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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Melissa: System Description And Spectral Features Of Pre- And Post-Midnight F-Region Echoes, Fabiano S. Rodrigues, Weijia Zhan, Marco A. Milla, B. G. Fejer, Eurico R. De Paula, Acacio C. Neto, Angela M. Santos, Inez S. Batista
Melissa: System Description And Spectral Features Of Pre- And Post-Midnight F-Region Echoes, Fabiano S. Rodrigues, Weijia Zhan, Marco A. Milla, B. G. Fejer, Eurico R. De Paula, Acacio C. Neto, Angela M. Santos, Inez S. Batista
All Physics Faculty Publications
Most of the low‐latitude ionospheric radar observations in South America come from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, located in the western longitude sector (∼75°W). The deployment of the 30 MHz FAPESP‐Clemson‐INPE (FCI) coherent backscatter radar in the magnetic equatorial site of São Luis, Brazil, in 2001 allowed observations to be made in the eastern sector (∼45°W). However, despite being operational for several years (2001–2012), FCI only made observations during daytime and pre‐midnight hours, with a few exceptions. Here, we describe an upgraded system that replaced the FCI radar and present results of full‐night F‐region observations. This radar is referred to …
Radar Studies Of Height-Dependent Equatorial F Region Vertical And Zonal Plasma Drifts, S. A. Shidler, F. S. Rodrigues, B. G. Fejer, M. A. Milla
Radar Studies Of Height-Dependent Equatorial F Region Vertical And Zonal Plasma Drifts, S. A. Shidler, F. S. Rodrigues, B. G. Fejer, M. A. Milla
All Physics Faculty Publications
We present the results of an analysis of long-term measurements of ionospheric F region E × B plasma drifts in the American/Peruvian sector. The analysis used observations made between 1986 and 2017 by the incoherent scatter radar of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory. Unlike previous studies, we analyzed both vertical and zonal components of the plasma drifts to derive the geomagnetically quiet time climatological variation of the drifts as a function of height and local time. We determine the average behavior of the height profiles of the drifts for different seasons and distinct solar flux conditions. Our results show good agreement …
Multi-Instrumented Observations Of The Equatorial F-Region During June Solstice: Large-Scale Wave Structures And Spread-F, Fabiano S. Rodrigues, Dustin A. Hickey, Weijia Zhan, Carlos R. Martinis, B. G. Fejer, Marco A. Milla, Juan F. Arratia
Multi-Instrumented Observations Of The Equatorial F-Region During June Solstice: Large-Scale Wave Structures And Spread-F, Fabiano S. Rodrigues, Dustin A. Hickey, Weijia Zhan, Carlos R. Martinis, B. G. Fejer, Marco A. Milla, Juan F. Arratia
All Physics Faculty Publications
Typical equatorial spread-F events are often said to occur during post-sunset, equinox conditions in most longitude sectors. Recent studies, however, have found an unexpected high occurrence of ionospheric F-region irregularities during June solstice, when conditions are believed to be unfavorable for the development of plasma instabilities responsible for equatorial spread-F (ESF). This study reports new results of a multi-instrumented investigation with the objective to better specify the occurrence of these atypical June solstice ESF in the American sector and better understand the conditions prior to their development. We present the first observations of June solstice ESF events …
Radar Studies Of Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Plasma Drifts, L. Scherliess, Bela G. Fejer, J. Holt, L. Goncharenko, C. Armory-Mazaudier, M. J. Buonsanto
Radar Studies Of Mid-Latitude Ionospheric Plasma Drifts, L. Scherliess, Bela G. Fejer, J. Holt, L. Goncharenko, C. Armory-Mazaudier, M. J. Buonsanto
Bela G. Fejer
We use incoherent scatter radar measurements from Millstone Hill and Saint Santin to study the midlatitude F region electrodynamic plasma drifts during geomagnetically quiet and active periods. We present initially a local time, season, and solar flux dependent analytical model of the quiet time zonal and meridional E × B drifts over these stations. We discuss, for the first time, the Saint Santin drift patterns during solar maximum. We have used these quiet time models to extract the geomagnetic perturbation drifts which were modeled as a function of the time history of the auroral electrojet indices. Our results illustrate the …
An Incoherent Scatter Radar Technique For Determining Two-Dimensional Ionization Structure In Polar Cap F-Region Patches, T. R. Pedersen, Bela G. Fejer, R. A. Doe, E. J. Weber
An Incoherent Scatter Radar Technique For Determining Two-Dimensional Ionization Structure In Polar Cap F-Region Patches, T. R. Pedersen, Bela G. Fejer, R. A. Doe, E. J. Weber
Bela G. Fejer
We present a technique which combines time series of line-of-sight (LOS) velocity and electron density measurements from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar (74.5° invariant latitude) to reconstruct the large-scale horizontal structure of the F region ionosphere during polar cap patch events. This reconstruction technique provides a new density-based means of examining patch morphology. Its wide region of coverage also facilitates comparison of radar measurements with other observational data sets. For two periods when patches were present and convection conditions in the nightside polar cap could be adequately approximated by the simple velocity model used in this initial implementation of the …
Radar And Satellite Global Equatorial F-Region Vertical Drift Model, L. Scherliess, Bela G. Fejer
Radar And Satellite Global Equatorial F-Region Vertical Drift Model, L. Scherliess, Bela G. Fejer
Bela G. Fejer
We present the first global empirical model for the quiet time F region equatorial vertical drifts based on combined incoherent scatter radar observations at Jicamarca and Ion Drift Meter observations on board the Atmospheric Explorer E satellite. This analytical model, based on products of cubic-B splines and with nearly conservative electric fields, describes the diurnal and seasonal variations of the equatorial vertical drifts for a continuous range of all longitudes and solar flux values. Our results indicate that during solar minimum, the evening prereversal velocity enhancement exhibits only small longitudinal variations during equinox with amplitudes of about 15–20 m/s, is …
Observational Limits For Lidar, Radar And Airglow Imager Measurements Of Gravity Wave Parameters, C. S. Gardner, Michael J. Taylor
Observational Limits For Lidar, Radar And Airglow Imager Measurements Of Gravity Wave Parameters, C. S. Gardner, Michael J. Taylor
All Physics Faculty Publications
By examining the observational limits and biases for lidar, radar, and airglow imager measurements of middle atmosphere gravity waves, we provide plausible explanations for the characteristics of the monochromatic wave parameters that have been reported during the past decade. The systematic dependencies of vertical and horizontal wavelength on wave period, reported in many lidar and some radar studies, are associated with diffusive damping. The prominent waves with the largest amplitudes, most often observed by lidars and radars, are those with vertical phase speeds near the diffusive damping limit. The narrow range of horizontal phase velocities of the waves seen by …
Incoherent Scatter Radar, Ionosonde,And Satellite Measurements Of Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drifts In The Evening Sector, Bela G. Fejer, E. R. De Paula, L. Scherliess, I. S. Batista
Incoherent Scatter Radar, Ionosonde,And Satellite Measurements Of Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drifts In The Evening Sector, Bela G. Fejer, E. R. De Paula, L. Scherliess, I. S. Batista
Bela G. Fejer
Studies of equatorial F region evening vertical plasma drifts using different measurement techniques have produced conflicting results. We examine the relationship of incoherent scatter radar and ionosonde drift observations over the Peruvian equatorial region, and AE-E satellite drifts for different geophysical conditions. Our data show that there is large day-to-day variability on the ratios of radar and ionosonde drifts, but on the average the measurements from these two techniques are in fair agreement during low and moderate solar flux conditions. For high solar activity, however, the Jicamarca evening drifts during equinox and December solstice are significantly larger than the ionosonde …
The Condor Equatorial Electrojetcampaign: Radar Results, E. Kudeki, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, C. Hanuise
The Condor Equatorial Electrojetcampaign: Radar Results, E. Kudeki, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, C. Hanuise
Bela G. Fejer
A review of the experimental and theoretical background to the Condor equatorial electrojet campaign is followed by the presentation and discussion of VHF radar interferometer and HF radar backscatter data taken concurrently with two rocket in situ experiments reported in companion papers (Pfaff et al., this issue (a, b). Both experiments were conducted in strongly driven periods with the on-line radar interferometer displaying signatures of what has been interpreted in earlier radar work (Kudeki et al., 1982) as kilometer scale gradient drift waves. Low-frequency density fluctuations detected by in situ rocket sensors confirm the earlier interpretation. VHF radar/rocket data comparisons …
Ion Cyclotron Waves As Apossible Source Of Resonant Auroral Radar Echoes, Bela G. Fejer, R. W. Reed, D. T. Farley, W. E. Swartz, M. C. Kelley
Ion Cyclotron Waves As Apossible Source Of Resonant Auroral Radar Echoes, Bela G. Fejer, R. W. Reed, D. T. Farley, W. E. Swartz, M. C. Kelley
Bela G. Fejer
Auroral backscatter radar observations were made from Ithaca, New York, at 50 MHz during the early morning of April 1, 1976, a period of high magnetic disturbance (Kp ∼ 8). The backscattered power showed large rapid (time scale of a few minutes or less) variations, characteristic of discrete radar aurora, from L = 3.5–4. Doppler spectra of waves propagating in nearly the north-south direction from up to 28 different ranges were obtained simultaneously with good spatial (7.5 km) and temporal (2 s) resolution. Some unusual spectra with very narrow peaks at Doppler shifts between about 70 and 90 Hz were …
The Meridional Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measured By Radar And Optical Techniques In The Auroral Region, Vincent B. Wickwar, J W. Meriwether Jr., P B. Hays, A F. Nagy
The Meridional Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measured By Radar And Optical Techniques In The Auroral Region, Vincent B. Wickwar, J W. Meriwether Jr., P B. Hays, A F. Nagy
All Physics Faculty Publications
Radar observations of ion velocities in the magnetic zenith over Chatanika, Alaska, were used to determine the geomagnetic meridional component of the thermospheric neutral wind. Corrections for molecular diffusion and molecular ion contamination of the pure O+ composition assumed for the ionosphere were included in the analysis. Comparison of the averaged diurnal variation of the meridional wind showed good agreement between the two measurement techniques. Good agreement was also found for several cases of simultaneous observations. The evidence suggested that differences were caused by gravity waves. The 7 years of radar meridional wind results were examined with respect to …
First Vhf Auroral Radarinterferometer Observations, J. Providakes, W. E. Swartz, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer
First Vhf Auroral Radarinterferometer Observations, J. Providakes, W. E. Swartz, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer
Bela G. Fejer
The radar interferometer technique first used at the magnetic equator in Peru is also a very powerful means for studying auroral plasma instabilities. We present here the first results, obtained with a 49.92 MHz, 20-25 KW peak power pulsed radar located in Ithaca, NY (42.5° N, 76.4° W). Strong auroral echoes were obtained during several highly active periods. Phase differences between the signals received on the two antennas accurately determine the E-W position, within the scattering volume, of localized scattering centers, and changes in this phase determine the corresponding velocity. The signal Doppler shift describes radial (essentially N-S) motion. The …
Radar Interferometry: A New Technique For Studyingplasma Turbulence In The Ionosphere, D. T. Farley, H. M. Ierkic, Bela G. Fejer
Radar Interferometry: A New Technique For Studyingplasma Turbulence In The Ionosphere, D. T. Farley, H. M. Ierkic, Bela G. Fejer
Bela G. Fejer
A new radar interferometer technique has been developed and used successfully at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory in Peru to study the strong nighttime plasma turbulence in the equatorial electrojet. The technique represents a major step forward in radar probing of turbulent irregularities such as (but not limited to) those in the electrojet. In many situations it provides far more information than previous Doppler measurements. We form the cross spectrum of the backscattered signals received from approximately overhead on two antennas, separated in this case along an east-west baseline, as well as the individual power spectra. From the phase of the …
Type I Radar Echoes From Theequatorial Electrojet With Double Peaked Doppler Spectra, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, P. Johnston, B. B. Balsley
Type I Radar Echoes From Theequatorial Electrojet With Double Peaked Doppler Spectra, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, P. Johnston, B. B. Balsley
Bela G. Fejer
Normal type 1 radar echoes obtained from relatively large zenith angles have a power spectrum with a single narrow peak whose Doppler shift corresponds approximately to the acoustic velocity in the medium. On some occasions, however, this single maximum splits into two distinct peaks, separated in phase velocity on one occasion by 270 m/s. This bifurcation is most easily observed at large zenith angles during daytime when a narrow antenna beam is used. It has also been seen in a daytime experiment in which radars at Jicamarca and Huancayo simultaneously probed the same region from two different radar zenith angles. …
Radar Observations Of Two Dimensional Turbulencein The Equatorial Electrojet, 3. Nighttime Observations Of Type I Waves, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer, B. B. Balsley
Radar Observations Of Two Dimensional Turbulencein The Equatorial Electrojet, 3. Nighttime Observations Of Type I Waves, D. T. Farley, Bela G. Fejer, B. B. Balsley
Bela G. Fejer
The large vertically directed 50-MHz radar at Jicamarca has sufficient sensitivity to study nighttime echoes from the equatorial electrojet in detail with good resolution. Here we concentrate on type 1 (‘two-stream’) echoes. We find that (1) these echoes sometimes dominate the spectrum (which is never the case in daytime for a vertically directed radar), (2) they are observed over a much wider range of altitudes than they are during daytime, (3) they show an asymmetry which reverses from day to night (downgoing waves are more common at night), (4) the magnitude of the mean Doppler shift appears to increase somewhat …
Radar Observations Of Two Dimensional Turbulence In The Equatorial Electrojet, 2, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, B. B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman
Radar Observations Of Two Dimensional Turbulence In The Equatorial Electrojet, 2, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, B. B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman
Bela G. Fejer
Observations with an altitude resolution of about 1 km were made with the large, vertically directed 50-MHz radar system at the Jicamarca Radar Observatory during the day, when the electrojet was strong. Type 1 (‘two stream’) echoes were seen in a limited range of altitudes, with Doppler shifts corresponding to upward and downward motion at the acoustic velocity. Most of the radar returns were due to type 2 echoes, however. The direction of motion of the type 1 waves sometimes reversed in as little as 1 s, supporting a turbulent model of the electrojet region. During the day the upgoing …
Radar Measurements Of Neutral Winds And Temperatures In The Equatorial E Region, B. B. Balsley, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, R. F. Woodman
Radar Measurements Of Neutral Winds And Temperatures In The Equatorial E Region, B. B. Balsley, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, R. F. Woodman
Bela G. Fejer
The phase velocity of type 1 irregularities in the equatorial electrojet, which can be easily measured by radar, depends upon both the ion acoustic velocity (and hence the temperature) in the medium and the neutral wind velocity. By measuring the phase velocity at several zenith angles both of these quantities in principle can be determined. This note describes the technique and its limitations and presents a few preliminary results obtained at 50 MHz at the Jicamarca Radar Observatory in Peru. These results show E region east-west wind velocities as large as 100 m/s, temperature variations of greater than 100°K, and …
Radar Studies Of Anomalousvelocity Reversals In The Equatorial Ionosphere, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, B. B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman
Radar Studies Of Anomalousvelocity Reversals In The Equatorial Ionosphere, Bela G. Fejer, D. T. Farley, B. B. Balsley, R. F. Woodman
Bela G. Fejer
Radar observations made at Jicamarca show that the equatorial electrojet current and the E and F region electric fields can reverse from their normal direction during the day or night and during magnetically quiet or disturbed conditions. The nighttime reversals can only be detected by such radar measurements. The observations support most of the current hypotheses concerning the electrojet plasma instabilities. The rapid reversals sometimes seen during disturbed conditions indicate that high-latitude currents and electric fields associated with substorm activity strongly perturb the dynamo current system at all latitudes.