Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Bedrock Anisotropy At Sycamore Farms: An Investigation Using Azimuthal Resistivity And Electromagnetic Induction, Cody M. Kessler

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Azimuthal resistivity surveys coupled with an electromagnetic survey were completed at Sycamore Farms with the goal of investigating bedrock fracturing at the site. Previous work on this subject matter was completed at the site using similar geophysical tools, however, this study utilizes a unique method of azimuthal resistivity and higher resolution electromagnetic data. 72 azimuthal surveys were completed, and the electromagnetic survey covered all fields in which azimuthal surveys were completed. The results from the two methods were compared to identify zones of bedrock fracturing. Although correlation between the two data sets was limited it was found that the electromagnetic …

Pre-Stack Seismic Inversion And Amplitude Variation With Offset (Avo) Attributes As Hydrocarbon Indicators In Carbonate Rocks: A Case Study From The Illinois Basin, Jacob T. Murchek

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Amplitude anomalies in pre-stack seismic data have widely been used in the oil and gas industry as a risk analysis tool when exploring for hydrocarbons. AVO analysis is most often applied to poorly consolidated Tertiary rocks due to the compressibility of these strata when natural gas and porosity are present. In contrast, well-lithified carbonate rocks are less prone to producing a pre-stack amplitude response due to the rigidity of their frame. Pre-stack seismic data of a 2-D seismic profile were conditioned and interpreted to identify amplitude variation with offset (AVO) attributes corresponding to the presence of hydrocarbons within the North …

Mapping Of Suspected Unmarked Burials As High Resistivity Anomalies At The Stevenson Cemetery Near Xenia, Ohio, Philip Alexander Marsh

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The purpose of this thesis was to further study geophysical anomalies discovered and mapped by Shank (2013) at the Stevenson Cemetery, Greene County, Ohio, with the goal of delineating any resistivity anomaly possibly associated with suspected, but unmarked, burial sites. The previous study delineated geophysical anomalies using electromagnetic (EM), magnetic, and ground penetrating radar surveys, which were interpreted to represent unmarked burial sites. A hand-drawn map from the 1950’s shows a pattern of gravesites across this area, and three aligned subtle depressions are present at the surface in the study area. The focus of this study was to expand the …

Investigating An Apparent Structural High In Seismic Data In North Terre Haute, Indiana, Through First-Arrival Traveltime Tomography And Gravity Analysis, Daniel Grant Koehl

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This study focuses on northern Terre Haute, Indiana, where seven 2D seismic reflection time sections were collected by CountryMark and donated to Wright State University. Geologically, the area is on the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin. Two of these seismic lines display significant relief along a continuous, high-amplitude horizon approximately 180 milliseconds in two-way traveltime depth. This horizon was previously interpreted by CountryMark to be a Silurian reef core of the type common in this region of the Illinois Basin; however, other seismic lines within the data set display no relief. Furthermore, borehole logs within the area show no …

Searching For The Unmarked Henry Kinsey Family Graves At The Va Hospital Grounds In Dayton, Ohio, Using Magnetic, Electromagnetic, And Radar Methods, Andrew William Bergman

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The Henry Kinsey family was among the first to settle in the Dayton, Ohio, region in the early 19th century. Henry, and his wife Eva, were buried near what is known as the deer keeper’s lodge, a small building where the deer keeper lived, on the modern-day Dayton Veterans Affairs hospital grounds. In the time since they have been buried, the location of their gravesites has been lost. The main purpose of this thesis is to locate and map their graves using multiple geophysical methods. A secondary purpose is to compare the effectiveness of each geophysical method. Three geophysical methods …

Pre-Mt. Simon Seismic Sequences Below West-Central Indiana: Local Interpretation And Regional Significance, Andrew Michael Parent

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Constraining the composition, structure, and origin of basement provinces, deep assemblages of Precambrian rocks, is largely dependent on deep boreholes and geophysical techniques. This is especially true for the eastern U.S. midcontinent. Here, I employ regional 2-D seismic reflection, Bouguer gravity, and aeromagnetic data to interpret the upper crust below west-central Indiana. Seismic reflection data were donated to Wright State University in 2015. Geopotential data are available through the USGS and affiliates. These geophysical data, together, are analyzed in a regional geologic context. Three distinct seismic stratigraphic sequences are observed on 2-D sections. The first, uppermost sequence, typified by continuous, …

Application Of Time-Frequency Analysis To Characterize Gas Shadows From The Clinton Interval In Ohio Seismic Reflection Data, Fangzhou Yan

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The Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution (SPWVD) is one method to simultaneously resolve time series in both time and frequency domains, allowing determination of frequency variation with time in non-stationary signals. Also, SPWVD reduces the cross-term interference. This analysis was applied to stacked, migrated seismic reflection data from Ohio to characterize gas shadows produced by known and potential gas reservoirs in the Clinton interval. In northeast Ohio, the Clinton interval is identified as occurring immediately beneath the Dayton Limestone, which is known as the driller’s Packer Shell in the subsurface. The analysis was first applied to a seismic reflection line acquired …

Seismic Reflection Profiling Near Middletown, Ohio And Interpretation Of Precambrian Deformational Settings, David Joseph Peterman

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The reprocessing of four vibroseis seismic reflection lines at the AK Steel facility in Middletown, Ohio, provides new insight on the age, deposition, and structural deformation of the pre-Mount Simon sedimentary sequence below Butler and Warren Counties. Processing was focused on the pre-Mt. Simon reflections to reveal gently west-southwest dipping reflectors that make a slight angular unconformity with the overlying Paleozoic sedimentary strata. This pre-Mount Simon sedimentary sequence has been encountered in several wells from western Ohio, Indiana, and northern Kentucky and has been identified as the Middle Run Formation. Examination of the weak and discontinuous seismic character of the …

Bedrock Mapping Using Shear Wave Velocity Characterization And H/V Analysis, James P. Gonsiewski

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An experiment was conducted to constrain the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) or H/V spectral ratio method at a glaciated site in northeast Ohio. Multiple methods were used to determine the shear wave velocity (Vs) and depth (h) to bedrock in relation to the fundamental resonant frequency (f_o) determined from 3-component seismic data, as defined by the relationship f₀=Vs/4h. The shear wave velocity structure was determined at three sites using MASW (Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves) and shear wave refraction methods, and the fundamental resonant frequency was passively observed using 3-component Guralp broadband seismometers. The …

Atmospheric Effects On Radar/Ladar Detection Of Seismic Activity, Michelle Frances Via

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This thesis investigates how well ground vibrations can be detected at ladar or radar wavelengths and how the atmosphere may impact the observation of such activity. First understanding atmospheric hindrances at each of these wavelengths is helpful to prioritize by those yielding best transmission results. A prerequisite to the outdoor field experiment performed for this study involves analyzing atmospheric effects characterization at six probable wavelengths using the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference tool (LEEDR) developed by the Air Force Institute of Technology's (AFIT) Center for Directed Energy (CDE). These wavelengths, selected from the shortwave infrared and microwave portions of …

Processing And Interpretation Of Illinois Basin Seismic Reflection Data, Katherine M. Gigandet

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An anonymous oil company released 2D dynamite reflection data from the Illinois basin to be reprocessed and interpreted by Wright State University. The aim of the project is to exhaustively apply different seismic processing methods to the data to determine if any improvement in the imaging and interpretation may be accomplished. The data interpretation procedure convolved extracted wavelets from the final migrated section with reflectivity calculated from well log data provided. Once major formation tops were identified attribute analysis was applied to locate potential oil volumes of interest.

The raw shot records from this impulse data are dominated by guided …

A Geophysical Investigation To Locate Missing Graves Utilizing Ground Penetrating Radar, Electromagnetic, And Magnetic Methods, Jared Wyatt Shank

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Old cemeteries often have graves that are unmarked because gravestones are missing or degraded and the graves are in areas for which maps or other historical documents are incomplete. This is the case for one cemetery in southwestern Ohio, known as Stevenson Cemetery, which contains graves of Revolutionary War and War of 1812 veterans. The immediate goal of this study is to locate unmarked graves in this cemetery using geophysical techniques. The broader goal is to evaluate three geophysical techniques to determine the effectiveness of each.

The three geophysical techniques evaluated in this study are magnetics, electro-magnetics, and ground-penetrating radar. …

Reservoir Characterization And Seismic Expression Of The Clinton Interval Over Dominion's Gabor Gas Storage Field In North-East Ohio, Scott Michael Bey

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In northeastern Ohio, an interval of interbedded sandstone and shale between the Queenston Shale and the Dayton Formation (both in the Silurian System) has long been referred to as the "Clinton interval". The Clinton interval has produced oil and gas for over a century, but has been converted locally to gas storage. Within the Clinton interval, reservoirs are commonly compartmentalized, in part because the sandstones are discontinuous but also because fractures enhance permeability in portions of otherwise continuous sandstones. The goal of this study is to characterize the Clinton interval within the Gabor gas storage field of Dominion East Ohio …

How The Growth Of The Frampton Fold Affected The Growth Of The Green Knoll Diapir, John A. Zinck

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The growth of structural features formed by the movement of the Louann Salt within the study area follows a fold-first model (Rowan et al., 2000), in which the formation of the Frampton Fold predates the formation of the Green Knoll Diapir. The Frampton Fold was formed during two growth episodes driven by movement of the Louann Salt within the study area. The folding and faulting resulting from these growth episodes created a conduit through which the autochthonous Louann Salt was extruded to the sea floor during the Pliocene. Following a depositional episode consisting of the early sequences of the Mississippi …

Geophysical Reconnaissance Of Karst Features Associated With Sinkholes On The Antioch University Campus In Yellow Springs, Ohio: Western Area, Brent Matthew Zerkel

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Antioch University is located in Yellow Springs, OH. This study was conducted on the Antioch University Campus in the commons area and is concentrated on the area west of the easternmost sinkhole. The primary purpose of this study is to locate and identify buried anomalous karst features, such as joints and collapses that may be hazardous to nearby buildings on the Antioch University Campus. The secondary purposes of this study are to identify remaining features in the geophysical data that may be related to manmade structures, and to identify areas for future studies. It is known that an 8-inch steel …