Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Investigations Of Offshore Beach Sands : Virginia Beach And Sandbridge, Virginia, C. S. Hardaway, C. H. Hobbs Iii, D. A. Milligan

Reports

The City of Virginia Beach is faced with an ongoing problem of erosion along its ocean beaches. The "Resort Strip," the backbone of beach-going tourism in the Commonwealth, must be renourished annually. Steel bulkheads or seawalls have been constructed along most of the 7 km (4.5 mile) ocean shoreline of Sandbridge, a semi-private, ocean-side community. The City is looking for beach material to reestablish its sandy coast. Maintaining a protective and recreational beach is the_primary goal in both locales.

Previous sources of sand for the "Resort Strip" have been upland borrow pits that either have closed or are located too …

Remote Sensing Of Natural Areas: Procedures And Considerations For Assessing Vegetation Composition Change, Land Development, And Erosion, Jason Goldberg, James Perry, John Anderson, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Management In Chesapeake Bay, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Robert J. Byrne

Reports

This document describes and illustrates specific, practical responses to shoreline management issues. We will begin with a look at the evolution of the Chesapeake Bay and its ongoing, long-term processes. We will proceed to a discussion of the daily, physical mechanisms that affect shoreline change and the topics professionals address in evaluating sites. We will then discuss strategies for managing shorelines, such as bulkheads, seawalls, revetments, groins, breakwaters, beach nourishment, and marsh fringes, as well as taking no action. Finally, we will give you a framework to apply these ideas in terms of the physical environment at the site and …

What Does It Take To Become A Marine Scientist?, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Note: This material may not meet current educational standards and is presented as part of the Institute's historical publications.

Report On Spectral Wave Modeling : Extended Study Of The Effects Of Sand Mining On The Wave Regime At Sandbridge, Virginia - Comparison Of Results Using A Phase-Revolving And A Phase-Averaging Spectral Wave Model (Ref/Dif S And Swan), John D. Boon, Sung Chan Kim

Reports

In an earlier report (Boon, 1998), findings were presented from a wave modeling study whose purpose was to investigate the effects of sand mining on the nearshore wave regime at Sandbridge, Virginia (Fig . 1). Using a phase-resolving spectral wave model, REF/DIF S (Kirby and Ozkan, 1992), a representative set of hypothetical storm waves was propagated across a 20 km section of the inner shelf from approximately the 20 m depth contour offshore to the 11 m depth contour inshore . Subsequent simulations were then made that tested local effects of shoaling and refraction on wave heights within a fine-scale …

Ecological Functions Of Constructed Oyster Reefs Along An Environmental Gradient In Chesapeake Bay: Final Report, Fx O'Beirn, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, J Harding, J Nestlerode

Reports

Oyster reef habitat restoration within the Chesapeake Bay has as its objectives not only the enhancement of the commercially important oyster stocks, but also the restoration of associated assemblages of organisms and, most importantly, the restoration of ecological functions associated with natural reef communities. Despite our efforts to date, many uncertainties still exist with respect to achieving these restoration goals. These include long-term information on the temporal sequence of community development on new reef substrate, evaluating oyster recruitment patterns (a) across restored reef systems and (b) in relation to resident brood stocks.

In this study we sought to characterize the …

Remote Sensing Of Natural Areas: Procedures And Considerations For Assessing Stress And Pollution, Jason Goldberg, James Perry, John Anderson, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Crest, Summer 1999, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Table of Contents:

• New Research Aquarium System
• Finfish Aquaculture at VIMS
• Virginia Creates State Research Reserve System
• Pollution-Laden Sediments In Constant Flux
• Survey of Mid-Atlantic Sea Scallop Closed Areas
• Pfiesteria Update
• New Computer Program Helps Planners Balance Growth, Protection
• Virginia Sea Grant to Administer Commercial Fishery Resource Program
• VIMS Stranded Sea Turtle Project Underway Coastal Sediments Offer Clues to Climate Change, Pollution
• Seemingly Barren Habitat Proves Vital for Economically Important Virginia Fish (juvenile flounder)

Seawifs Satellite Ocean Color Data From The Southern Ocean, Jk Moore, Mr Abbott, Rg Richman, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al

VIMS Articles

SeaWiFS estimates of surface chlorophyll concentrations are reported for the region of the U.S. JGOFS study in the Southern Ocean (similar to 170 degrees W, 60 degrees S). Elevated chlorophyll was observed at the Southern Ocean fronts, near the edge of the seasonal ice sheet, and above the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. The elevated chlorophyll levels associated with the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge are surprising since even the crest of the ridge is at depths > 2000 m. This elevated phytoplankton biomass is likely the result of mesoscale physical-biological interactions where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) encounters the ridge. Four cruises surveyed this region between …

Elizabeth River Tbt Monitoring Report On Tbt Methodology Detection Limit, Precision And Linearity, Michael A. Unger

Reports

The purpose of this project was to determine the accuracy, precision, linearity and Method Detection Limit (MDL) for tributyltin (TBT) analytical techniques available at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science prior to implementing an environmental monitoring program in the Elizabeth River, Virginia. This precursory work is to document the ability of analytical techniques to accurately detect TBT in ambient water samples at concentrations of 1 ng/L and greater.

Radiocarbon In Marine Bacteria: Evidence For The Ages Of Assimilated Carbon, J Cherrier, Je Bauer, Et Al

VIMS Articles

It is generally accepted that marine bacteria utilize labile, recently produced components of bulk dissolved organic matter. This interpretation is based largely on indirect measurements using model compounds and plankton-derived organic matter. Here, we present an assessment of the relative proportions of modem and older dissolved organic carbon (DOC) utilized by marine bacteria. Bacterial nucleic acids were collected from both estuarine (Santa Rosa Sound, FL) and open-ocean (eastern North Pacific) sites, and the natural radiocarbon signatures of the nucleic acid carbon in both systems were determined. Bacterial nucleic acids from Santa Rosa Sound were significantly enriched in radiocarbon with respect …

Tulloch Ditching, Carl Hershner, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

Increasing The Probability Of Success In Restored Forested Wetlands, Kirk J. Havens, Gene Silberhorn

Reports

This study investigated survival and growth of two distinct ecotypic populations, with varying tolerance to waterlogging, of four species, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, Carpinus caroliniana Walt., Quercus michauxii Nutt. and Quercus pagoda Raf. (Syn. Q.falcata var. pagodifolia Ell.).

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Three Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Sedimentation Modeling Study : Hampton Roads Crossing, Lower James River, Virginia, John D. Boon, Harry V. Wang, S. C. Kim, Albert Y. Kuo, G. M. Sisson

Reports

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-sedimentation computer model, HYSED-3D, was used to evaluate the effect of bridge-tunnel infrastructure for a proposed highway crossing of Hampton Roads on the physical characteristics (tides, currents, circulation, salinity, and sedimentation) of the James River estuary in Virginia. Model-represented infrastructure included tunnel islands and bridges on pilings connecting the islands to interstate highways in Newport News, Hampton, Norfolk, and Portsmouth, Virginia. Combinations of these elements occur in each of three proposed crossing routes designated Alternative 1 (Hampton-Norfolk), Alternative 2 (Hampton-Norfolk, Norfolk-Portsmouth), and Alternative 9 (Newport News-Portsmouth-Norfolk). Simulation comparisons were made between the existing waterways and infrastructure in Hampton …

Shoreline Management Plan With Habitat Enhancement For Town Of Saxis, Virginia, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, George R. Thomas, Rebecca C.H. Brindley, Lyle M. Varnell, Walter L. Priest, Sharon Dewing

Reports

The goal of the present study is to identify the best course of action to manage shoreline erosion in Saxis and to provide a detailed Shoreline Management Plan with Habitat Enhancement which can be presented to potential State and Federal funding agencies. While the Plan itself will not resolve the erosion conditions in Saxis, it will allow the Town to market its need and the method of resolution of this need, to agencies and leaders with the resources to implement the Plan’s suggested actions. The shoreline management plan will provide the necessary level of shoreline stabilization while minimizing adverse impacts …

Vims Shoreline Permit Database Impacts And Alterations Summary 1988 - 1992, Walter I. Priest Iii, Lyle M. Varnell, Thomas A. Barnard, Julie G. Bradshaw, Kirk J. Havens, Carl Hershner, Pamela Mason, William L. Roberts, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Wetlands Program

Reports

No abstract provided.

1999 Gloucester Point Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

1999 Hampton Roads Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

1999 Wachapreague Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

Measurements Of The Shape Of Sand Ripples, Jerome P-Y Maa, S-H Ou, C-J Huang

VIMS Articles

Laboratory experiments have been conductef. for determining what would be the correct selection of acoustic devices for measuring the shape of sand ripples. The results reveal that a toneburst type signal generator with I or 2 watts will be sufficient to drive the transducer. A transducer with focus and reasonable size would be the best choice. While measuring, the ratio of measuring distance (between the transducer and sea floor) and the transducer's focus length should be maintained at a ratio between 90% and II 0% for best results.

Estimation Of Bacterial Respiration And Growth Efficiency In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, C. A. Carlson, N. R. Bates, H. W. Ducklow, D. A. Hansell

VIMS Articles

Seawater cultures were conducted in large volume (36 l) gas impermeable tri-laminate bags for the purpose of empirically deriving bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) and carbon conversion factors (CCF) in the south central Ross Sea. This experimental design allowed for concomitant measurements of metabolic reactants (loss of total and dissolved organic carbon [TOC and DOG]) and products (gain of total carbon dioxide [TCO2] and bacterial biomass) to be made from a single incubation vessel. Some previous studies have relied on proxy measurements (e.g. O-2, H-3-thymidine incorporation and cell abundance) to determine BGE and CCF rather than direct carbon measurements. Our experimental …

Bacterial Growth In Experimental Plankton Assemblages And Seawater Cultures From The Phaeocystis Antarctica Bloom In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, H. W. Ducklow, C. Carlson, Walker O. Smith Jr.

VIMS Articles

A series of seawater culture experiments was carried out during the Phaeocystis antarctica bloom in the Ross Sea polynya (76.5 degrees S, 180 degrees W; November to December 1994 and December 1995 to January 1996) to examine bacterioplankton growth and derive empirical factors for estimating bacterial production rates. Bacterial growth was exponential over 3 to 10 d in all experiments, at rates of ca 0.1 to 0.7 d(-1), even in persistently cold waters (-2 to + 1 degrees C). Growth rates were lower in the early part of the bloom (early to mid-November) and highest during the period of peak …

Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Determined By Independent Methods: Temporal Variations, Walker O. Smith Jr., D. M. Nelson, S. Mathot

VIMS Articles

The development of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Ross Sea was studied during two cruises. The first, conducted in November-December 1994, investigated the initiation and rapid growth of the bloom, whereas the second (December 1995-January 1996) concentrated on the bloom's maximum biomass period and the subsequent decline in biomass. Central to the understanding of the controls of growth and the summer decline of the bloom is a quantitative assessment of the growth rate of phytoplankton. Growth rates were estimated over two time scales with different methods. The first estimated daily growth rates from isotopic incorporation under simulated in situ …

Oyster Reef Habitat Restoration : A Synopsis And Synthesis Of Approaches; Proceedings From The Symposium, Williamsburg, Virginia, April 1995, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, James A. Wesson

Reports

This volume has its origin in a symposium held in Williamsburg, VA in April 1995, though most of the chapters have been significantly revised in the interim. The primary purpose of the symposium was to bring together state fisheries managers involved in fisheries-directed oyster enhancement and research scientists to refine approaches for enhancing oyster populations and to better develop the rationale for restoring reef habitats. We could hardly have anticipated the degree to which this been successful. In the interim between the symposium and the publication of this volume the notion that oyster reefs are valuable habitats, both for oysters …

Distribution Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In The Chesapeake Bay And Tributaries And The Coastal Bays - 1998, R J. Orth, Judith F. Nowak, David J. Wilcox, Jennifer R. Whiting, Leah S. Nagey

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Crest, Winter 1999, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Table of Contents:

• Experimental Fishery on Georges Bank Holds Promise for the Scallop Industry
• New VIMS Center Boosts Aquafarming
• Invader Threatens Stressed Ecosystem (Rapa Whelk)
• Microscopic Phytoplankton Live Large
• Reality By the Numbers (Computer Modeling)
• Tautog Research
• Latest Returns From the Game Fish Tagging Program
• Educational Landscape Center (VIMS Teaching Marsh)
• Responding to the Chesapeake Executive Council Directive for Wetlands Protection and Restoration Goals
• Dangers to Blue Crabs Accelerating

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 1998, John A. Lucy, C.M. Bain, M. D. Arendt

Reports

The Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program (VGFTP), a cooperative project of the Virginia Marine Resources Commission and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), set records for fish tagged and fish recaptured during 1998, its fourth year of operation.

Cubane Tetrameric Complexes Of Copper(I) Chloride And Bromide With Triphenyl Phosphite, Robert D. Pike, William H. Starnes Jr., Gene B. Carpenter

Arts & Sciences Articles

The crystal structures of tetra-/z3-chloro-tetrakis[(triphenyl phosphite-P)copper(I)], [CunC14(CI8HI503P)4], and tetra-#3-bromo-tetrakis [ (triphenyl phosphite-P) - copper(I)], [Cu4Br4(CI8H1503P)4], are described. Both have distorted 'cubane' CuaX4 cores. Distortion of the cubane structure is reflected in X--Cu--X angles > 90 ° and Cu--X--Cu angles < 90 °, and is more pronounced in the bromide complex.