive divisors. The search for perfect numbers began in ancient times. The four perfect numbers 6, 28, 496, and 8128 seem to have been known from ancient times [2]. In this paper, we will investigate some important properties of perfect …

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Properties Enjoyed By The Highest Digit In A Base Other Than The Base 10, Sudhir Goel, Kathy Simons Jun 2017

Properties Enjoyed By The Highest Digit In A Base Other Than The Base 10, Sudhir Goel, Kathy Simons

Georgia Journal of Science

The number nine in base ten enjoys some nice arithmetic properties. In this paper, we show that these properties are not intrinsic to the number nine; in fact, they are true for the largest digit in any base b. Four properties involving the final sums of all the digits of a number in a non-decimal base are explored and proofs of these properties are given in the appendix.

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Principle Components For Diagnosing Dispersion In Multivariate Statistical Process Control, Terrance E. Murphy, Mary Mcshane-Vaughn, Kwok Leung-Tsui Jun 2017

Principle Components For Diagnosing Dispersion In Multivariate Statistical Process Control, Terrance E. Murphy, Mary Mcshane-Vaughn, Kwok Leung-Tsui

Georgia Journal of Science

We provide an easily implemented procedure to help data analysts systematically diagnose which quality characteristics may be driving the dispersion of a multivariate process out of control. Multivariate statistical process control commonly uses Hotelling's T2 statistic to indicate when a multivariate observation goes out-of-control. Several techniques currently exist that accurately diagnose which specific variables are driving the T2 statistic out-of-control. For subgroups of independently and identically distributed multivariate normal observations, we advocate decomposing the overall T2 into independent T2 statistics for separate monitoring of location and dispersion. We propose a procedure based on principle components to …

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Electrostatics And Dimensions Of Space, Arjun Tan, Matthew E. Edwards Jun 2017

Electrostatics And Dimensions Of Space, Arjun Tan, Matthew E. Edwards

Georgia Journal of Science

The principles of electrostatics are applied to dimensions both lower and higher than 3. Specifically, Laplace’s equations are solved in n dimensions subject to hyper-spherical symmetry in order to obtain the electric potential and hence the electric field. The physical problems associated with these solutions in 3-dimensional space are identified. The radial dependences of the potential and electric field are scrutinized. The successively lower radial dependences of the multipole fields are obtained by differentiating those of the multi-poles of the immediately lower order. The same results are also obtained by considering the hyper-surfaces of hyper-spheres in n dimensions. This study …

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Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2008-2009, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jun 2017

Wideband Photometry Of Saturn In 2008-2009, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

A total of 52 brightness measurements of Saturn were made during its 2008-2009 apparition. (An apparition is the time interval between when the planet is in conjunction with the Sun to the next time that it is conjunction with the Sun.) The selected normalized magnitudes of Saturn for b = 3.0° are B(1,0) = -7.87 ± 0.02, V(1,0) = - 9.00 ± 0.01, R(1,0) = -9.62 ± 0.01 and I(1,0) = -9.63 ± 0.01. (I have defined b as the square root of the absolute value of the product of the Saturnicentric latitude of the Earth and of the Sun; …

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A Real Time Optical Biosensor Assay For Amoxicillin And Other Β-Lactams In Water Samples, Israel M. Scott, Lewis J. Kraft, Jonathan D. Parker, Kathryn Daniel, Sarah Kustik, Diana Kennen, Jonathan Mcmurry Jun 2017

A Real Time Optical Biosensor Assay For Amoxicillin And Other Β-Lactams In Water Samples, Israel M. Scott, Lewis J. Kraft, Jonathan D. Parker, Kathryn Daniel, Sarah Kustik, Diana Kennen, Jonathan Mcmurry

Georgia Journal of Science

Antibiotic contamination of drinking water and sewage is a matter of environmental and public health concern. Traditionally, ELISA or HPLC methods have been used to detect and measure antibiotic contamination. By applying an optical biosensing method, biolayer inteferometry (BLI), we have developed a kinetic competition binding assay capable of quantitating less than 1ppm (~33 μM) amoxicillin. Similar to surface plasmon resonance, BLI senses changes that occur upon binding of one molecule to another near a surface to measure association and dissociation. Immobilized amoxicillin was used to screen for binding against an analyte solution of anti-amoxicillin equilibrated with amoxicillin-containing water samples, …

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Structure Of Porphyrin Tpps4 And Its Interaction With Metal Ions As Elucidated By 1h Nmr And Uv-Visible Spectra, Zhiyan Song, Adegboye Adeyemo, Jannie Baker, Shakeya Traylor, Marcia Lightfoot Jun 2017

Structure Of Porphyrin Tpps4 And Its Interaction With Metal Ions As Elucidated By 1h Nmr And Uv-Visible Spectra, Zhiyan Song, Adegboye Adeyemo, Jannie Baker, Shakeya Traylor, Marcia Lightfoot

Georgia Journal of Science

Porphyrins are a group of tetrapyrrole pigments. Physical and chemical properties of porphyrins are often related to their compositions and structures. We conducted 1H solution NMR and UV-visible spectral analysis to characterize the structural feature of a water-soluble, synthetic porphyrin i.e. tetrakis (p-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin, TPPS4, and its interaction with different metal ions in aqueous solutions. The results indicate that tetrapyrrole and tetraphenyl rings in TPPS4 molecule form a co-planar electron conjugation system; transition-metal ions show stronger binding capacity than alkali and alkali-earth metal ions; the relative stabilities of TPPS4-metal ion complexes can be well …

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The Importance Of Mathematical Wording By Math Instructors, Sudhir Goel, Denise Reid Jun 2017

The Importance Of Mathematical Wording By Math Instructors, Sudhir Goel, Denise Reid

Georgia Journal of Science

At times we the math instructors in a classroom are not careful enough to use proper Mathematical wording, e.g. sin2 + cos2 = 1 without any reference to the angle. Improper Mathematical wording can be confusing to a student at any level, especially at high school and/or at a college freshman or sophomore level. It may hinder the students’ progress in the present and the subsequent math courses.

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Connecting Algebra And Geometry For Extraneous Roots, Sudhir Goel, Iwan Elstak Jun 2017

Connecting Algebra And Geometry For Extraneous Roots, Sudhir Goel, Iwan Elstak

Georgia Journal of Science

Extraneous roots are an unsolved mystery for our freshmen level college math students. The students are often confused and wonder what extraneous roots are and how do they suddenly appear while solving an algebraic equation. In this paper we clarify the idea of extraneous roots and connect the algebra and geometry behind extraneous roots.

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Been There Done That Can We Connect?, Sudhir Goel, Patricia Bezona Jun 2017

Been There Done That Can We Connect?, Sudhir Goel, Patricia Bezona

Georgia Journal of Science

A standard topic in a College Algebra course is to find the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment connecting two points. In the early twentieth century [1] and [2], in a few texts, this idea was extended to find the coordinates of a point that divides a line segment in any given ratio. In this paper, we present a neat application of this extended idea, and further use it to find the co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle with vertices A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and …

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Review Of "Roadside Geology Of Georgia" By Pamela J.W. Gore & William Witherspoon, Michael Roden Jun 2017

Review Of "Roadside Geology Of Georgia" By Pamela J.W. Gore & William Witherspoon, Michael Roden

Georgia Journal of Science

Pamela Gore (Professor of Geology at Georgia Perimeter College) and Bill Witherspoon (Fernbank Science Center Faculty) take the reader on a tour of geological sights in Georgia viewed from the numerous highways crossing the state. This book joins a series of Roadside Guides published by Mountain Press and is one of the best of the series. The book opens with an explanation of geologic time and plate tectonics. Amply illustrated, the book includes large-scale geologic maps as well as color images of various geological features. In the introduction the authors explain that Georgia is divided into several geographic divisions, Sea …

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Leslie Matrices And Women Population In The United States Of America, Brittney Nelson, Denise T. Reid, Antonija Tangar, Jose A. Velez-Marulanda Jun 2017

Leslie Matrices And Women Population In The United States Of America, Brittney Nelson, Denise T. Reid, Antonija Tangar, Jose A. Velez-Marulanda

Georgia Journal of Science

This research tests the accuracy of the Leslie matrix, which is a discrete age-structured method that uses fertility and survival rates, as a tool for predicting women population. Based on available data for the year 2000, we have constructed a Leslie matrix that predicts female population in the United States for every five years from the years 2000 to 2020. To test the accuracy of this method, we compare the aforementioned obtained projected data for the year 2010 with the actual data for women population in the United States obtained by the 2010 U.S. Census.

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The Nucleon-Core Interaction: A Nuclear Physics Simulation Suitable For Classroom Use, Benjamin E. Hogan, Javier E. Hasbun Jun 2017

The Nucleon-Core Interaction: A Nuclear Physics Simulation Suitable For Classroom Use, Benjamin E. Hogan, Javier E. Hasbun

Georgia Journal of Science

The orbits of a nucleon and its respective parent nucleus about their common center of mass are simulated in an effort to provide a pedagogical approach to the understanding of the structure of atomic nuclei. The nuclear exercise is treated by solving the problem with an effective force on the system’s reduced mass. The potential governing the mean field is modeled by the Woods-Saxon form-factor with parameters that enable it to describe experimental findings. The Woods-Saxon potential is preferred over the infinite well and harmonic oscillator methods because both require infinite separation energies of the nucleons. The simulation is created …

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Full-Disk Wideband Photometry Of The Moon: R And I Filter Measurements, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jun 2017

Full-Disk Wideband Photometry Of The Moon: R And I Filter Measurements, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

A total of 42 full-disk brightness measurements of our Moon are reported. These measurements include the entire lunar disk including the Earthlit portion. All measurements were made on the Johnson R (red) and I (infrared) system and were fitted to cubic equations. The results are summarized in this report. The selected normalized magnitudes of the Moon are R(1,0) = -0.70 ± 0.10 and I(1,0) = -1.12 ± 0.06. The selected geometric albedo is 0.18 ± 0.01 for the Johnson R and I system.

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College Algebra - Large Section Versus Traditional Size, Andreas Lazari, Denise Reid Jun 2017

College Algebra - Large Section Versus Traditional Size, Andreas Lazari, Denise Reid

Georgia Journal of Science

The economic crisis facing our nation forced many companies and universities to downsize and learn to operate with smaller budgets. Valdosta State University (VSU) was not immune to this economic crisis. To deal with this crisis VSU started offering large sections of core area courses, including College Algebra (MATH 1111). It is clear from a financial point of view that large sections will benefit the university during this financial crisis. What was not clear was the impact to student learning and success in College Algebra. In the fall 2010 and fall 2011 terms, VSU offered the first large sections of …

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Some Recent Studies Of Mars: The North Polar Cap, Cecropia And Hellas, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jun 2017

Some Recent Studies Of Mars: The North Polar Cap, Cecropia And Hellas, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

This paper summarizes changes on Mars which occurred in 2014. Images recorded by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s MARCI camera (hereafter MRO) and those made from the Earth are examined. It is concluded a spiral-shaped cloud of water ice crystals developed and moved eastward at an average speed of 1.7 m/s, a temporary isolated bright patch in Cecropia developed and one or more dust storms developed at the NPC edge near 83° N, 320° W. Measurements of the boundary of a white area in Hellas are consistent with it not changing as the year, season or time of day progressed. This …

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Connecting Algebra And Geometry To Find Square And Higher Order Roots, Iwan R. Elstak, Sudhir Goel Jun 2017

Connecting Algebra And Geometry To Find Square And Higher Order Roots, Iwan R. Elstak, Sudhir Goel

Georgia Journal of Science

Unfortunately, the repeat rate for all core curriculum courses including calculus-I and II, and also math education courses is too high. K-12 students are barely able to do estimation, an important part of Mathematics, whether it is adding fractions or finding roots, or for that matter, simple percent problems. In this paper we present geometric ways to reason about approximation of square roots and cube roots that are not accessible with simple routine techniques. We combine graphical methods, the use of a geometry software (sketch pad) and convergence of sequences to find higher order roots of positive real numbers and …

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The North Polar Cap Of Mars, Richard W. Schmude Jr. Jun 2017

The North Polar Cap Of Mars, Richard W. Schmude Jr.

Georgia Journal of Science

During late 2013 and early 2014, the Northern Hemisphere of Mars faced Earth. This provided a prime opportunity for studying its North Polar Cap (NPC). The writer measured the cap size during the intervals 30° < Ls < 70° and 82° < Ls < 134°. (The areocentric longitude of the Sun from Mars is designated as Ls and it determines the seasons on that planet; essentially, the beginning of the northern spring, summer, fall and winter are at Ls = 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°). NPC latitude measurements were made with the software package WinJupos. The mean latitudes were measured for 23 four-degree intervals of Ls. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests at the 90% confidence level are consistent with there being no statistical difference between the NPC in 2000 and both 2013 and 2011-2012 for 30° < Ls < 70°. Based on this same test there is a statistical difference for the NPC in 2002 and 2009-2010 compared to 2000. Therefore, it is concluded that the NPC may show interannual differences. Essentially, the NPC stopped shrinking at Ls = 82°. …

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