Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Hydrogeochemistry And Water Quality Of Echo Hills, Joel M. Kimball

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Ground water of the Echo Hills area in Clark County, Ohio was investigated for common water contaminants such as nitrate and coliform bacteria. Thirty-four water samples were collected from locations including private wells, streams and a spring. Nine of those samples were selected for nitrogen isotope analysis. Three locations were chosen for a tracer test. Additionally, well log data, historical water quality data, and GIS data were obtained from the Clark County Health Department in Springfield, Ohio. Results show that local agriculture likely has the greatest impact on ground water quality in Echo Hills especially the north-eastern portion, with local …

Percolation-Based Techniques For Upscaling The Hydraulic Conductivity Of Semi-Realistic Geological Media, Bilal Idriss

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I tested three schemes for "upscaling" the hydraulic conductivity (K) on aquifers with bimodal K distributions. This bimodality (e.g., sand and mud deposits) was intended to capture typical geological conditions. Results were tested with a numerical model. Upscaling techniques used were inspired by schemes interpolating between arithmetic and harmonic means, but are based on percolation theory: 1) Critical path analysis (CPA), 2) Percolation path analysis (PPA, or standard scaling), and a novel scaling approach. Models chosen were both spatially correlated and uncorrelated, with important differences in critical percolation probabilities, Pc. Volume fractions Ps and 1-Ps (with Ps = sand volume …

Preliminary Results From A Holocene Record From Crystal Lake, Southwestern Ohio, Rebecca Teed, Leigh Deuter, Ashley Kesler, Graham Parker, Melissa Sparks

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Geologic Mapping Of The Changgo Dome In Southern Tibet Using Aster Imagery, Andrew Paul Folfas

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Within the thick TSS, south of the Indus-Tsangpo Suture, a series of granitic intrusions and gneissic domes crop out along the NHA. These culminations are common features that are seen in orogenic belts; therefore, understanding the nature and development of these features is an integral part of this study and other collisional orogenic studies. Changgo Dome is a granitic dominated feature that is characterized by the presence of two spectrally similar Tertiary granites. This zone is nearly inaccessible for ground mapping, thus it is an ideal setting for the use of satellite imagery as a cartographic medium. In a previous …

Availability And Toxicity Of Nickel To Lotic Periphyton And Macroinvertebrates, Stephanie Marie Bessom

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There is a lack of information regarding the bioaccumulation and toxicity of nickel (Ni) to lotic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the source, uptake, and toxicity of Ni by periphyton and macroinvertebrates (Hyalella azteca and Daphnia magna) in simulated stream ecosystems that included sediment and water. Periphyton were exposed to two types of sediment, a low-organic sandy mixture and a high organic silt, treated with varying levels of Ni. After 96 h, Ni levels in overlying water and periphyton were related to those in sediments, although differences existed between sediment types. Tests with 64Ni added to …

Analysis And Interpretation Of 2d Seismic Data Over The Ancona Gas Storage Facility, Illinois, Using Petrel Visualization Software, Nilanjan Roy

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Intriguing features of the North American mid-continent are the widespread and prominent subhorizontal seismic reflectors that are thought to be associated with thick sequences of layered rocks beneath the Phanerozoic cover of the Illinois Basin. The present investigation was an effort to identify and interpret new structural features of the pre-Paleozoic crust at the Ancona Gas Storage field in north-central Illinois. A grid of existing seismic data was reprocessed using the technique of extended correlation.

The reprocessed data was then analyzed using Schlumberger's Petrel visualization software for seismic interpretation and reconstruction of the 2D and 3D crustal geometry. The reprocessing …

Investigating Nickel Flux And Toxicity In Clay Sediments With Batch And Stream Recirculating Flume Experiments, Christina Elizabeth Cloran

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Using batch and stream recirculating flume experiments to compare and contrast one clayey sediment (Warden Ditch) and two analytical grade clay minerals (montmorillonite and kaolinite), the dynamic interactions between two aquatic stressors (suspended solids and nickel) were explored. Aldrich humic acid was incorporated to demonstrate the mitigating effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on Ni toxicity. The flux of Ni between compartments (dissolved and sorbed) was quantified as a partition/distribution coefficient. The USEPA test organism Daphnia magna (neonates, < 24 h) was utilized to evaluate toxicity in dynamic non-renewal, short-term bioassays. Generally, toxicity showed a linear relationship with turbidity level. Conversely, sorption coefficients were experiment specific, making them difficult to predict and assess. Clay functioned as an adsorbent, scavenging Ni. Results support the hypotheses that solids and metals act as stressors in streams, DOC attenuates the toxicity of Ni, and Ni fluxes quickly between system compartments.

Geological Mapping Of Orhon, Tariat, And Egiin Dawaa, Central Mongolia, Through The Interpretation Of Remote Sensing Data, Tara Alexandra Stolz

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Multi-spectral satellite data from the Advanced Spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were used to make interpretations regarding the surface lithology and structure of the Tariat, Egiin Dawaa, and Orhon regions in Central Mongolia. These areas experienced widespread Cenozoic volcanism. This study mapped the locations and extents of the volcanic flows, located cinder cones and faults evident in the areas, and identified a possible exposure of the Mongolian granitic batholith in the Orhon area. ER Mapper, a geospatial imaging software, was used to generate and run algorithms. Image transforms and supervised classifications were used …

Degradation Of Chlorinated Ethenes In Mesocosms Simulating A Constructed Wetland, At Wpafb, Ohio, Dibyendu Mukherjee

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The main purpose of this research was to study the degradation of chlorinated ethenes in upwardflowing mesocosms, simulating a constructed wetland at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) in Dayton, Ohio. This research was intended to compare biogeochemical processes and PCE degradation occurring in the mesocosms and in the field site. This research also tries to look at the effects of vegetation and season on the degradation efficiency of the mesocosms. Twelve PVC column reactors were built within the greenhouse of Wright State University in September 2005 to simulate the hydraulic conditions of a constructed wetland at WPAFB. The columns …

Estimation Of Evapotranspiration Of Cottonwood Trees In The Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, Cibola, Arizona, Amity J. Jetton

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This study used sap flow measurements and satellite imagery to estimatewater use by cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Wats. ssp) trees in an irrigated restoration plot at Cibola National Wildlife Refuge on the Lower Colorado River. Several thousand hectares of irrigated plots of this type are planned to improve riparian habitat on the river, hence it is important to know how much water the trees require. In this study, the ET rates for 20 Freemont cottonwood trees, from an 8 ha plot, were monitored over a 30-day period. ET rates were estimated by measuring sap flow through branches of the trees. …

The Impact Of Nutrient Availability And Algal Community On Carbon Isotope Fractionaion In Crystal Lake, Clark County, Ohio, April R. Wisebaker

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Crystal Lakes are a group of four interconnected lakes, located in southwestern Clark County, Ohio. Several studies have looked at separate geochemical and isotopic information at this location. However, no one has thoroughly studied the relationship between the algal community, geochemistry, and carbon isotope fractionation within Crystal Lake. The fractionation of carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbonate is greatly affected by the process of photosynthesis; the amount of photosynthesis is affected by the amount of algae in the aquatic community; the amount of algae is affected by the available nutrients in system. Therefore, there should be a correlation between the …

Paleoenvironment And Lateral Extent Of An Exposed Carbonate Build-Up: Horry County, South Carolina, Lisa A. Raterink

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A carbonate build-up exposed in the Intracoastal Waterway in Horry County, South Carolina is estimated to be Pleistocene to Pliocene in age. The carbonate build-up discontinuously spans approximately 12 kilometers of the waterway. Prominent formations in the area consist of the Waccamaw and the Canepatch Formation. A distinct sand layer is present laterally between the build-up and the excavated waterway bank, which consists primarily of well preserved fossil molluscs and echinoderms.

Field observations show that the carbonate build-up is bluish-gray in color and composed of shell fragments, predominantly mollusc, in a mud matrix. Thin sections analyzed, using a petrographic microscope, …