Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Pan, Ppn And Mpan Measurements And The Systematic Relationship Between Mpan And Macr At A Semi-Rural Site In Tennessee, George Nouaime

Masters Theses

Simultaneous measurements of peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) and its primary and secondary precursors, methacarolein (MACR) and isoprene, were carried out for the first time in July 1995 at a semi-rural site southeast of Nashville. In addition to these compounds, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and supporting measurements were also collected in collaboration with other research groups. The mean concentrations of PAN, PPN, MPAN and MACR were found to be 485 pptv, 50 pptv, 30 pptv and 0.290 ppbv respectively. MP AN levels, which closely tracked those of MACR during the day, peaked and dropped earlier …

Elucidation Of The Pathway Required For The Stimulation Of G6pdh Gene Expression By Insulin And Its Mimetics, Asavari Wagle

Masters Theses

Insulin, an anabolic hormone, exquisitely controls cellular physiology and metabolism by modulating the activity of key proteins which regulate metabolic and mitogenic events. Insulin activates several cytosolic proteins via a phosphorylation cascade, but only some of these proteins are required for its specific action. We have elucidated the insulin signal transduction cascade in primary rat hepatocytes, and outlined some of the events that are required for the insulin induced stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) gene expression. Using well-characterized and structurally different inhibitors, we show that insulin stimulation of the gene requires the IRS-1/P13K pathway and not the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. Gene …

A Comparison Study Of Water Well Grouting Materials, Sherry L. Callaway

Masters Theses

To prevent contamination from occurring in water wells, and thereby groundwater, the annulus between the well casing and borehole wall must be sealed with a grout that is capable of maintaining a proper seal. Several factors and properties determine the integrity of the grout and the seal formed by that grout.

A field study discovered limitations in all of the tested grout types. Most grouts were found to vary greatly in thickness surrounding the well casing. Bentonite slurry grouts settled excessively. Cement and bentoni tecement grouts did not adhere to PVC well casing. Bentonite-cement grout fractured. The granulated bentonite was …

A Large Scintillation Detector For Nuclear Physics Experiments At Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Apurva Pathak

Masters Theses

A new, large, scintillation detector, called the "K" detector has been designed and built for use in a series of nuclear physics experiments being performed at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF). This project describes the design, construction and testing of this scintillation detector. The K detector was designed to augment an existing detector stack at IUCF, and will serve to increase the energy range of previous studies of neutral pion production in proton-proton collisions near threshold. The test data for the current project came from a proton-proton scattering experiment, during which several runs were carried out between the bombarding …

Laboratory Comparison Of Trench Design Options For Recovering Spilled Oil, Renuka Fernando

Masters Theses

The research goal was to improve the performance of drainage trenches used to recover spilled oil in the subsurface. Different trench designs were compared in two laboratory experiments. The first laboratory experiment clearly demonstrates that the performance of a oil recovering drainage trench could be improved by replacing the standard gravel pack sand used around the drain pipe with mixtures of teflon and sand. The effectiveness of a downgradient impermeable 'backstop' also was studied in the first experiment.

In experiment two, four trench designs were compared: perforated drain pipe; wire-wrapped horizontal well screen; perforated sheet pile; and gravel fill with …

Lithological And Stratigraphic Analysis Of Glacial Diamictons, Sturgis, Michigan, R. Christopher Gardner

Masters Theses

Seven diamictons are identified in the subsurface glacial drift near Sturgis, Michigan using textural analyses and x-ray diffraction of clay minerals. The clay mineral content is quantified by comparing the 7-A/10- A peak height ratios from x-ray diffraction diffractograms of oriented clay-size particle (<2um) mounts. Two diamictons occur at the base of the drift. Unit 1 is gray , resembling the shale it overlies. The texture of Unit 1 is sandy clay loam to loam and average 7-A/10-A peak height clay mineral ratios of 0.446 ±0.069. Unit 2 is a yellowish-brown diamicton, it overlies Unit 1, and is a sandy loam to loam with average 7-A/10-A clay mineral ratio of 0.657 ±0.151. Diamicton Units 4 and 5 overlie a thick unit of sand and gravel on top of Unit 2. Units 4 and 5 have similar color and texture, however the 7-A/10-A ratios are 1.059 ±0.090 and 0.810 ±0.072 respectively. Unit 6 is a thin diamicton unit, leached of calcite, and x-ray diffraction suggests that there is a range of weathering horzins between borings. Unit 7 is loamy, whereas Unit 8 generally ranges from sandy clay loam to sandy loam with average 7-A/10-A ratios of 0.865 ±0.090 and 1.195 ±0.189.

Collision Spectroscopy Of Low Energy Capture By Multiply Charged Ions From Atomic Targets, Kadir Akgungor

Dissertations

State-selective differential cross sections for single-electron capture processes in very slow collisions of Ar^q+ (q = 4 - 6) ions with Ne, and Ar^6+ ions with He have been studied experimentally at laboratory collision energies between 15 and 100 qeV, and at scattering angles between 0° and 8° by means of translational energy-gain spectroscopy technique. The translational energy spectra show that only a few final states are populated depending on the charge state of the projectile, the projectile laboratory scattering angle, and the collision energy. These measurements also show that the dominant reaction channels are due to capture into excited …

Geology Newsletter- 1997, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol. 1, No. 22

• Dear Alumni and Friends
• Faculty News
• Awards and Scholarships
• Alumni News
• Geology Development and Scholarship Donations
• Advisory Council News

Extraction Of Premafloxacin Radiolabeled With Carbon Fourteen From Loam Soil, Steven Gregory Staskiewicz

Masters Theses

Premafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic being developed by Pharmacia & Upjohn for veterinary indications. Since the parent drug and possibly metabolites will be applied to soil through the deposition of animal excreta, many regulatory agencies will require environmental assessment testing. In order to determine if ¹⁴C-premafloxacin would biodegrade in the soil, loam soil was extracted with solvents and C18 solid phase columns were used to isolate the compound after three weeks of incubation. In addition to extracting the soil, production of ¹⁴CO₂ was monitored by trapping the degradation by-product in 2 N NaOH. Liquid scintillation counting of …

Reservoir Characterization Of Crystal Field And Analysis Of The Tow#1-3 Hd-1 Well, Montcalm County, Michigan, Heidi Wines

Masters Theses

The goal of this project was to characterize the Dundee reservoir of Crystal oil field using the newly drilled Tow #1-3 well data in conjunction with historical well records to evaluate heterogeneity of facies and their controls on oil production.

From the Tow# 1-3 HD-1 well, three major facies were identified in the reservoir. A non-fractured intertidal grainstone facies provides storage of fluids with its uniform permeability and excellent intercrystalline porosity. The supratidal fractured micrites and open marine fractured biomicrites are interbedded with the grainstone facies providing conduits for fluid migration between the facies. Facies are important controls on oil …

Geophysical Characterization Of A Jp-4 (Lnapl) Contaminated Site At The Wurtsmith, Air Force Base, Oscoda, Michigan, Kristina C. Sprietzer

Masters Theses

The detection of hydrocarbon contamination in the subsurface using geophysical techniques has been based on the known physical properties of high electrical resistivities (ρa) (low conductivities). However, geophysical field investigations at uncontrolled spill sites yield measurements of low resistivity (high conductivity). The purpose of this study is to test that in the natural environment some hydrocarbon spills (in the case of LNAPLs), can exhibit changes with time due to biodegradation, from electrically resistive to conductive. Since time is an important factor, this hypothesis was tested at a site where the time when a hydrocarbon release occurred is known and where …

Systematics Of Stable Isotopes And Radionuclides In Precipitation At Kalamazoo, Michigan, Usa, Madhav V. Machavaram

Dissertations

Precipitation samples were collected at Kalamazoo from June 1992 to March 1995. The samples were analyzed for their 8D and 8lgO values. The 5D - 5I80 relationship is comparable to that of Meteoric Water Line (MWL). The monthly mean isotopic values in precipitation exhibited strong seasonality, being higher in summer and lower in winter months. This behavior is apparently a direct consequence of the temperature effect on isotope fractionation.

The summer precipitation at Kalamazoo is derived predominantly from the water vapor originated in the Gulf of Mexico. A box model calculation showed that a Rayleigh type distillation with Gulf moisture …

Link/Loop/Node Networks, Mark E. Gilbert

Honors Theses

This document is really two separate documents that have been appended together. The first is Link/Loop/Node Networks. This document describes the theory behind link/loop/node networks (LLN), as well as the basic operating instructions for the LLN Simulator (LLNS). The second document is LLN Simulator Technical Reference. This second document describes how the LLNS was constructed using Microsoft Access 2.0, as well as how the LLNS simulates LLN.

Geophysical Investigation Of Anomalous Conductivity Associated With A Hydrocarbon Contamination Site, Mike S. Nash

Masters Theses

The high electrical conductivity measured from chemical analyses from ground water below a hydrocarbon contaminated site was the focus of this study. Most theoretical studies have indicated that the electrical conductivity of hydrocarbon contamination is lower than that of the surrounding medium. Geochemical studies at other sites have shown that areas of dissolved fuel oil plume have a higher electrical conductivity. Six methods: Self Potential, Mise-a-la-Masse, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Dipole-Dipole Resistivity Profiling, Electromagnetic Induction, and Ground Penetrating Radar were all used in an attempt to see which method( s) could identify regions of high conductivity.

The findings of this study …

Synthesis Of Biologically Active Substituted Chalcones, Kiel Steven Hoff

Masters Theses

Two different synthetic routes to poly-hydroxylated chalcones are investigated. The wittig synthesis and protection of the hydroxyl functionalities by forming the methyl ether followed by the base catalyzed Claissen-schmidt reaction and then deprotection were investigated. It was demonstrated that the protection-condensation- deprotection route was more efficient. The antiviral activity of 2,2', 4' - trihydroxychalcone against the HIV virus is also presented.

Changes In Channel Morphology And Flood-Plain Ecosystems Of The Green River Between The Flaming Gorge Dam, Utah And The Gates Of Lodore, Colorado, Gloria Christine Celeste Britton

Masters Theses

Closure of Flaming Gorge Dam in 1962 reduced the flow rate and variability of discharge on the Green River below this dam. These changes, coupled with the decreased sediment load due to stilling and sporadic peaking in response to demand for hydroelectric power and controlled releases of up to 4500 cfs to cope with snowmelt have impacted the channel morphology and ecosystems of the main stem Green River between the Dam and the Gates of Lodore. Detailed comparative analysis of channel shape and riparian ecosystems or pre-dam and post-dam aerial photographs revealed that significant changes occurred after closure. Channel width …

A Robust Estimate For An Autoregressive Time Series, Jeffrey Terpstra

Dissertations

A weighted rank-based estimate for estimating the parameter of an auto-regressive time series is considered. When the weights are constant, the estimate is equivalent to using Jaeckel’s estimate and Wilcoxon scores. The estimate can be shown to be asymptotically normal at rate y/n. In a linear regression setting this estimate has the desired properties of a continuous totally bounded influence function and a positive breakdown point. It is shown via examples and Monte Carlo that these properties are preserved in an autoregressive time series setting.

Domination In Digraphs, Lisa Hansen

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Localization And Transport Effects In The Disordered Materials, Vladislav Malyshkin

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Groundwater-Kalamazoo River Interaction Near The Parchment City Wellfield, Parchment, Michigan, W. Richard Laton

Dissertations

A detailed hydrogeologic study of the Kalamazoo River and its interaction with the groundwater was completed near Parchment, Michigan. The Kalamazoo River between Portage Creek and Allegan Dam is a Federal superfund site due to PCB contamination trapped in its sediments. The City of Parchment pumps all of its drinking water from a glacial aquifer 850 feet from the Kalamazoo River. This study focused on the hydrogeology and groundwater/surface interaction of the area through the use of surface and downhole geophysics, installation of monitoring wells and peizometers, seepage meters and chemical sampling. It was determined that the Kalamazoo River is …

Bandwidth, Edgesum And Profile Of Graphs, Yung-Ling Lai

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Angle-Resolved Study Of Ar 2p₁/₂,₃/₂⁻1Ns,D Resonant Auger Decay, Marc Andrew Humphrey

Honors Theses

Angle-resolved measurements of the Ar 2p_1/2,3/2^-14s,3d,4d and 2p_3/2^-14s,3d,4d resonant Auger transitions have been carried out using photons from an undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The intensity distributions and angular distribution anisotropy (β) parameters have been reported for nearly all of the possible 3p⁴nl final ionic states. These results further verify the predictions of the spectator model for the 2p_1/2,3/2^-14s resonances and the subsequent breakdown of this model for the 2p_1/2,3/2^-13d and 2p_1/2,3/2^-14d relative intensities. This work …

Thermal Studies Of Complex Formations Of First Row Transition Metals With Phenolic Compounds In Aqueous Solution, Nabil Adnan Amro

Masters Theses

The coordination chemistry of protocatechuic acid and catechols with the first row of transition metals was studied as a model for the more complicated natural humic substance.

The reaction between Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and the phenols, catechol and protocatechuic acid in aqueous solution was studied by the spectrophotometric method. The composition of the complexes formed was determined by continuous variation, iso-molar series and molar ratio methods. The presence of complexes with metal:ligand ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 was established in the pH range 3 to …

Analysis Of Organic Nitrates In Artic Outflow, Deanna Elyea-Piper

Masters Theses

The Arctic Outflow Study (AOS) was a project funded by the National Science Foundation to assess the impact of tropospheric ozone concentrations by the measurement of oxidized nitrogen. Measurements of arctic outflow were made to assess the seasonal cycle of compounds in arctic air and the partitioning of NOy during transport to the North Atlantic region. These photochemically active compounds are elevated in the arctic during the winter and spring because of the lack of photochemical processes to destroy them.

Measurements of PAN, Alkyl nitrates, NOy, NO, NO₂, CO, HNO₃, O₃, and particulate nitrate …

Thermal Characterization Of Ground And Surface Waters At The Upjohn Company's Portage Road Manufacturing Facility, William K. Hunsberger

Masters Theses

This study focused on thermal characteristics of the ground water and recharged surface water at The Upjohn Company's (now Pharmacia and Upjohn) Portage Road manufacturing facility. Major objectives were: (a) a compilation and graphical evaluation of historical lower aquifer ground water temperatures; (b) estimates of thermal energy introduced into the ground water system through recharge from Upjohn Pond, and predictions of future production well discharge temperatures; (c) an evaluation of hydraulic conductivity related to changes in water density and viscosity influenced by variable temperature; and (d) the stratigraphy beneath Upjohn Pond.

Records reveal increasing ground water temperatures through time in …

Well Screen Characteristics Which Constrain Hydraulic Conductivity Calculated From Slug Tests, Christopher G. Amore

Masters Theses

With the growing concern over ground water protection and waste water management, interest in the use of slug tests to characterize hydraulic properties of aquifers has increased. While slug tests offer an inexpensive alternative to pump tests, problems arise with collection of the tests and the interpretation of the results. Field tests and mathematical studies show that both positive and negative biases of formation properties have been obtained. The resulting errors can be traced to improper analytical techniques, incorrect assumptions of well configuration and aquifer properties, poor well installation and data gathering. Most of these problems can be corrected by …

Prototype Implementation Of The Comprehensive Parallel Integration Tool Parint, Jay Ball

Masters Theses

The ParInt project allows users to integrate multivariate functions using parallel computers via different methods encompassed in an easy to use interface. This thesis describes the initial version of the ParInt package. Various pop up windows of the graphical user interface, program procedures, programming paradigms, integration theory, and future considerations are all described.

Potential Underground Gas Storage Reservoirs In Latvia, Santis Limez

Masters Theses

The Baltic state of Latvia, produces no natural gas; all natural gas consumed is imported. In order to address future gas needs in Latvia, this study was undertaken to provide geological background and select sites with the best gas storage potential and reduce costs of more detailed field analyses in the next phase of gas storage development. Russia is the sole natural gas supplier and delivers the gas to Latvia via transmission pipelines. The Inchukalns underground gas storage field is the only underground gas storage field in the Baltic states. Although this structure accommodates current needs, projections show additional storage …

Reconstruction Of Wetland Hydrology Dynamics Using Tree Rings, Allan P. Hascall Iii

Dissertations

Increment core samples were collected and examined to test the hypothesis that the history of punctuated or intermediate-term changes in wetland soil-moisture conditions can be reconstructed from the annual growth-ring record of trees. The hypothesis is based on plant physiological principles that indicate a relationship between water surplus stress and impaired physiological activity that could lead to reduced growth.

Sampling sites were selected for their ostensible historic hydrologic variability and the availability of documentation of hydrologic disturbances. A conceptual model was developed by which trees were sampled along a hydrotopographic gradient for comparison of radial stem growth in uplands versus …

Study Of Impurity Modes In Photonic Crystals And Study Of Power Gaas Mesfets, Michael G. Khazhinsky

Dissertations

The dissertation consists of two projects. In the first project, impurity modes in Photonic Crystals are studied in one- and two-dimensional Photonic Crystals. Onedimensional systems are formed from an infinite layered array of dielectric slabs and are studied for linearly polarized electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicular to the plane of slabs. Two-dimensional systems consist either of parallel cylindrical dielectric rods in vacuum or cylindrical holes containing vacuum in dielectric medium. These rods/holes are arranged in a square lattice array. The electromagnetic waves in these system propagate perpendicular to the axes of the rods and are of E or H polarization. Green’s …