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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
'Flux+Mutability': A Conditional Generative Approach To One-Class Classification And Anomaly Detection, Cristiano Fanelli, James Giroux, Z. Papandreou
'Flux+Mutability': A Conditional Generative Approach To One-Class Classification And Anomaly Detection, Cristiano Fanelli, James Giroux, Z. Papandreou
Arts & Sciences Articles
Anomaly Detection is becoming increasingly popular within the experimental physics community. At experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider, anomaly detection is growing in interest for finding new physics beyond the Standard Model. This paper details the implementation of a novel Machine Learning architecture, called Flux+Mutability, which combines cutting-edge conditional generative models with clustering algorithms. In the 'flux' stage we learn the distribution of a reference class. The 'mutability' stage at inference addresses if data significantly deviates from the reference class. We demonstrate the validity of our approach and its connection to multiple problems spanning from one-class classification to anomaly …
Deep Learning Fusion Of Satellite And Social Information To Estimate Human Migratory Flows, Daniel Runfola, Heather Baier, Laura Mills, Maeve Naughton-Rockwell, Anthony Stefanidis
Deep Learning Fusion Of Satellite And Social Information To Estimate Human Migratory Flows, Daniel Runfola, Heather Baier, Laura Mills, Maeve Naughton-Rockwell, Anthony Stefanidis
Arts & Sciences Articles
Human migratory decisions are driven by a wide range of factors, including economic and environmental condi-tions, conflict, and evolving social dynamics. These factors are reflected in disparate data sources, including house-hold surveys, satellite imagery, and even news and social media. Here, we present a deep learning- based data fusion technique integrating satellite and census data to estimate migratory flows from Mexico to the United States. We leverage a three-stage approach, in which we (1) construct a matrix- based representation of socioeconomic information for each municipality in Mexico, (2) implement a convolutional neural network with both satellite imagery and the constructed …
Precision Determination Of The Neutral Weak Form Factor Of ^48ca, D. Adhikari, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
Precision Determination Of The Neutral Weak Form Factor Of ^48ca, D. Adhikari, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
Arts & Sciences Articles
We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating (PV) asymmetry APV in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from 48Ca. We measure APV=2668±106(stat)±40(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor FW(q=0.8733 fm−1)=0.1304±0.0052(stat)±0.0020(syst) and the charge minus the weak form factor Fch−FW=0.0277±0.0055. The resulting neutron skin thickness Rn−Rp=0.121±0.026(exp)±0.024(model) fm is relatively thin yet consistent with many model calculations. The combined CREX and PREX results will have implications for future energy density functional calculations and on the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter.
Beyond The Petermann Limit: Prospect Of Increasing Sensor Precision Near Exceptional Points, David D. Smith, Hongrok Chang, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Selim M. Shahriar
Beyond The Petermann Limit: Prospect Of Increasing Sensor Precision Near Exceptional Points, David D. Smith, Hongrok Chang, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Selim M. Shahriar
Arts & Sciences Articles
Experiments near the lock-in region in maximally dissipative non-Hermitian systems, e.g., conventional laser gyroscopes near the deadband, have run up against the Petermann limit, where excess noise exactly cancels any scale-factor enhancement resulting in no overall enhancement in precision. As a result, one might be tempted to conclude that exceptional points (EPs) generally cannot be used to increase the precision of laser sensors. Indeed, using a linear eigenmode analysis we show that the Petermann limit applies not just to maximally dissipative systems, but for any type of EP, owing to the fact that EPs are rotationally invariant. It turns out, …
Campus Nature Rx: How Investing In Nature Interventions Benefits College Students, Donald A. Rakow, Dorothy C. Ibes
Campus Nature Rx: How Investing In Nature Interventions Benefits College Students, Donald A. Rakow, Dorothy C. Ibes
Arts & Sciences Articles
Excerpt from article: "The college experience is a time of discovery, learning, and personal growth. However, many U.S. college students report unprecedentedly high levels of mental health problems during these formative years. According to the 2021 National Collegiate Health Assessment, over 30 percent of students received psychological or mental health services in the previous 12 months..."
Population Genetics Of Transposable Element Load: A Mechanistic Account Of Observed Overdispersion, Gregory Conradi Smith, Ron D. Smith, Joshua Puzey
Population Genetics Of Transposable Element Load: A Mechanistic Account Of Observed Overdispersion, Gregory Conradi Smith, Ron D. Smith, Joshua Puzey
Arts & Sciences Articles
In an empirical analysis of transposable element (TE) abundance within natural populations of Mimulus guttatus and Drosophila melanogaster, we found a surprisingly high variance of TE count (e.g., variance-to-mean ratio on the order of 10 to 300). To obtain insight regarding the evolutionary genetic mechanisms that underlie the overdispersed population distributions of TE abundance, we developed a mathematical model of TE population genetics that includes the dynamics of element proliferation and purifying selection on TE load. The modeling approach begins with a master equation for a birth-death process and extends the predictions of the classical theory of TE dynamics in …
Orbital-Selective Metallicity In The Valence-Bond Liquid Phase Of Li2 Ruo3, Patrick Mcardle, Fei-Ting Huang, Junjie Yang, (...), M. M. Qazilbash
Orbital-Selective Metallicity In The Valence-Bond Liquid Phase Of Li2 Ruo3, Patrick Mcardle, Fei-Ting Huang, Junjie Yang, (...), M. M. Qazilbash
Arts & Sciences Articles
Li2RuO3 (LRO) forms a valence bond crystal at room temperature. It undergoes a high temperature phase transition that involves structural, magnetic, and electronic changes leading to an exotic valence bond liquid state. The orbital degrees of freedom are thought to be fundamental to the evolution of LRO properties across the phase transition. We report temperature dependent broadband (100–26000cm–1) reflectance measurements on single crystals of LRO to elucidate structural and transport properties. Specifically, the phonon and electronic properties of LRO were investigated through the phase transition. We report that above the transition temperature (Tc≈500K), the optical band gap closes for electrons …
The Probability Mass Function Of The Kaplan-Meier Product-Limit Estimator, Yuxin Qin, Heather Sasinowska, Lawrence Leemis
The Probability Mass Function Of The Kaplan-Meier Product-Limit Estimator, Yuxin Qin, Heather Sasinowska, Lawrence Leemis
Arts & Sciences Articles
Kaplan andMeier’s 1958 article developed a nonparametric estimator of the survivor function from a right censored dataset. Determining the size of the support of the estimator as a function of the sample size provides a challenging exercise for students in an advanced course in mathematical statistics. We devise two algorithms for calculating the support size and calculate the associated probability mass function for small sample sizes and particular probability distributions for the failure and censoring times.
Determination Of The ^27al Neutron Distribution Radius From A Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement, D. Androic, David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
Determination Of The ^27al Neutron Distribution Radius From A Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement, D. Androic, David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
Arts & Sciences Articles
We report the first measurement of the parity-violating elastic electron scattering asymmetry on 27Al. The 27Al elastic asymmetry is APV=2.16±0.11(stat)±0.16(syst) ppm, and was measured at ⟨Q2⟩=0.02357±0.00010 GeV2, ⟨θlab⟩=7.61°±0.02°, and ⟨Elab⟩=1.157 GeV with the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab. Predictions using a simple Born approximation as well as more sophisticated distorted-wave calculations are in good agreement with this result. From this asymmetry the 27Al neutron radius Rn=2.89±0.12 fm was determined using a many-models correlation technique. The corresponding neutron skin thickness Rn−Rp=−0.04±0.12 fm is small, as expected for a light nucleus with a neutron excess of only 1. This result thus serves …
New Measurements Of The Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry In Elastic Electron Scattering Over A Range Of Spin-0 Nuclei, D. Adhikari, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
New Measurements Of The Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry In Elastic Electron Scattering Over A Range Of Spin-0 Nuclei, D. Adhikari, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.
Arts & Sciences Articles
We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (An) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off 12C, 40Ca, 48Ca, and 208Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of An for 40Ca and 48Ca are found to be similar to that of 12C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z≤20. We also report An for 208Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q2) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all …