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University of Richmond

2011

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Articles 1 - 30 of 36

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

On The Radio And Optical Luminosity Evolution Of Quasars, Jack Singal, V. Petrosian, A. Lawrence, L. Stawarz Dec 2011

On The Radio And Optical Luminosity Evolution Of Quasars, Jack Singal, V. Petrosian, A. Lawrence, L. Stawarz

Physics Faculty Publications

We calculate simultaneously the radio and optical luminosity evolutions of quasars, and the distribution in radio loudness R defined as the ratio of radio and optical luminosities, using a flux-limited data set containing 636 quasars with radio and optical fluxes from White et al. We first note that when dealing with multi-variate data it is imperative to first determine the true correlations among the variables, not those introduced by the observational selection effects, before obtaining the individual distributions of the variables. We use the methods developed by Efron and Petrosian which are designed to obtain unbiased correlations, distributions, and evolution …

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Elliptic Operators And Maximal Regularity On Periodic Little-Hölder Spaces, Jeremy Lecrone Dec 2011

Elliptic Operators And Maximal Regularity On Periodic Little-Hölder Spaces, Jeremy Lecrone

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

We consider one-dimensional inhomogeneous parabolic equations with higher-order elliptic differential operators subject to periodic boundary conditions. In our main result we show that the property of continuous maximal regularity is satisfied in the setting of periodic little-Hölder spaces, provided the coefficients of the differential operator satisfy minimal regularity assumptions.We address parameter-dependent elliptic equations, deriving invertibility and resolvent bounds which lead to results on generation of analytic semigroups. We also demonstrate that the techniques and results of the paper hold for elliptic differential operators with operator-valued coefficients, in the setting of vector-valued functions.

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Sweep, Step, Pulse, And Frequency-Based Techniques Applied To Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry At Nanoparticle Interfaces, Debbie S. Campbell-Rance, Tran T. Doan, Michael C. Leopold Nov 2011

Sweep, Step, Pulse, And Frequency-Based Techniques Applied To Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry At Nanoparticle Interfaces, Debbie S. Campbell-Rance, Tran T. Doan, Michael C. Leopold

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Protein monolayer electrochemistry (PME), a strategy using synthetic platforms to study the electron transfer (ET) properties of adsorbed proteins, has been successfully applied to proteins adsorbed at monolayer-protected gold cluster (MPCs) assembled films, an adsorption interface shown to be an effective alternative, compared to traditional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films, for the immobilization and study of ET proteins. Within PME studies, cyclic voltammetry (CV) remains the most commonly applied electrochemical technique in spite of several limitations that occur when the sweep technique is used at either platform. In particular, CV for PME at MPC films results in analysis complications stemming from …

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Optical And Electrochemical Properties Of Multi-Layer Polyelectrolyte Thin Films Incorporating Spherical, Gold Colloid Nanomaterials, Tran T. Doan, Robert W. Day, Michael C. Leopold Sep 2011

Optical And Electrochemical Properties Of Multi-Layer Polyelectrolyte Thin Films Incorporating Spherical, Gold Colloid Nanomaterials, Tran T. Doan, Robert W. Day, Michael C. Leopold

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films incorporating various types of spherical, gold nanomaterials (NMs) were investigated to assess the existence of electrochemical and/or optical signal enhancement effects directly attributable to embedded NMs and the relationship of these effects to film structure and composition. Specifically, electrostatically assembled films of cationic poly-L-lysine (PLL) and anionic poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) incorporating one of four types of spherical, gold colloid NMs were constructed on 3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (3-APTMS)-modified glass substrates for optical studies or 11-mercaptoundecanoic (MUA)-modified gold electrodes for electrochemical studies. The NMs inserted into the PEM films include citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles, thioctic acid-stabilized gold nanoparticles (TAS-NPs), MUA-modified monolayer …

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Synthesis Of N-Acyl-N,O-Acetals From N-Aryl Amides And Acetals In The Presence Of Tmsotf, C. Wade Downey, Alan S. Fleisher, James T. Rague, Chelsea L. Safran, Megan E. Venable, Robert D. Pike Sep 2011

Synthesis Of N-Acyl-N,O-Acetals From N-Aryl Amides And Acetals In The Presence Of Tmsotf, C. Wade Downey, Alan S. Fleisher, James T. Rague, Chelsea L. Safran, Megan E. Venable, Robert D. Pike

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Secondary amides undergo in situ silyl imidate formation mediated by TMSOTf and an amine base, followed by addition to acetal acceptors to provide N-acyl-N,O-acetals in good yields. An analogous, high-yielding reaction is observed with 2-mercaptothiazoline as the silyl imidate precursor. Competing reduction of the acetal to the corresponding methyl ether via transfer hydrogenation can be circumvented by the replacement of i-Pr2NEt with 2,6-lutidine under otherwise identical reaction conditions.

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Continuous Maximal Regularity And Analytic Semigroups, Jeremy Lecrone, Gieri Simonett Sep 2011

Continuous Maximal Regularity And Analytic Semigroups, Jeremy Lecrone, Gieri Simonett

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

In this paper we establish a result regarding the connection between continuous maximal regularity and generation of analytic semigroups on a pair of densely embedded Banach spaces. More precisely, we show that continuous maximal regularity for a closed operator A : E1 → E0 implies that A generates a strongly continuous analytic semigroup on E0 with domain equal E1.

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Comparing Hall Of Fame Baseball Players Using Most Valuable Player Ranks, Paul Kvam Jul 2011

Comparing Hall Of Fame Baseball Players Using Most Valuable Player Ranks, Paul Kvam

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

We propose a rank-based statistical procedure for comparing performances of top major league baseball players who performed in different eras. The model is based on using the player ranks from voting results for the most valuable player awards in the American and National Leagues. The current voting procedure has remained the same since 1932, so the analysis regards only data for players whose career blossomed after that time. Because the analysis is based on quantiles, its basis is nonparametric and relies on a simple link function. Results are stratified by fielding position, and we compare 73 Hall of Fame players …

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Arcade 2 Observations Of Galactic Radio Emission, A. Kogut, D. J. Fixsen, S. M. Levin, M. Limon, P. M. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, Jack Singal, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche Jun 2011

Arcade 2 Observations Of Galactic Radio Emission, A. Kogut, D. J. Fixsen, S. M. Levin, M. Limon, P. M. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, Jack Singal, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche

Physics Faculty Publications

We use absolutely calibrated data from the ARCADE 2 flight in 2006 July to model Galactic emission at frequencies 3, 8, and 10 GHz. The spatial structure in the data is consistent with a superposition of free–free and synchrotron emission. Emission with spatial morphology traced by the Haslam 408 MHz survey has spectral index βsynch = −2.5±0.1, with free–free emission contributing 0.10±0.01 of the total Galactic plane emission in the lowest ARCADE 2 band at 3.15 GHz. We estimate the total Galactic emission toward the polar caps using either a simple plane-parallel model with csc |b| dependence or a model …

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Arcade 2 Measurement Of The Absolute Sky Brightness At 3-90 Ghz, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. Levin, M. Limon, P. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, Jack Singal, E. Wollack, T. Villela, C. A. Wuensche Jun 2011

Arcade 2 Measurement Of The Absolute Sky Brightness At 3-90 Ghz, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. Levin, M. Limon, P. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, Jack Singal, E. Wollack, T. Villela, C. A. Wuensche

Physics Faculty Publications

The ARCADE 2 instrument has measured the absolute temperature of the sky at frequencies 3, 8, 10, 30, and 90 GHz, using an open-aperture cryogenic instrument observing at balloon altitudes with no emissive windows between the beam-forming optics and the sky. An external blackbody calibrator provides an in situ reference. Systematic errors were greatly reduced by using differential radiometers and cooling all critical components to physical temperatures approximating the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. A linear model is used to compare the output of each radiometer to a set of thermometers on the instrument. Small corrections are made for the …

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Interpretation Of The Arcade 2 Absolute Sky Brightness Measurement, M. Seiffert, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. M. Levin, M. Limon, P. M. Lubin, P. Mirel, Jack Singal, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche Jun 2011

Interpretation Of The Arcade 2 Absolute Sky Brightness Measurement, M. Seiffert, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. M. Levin, M. Limon, P. M. Lubin, P. Mirel, Jack Singal, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche

Physics Faculty Publications

We use absolutely calibrated data between 3 and 90 GHz from the 2006 balloon flight of the ARCADE 2 instrument, along with previous measurements at other frequencies, to constrain models of extragalactic emission. Such emission is a combination of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) monopole, Galactic foreground emission, the integrated contribution of radio emission from external galaxies, any spectral distortions present in the CMB, and any other extragalactic source. After removal of estimates of foreground emission from our own Galaxy, and an estimated contribution of external galaxies, we present fits to a combination of the flat-spectrum CMB and potential spectral …

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Surrogate Measurement Of The 238Pu(N,F) Cross Section, J. J. Ressler, J. T. Burke, J. Escher, C. Angell, M. S. Basunia, C. W. Beausang, L. A. Bernstein, D. L. Bleuel, R. J. Casperson, B. L. Goldblum, J. Gostic, R. Hatarik, R. Henderson, R. O. Hughes, J. Munson, L. Phair, T. J. Ross, N. D. Scielzo, E. Swanberg, I. Thompson, M. Wiedeking May 2011

Surrogate Measurement Of The 238Pu(N,F) Cross Section, J. J. Ressler, J. T. Burke, J. Escher, C. Angell, M. S. Basunia, C. W. Beausang, L. A. Bernstein, D. L. Bleuel, R. J. Casperson, B. L. Goldblum, J. Gostic, R. Hatarik, R. Henderson, R. O. Hughes, J. Munson, L. Phair, T. J. Ross, N. D. Scielzo, E. Swanberg, I. Thompson, M. Wiedeking

Physics Faculty Publications

The neutron-induced fission cross section of 238Pu was determined using the surrogate ratio method. The (n,f) cross section over an equivalent neutron energy range 5–20 MeV was deduced from inelastic α-induced fission reactions on 239Pu, with 235U(α,α′f) and 236U(α,α′f) used as references. These reference reactions reflect 234U(n,f) and 235U(n,f) yields, respectively. The deduced 238Pu(n,f) cross section agrees well with standard data libraries up to …

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Efficient Decomposition Of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Maps Into Pure E, Pure B, And Ambiguous Components., Emory F. Bunn Apr 2011

Efficient Decomposition Of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Maps Into Pure E, Pure B, And Ambiguous Components., Emory F. Bunn

Physics Faculty Publications

Separation of the B component of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization map from the much larger E component is an essential step in CMB polarimetry. For a map with incomplete sky coverage, this separation is necessarily hampered by the presence of ambiguous modes which could be either E or B modes. I present an efficient pixel-space algorithm for removing the ambiguous modes and separating the map into pure E and B components. The method, which works for arbitrary geometries, does not involve generating a complete basis of such modes and scales the cube of the number of pixels on …

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The Efficacy Of Galaxy Shape Parameters In Photometric Redshift Estimation: A Neural Network Approach, Jack Singal, M. Shmakova, B. Gerke, R. L. Griffith, J. Lotz Apr 2011

The Efficacy Of Galaxy Shape Parameters In Photometric Redshift Estimation: A Neural Network Approach, Jack Singal, M. Shmakova, B. Gerke, R. L. Griffith, J. Lotz

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a determination of the effects of including galaxy morphological parameters in photometric redshift estimation with an artificial neural network method. Neural networks, which recognize patterns in the information content of data in an unbiased way, can be a useful estimator of the additional information contained in extra parameters, such as those describing morphology, if the input data are treated on an equal footing. We use imaging and five band photometric magnitudes from the All-wavelength Extended Groth Strip International Survey. It is shown that certain principal components of the morphology information are correlated with galaxy type. However, we find …

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Rank One Perturbations Of Self-Adjoint Operators, Haoxuan Zheng Apr 2011

Rank One Perturbations Of Self-Adjoint Operators, Haoxuan Zheng

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Studies On Vinamidinium Salt Amine Exchange Reactions, Borohydride Reductions, And Subsequent Transformations, Xian Jia Apr 2011

Studies On Vinamidinium Salt Amine Exchange Reactions, Borohydride Reductions, And Subsequent Transformations, Xian Jia

Honors Theses

This research would not have been possible without the extraordinary guidance of Dr. John Gupton who I like to think of as the brains behind the operation. In addition, Dr. Nakul Telang, a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Gupton’s research lab, has provided great support, assistance and humor throughout my undergraduate research career. The other student members of the lab that I would like to recognize for their support and contribution to this project are Ben Giglio, James Eaton, Peter Barelli, Mona Hovaizi, Kayleigh Hall, Scott Welden, Kara Finzel. We also thank the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R15‐CA67236) for …

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Synthesis Of Indole Containing Pyrimidines, Kara Finzel Apr 2011

Synthesis Of Indole Containing Pyrimidines, Kara Finzel

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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The Arcade 2 Instrument, Jack Singal, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. Levin, M. Limon, P. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche Apr 2011

The Arcade 2 Instrument, Jack Singal, D. J. Fixsen, A. Kogut, S. Levin, M. Limon, P. Lubin, P. Mirel, M. Seiffert, T. Villela, E. Wollack, C. A. Wuensche

Physics Faculty Publications

The second generation Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE 2) instrument is a balloon-borne experiment to measure the radiometric temperature of the cosmic microwave background and Galactic and extragalactic emission at six frequencies from 3 to 90 GHz. ARCADE 2 utilizes a double-nulled design where emission from the sky is compared to that from an external cryogenic full-aperture blackbody calibrator by cryogenic switching radiometers containing internal blackbody reference loads. In order to further minimize sources of systematic error, ARCADE 2 features a cold fully open aperture with all radiometrically active components maintained at near 2.7 K without …

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Coherent Photoproduction Of Π+ From 3he, R. Nasseripour, Gerard P. Gilfoyle, Et. Al. Mar 2011

Coherent Photoproduction Of Π+ From 3he, R. Nasseripour, Gerard P. Gilfoyle, Et. Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

We have measured the differential cross section for the γ3He→ π+t reaction. This reaction was studied using the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. Real photons produced with the Hall-B bremsstrahlung tagging system in the energy range from 0.50 to 1.55 GeV were incident on a cryogenic liquid 3He target. The differential cross sections for the γ3He→ π+t reaction were measured as a function of photon-beam energy and pion-scattering angle. Theoretical predictions to date cannot explain the large cross sections except at backward angles, …

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Inverse Limits With Set Valued Functions, Van C. Nall Jan 2011

Inverse Limits With Set Valued Functions, Van C. Nall

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

We begin to answer the question of which continua can be homeomorphic to an inverse limit with a single upper semi-continuous bonding map from [O, 1) to 2(O,l). Several continua including (0, 1) x (0, 1) and all compact manifolds with dimension greater than one cannot be homeomorphic to such an inverse limit. It is also shown that if the upper semi-continuous bonding maps have only zero dimensional point values, then the dimension of the inverse limit does not exceed the dimension of the factor spaces.

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Adjusted Empirical Likelihood Models With Estimating Equations For Accelerated Life Tests, Ni Wang, Jye-Chyi Lu, Di Chen, Paul H. Kvam Jan 2011

Adjusted Empirical Likelihood Models With Estimating Equations For Accelerated Life Tests, Ni Wang, Jye-Chyi Lu, Di Chen, Paul H. Kvam

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

This article proposes an adjusted empirical likelihood estimation (AMELE) method to model and analyze accelerated life testing data. This approach flexibly and rigorously incorporates distribution assumptions and regression structures by estimating equations within a semiparametric estimation framework. An efficient method is provided to compute the empirical likelihood estimates, and asymptotic properties are studied. Real-life examples and numerical studies demonstrate the advantage of the proposed methodology.

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[Introduction To] Basic Statistical Tools For Improving Quality, Paul Kvam, Chang W. Kang Jan 2011

[Introduction To] Basic Statistical Tools For Improving Quality, Paul Kvam, Chang W. Kang

Bookshelf

This book is an introductory book on improving the quality of a process or a system, primarily through the technique of statistical process control (SPC). There are numerous technical manuals available for SPC, but this book differs in two ways: (1) the basic tools of SPC are introduced in a no-nonsense, simple, non-math manner, and (2) the methods can be learned and practiced in an uncomplicated fashion using free software (eZ SPC 2.0), which is available to all readers online as a downloadable product. The book explains QC7 Tools, control charts, and statistical analysis including basic design of experiments. Theoretical …

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A Green Board As A Climate-Change Imperative: Appointing A Climate-Change Expert To The Audit Committee, Porcher L. Taylor Iii, Harris L. Kay Jan 2011

A Green Board As A Climate-Change Imperative: Appointing A Climate-Change Expert To The Audit Committee, Porcher L. Taylor Iii, Harris L. Kay

School of Professional and Continuing Studies Faculty Publications

This article makes the innovative and timely case for a climate change imperative: a green board. Urgency is evident, with the arrival of "a fast-emerging new burden on board members to oversee their company's posture on climate change and to begin monitoring an area that, until now, has drawn scant attention in the boardroom."21 One major impetus for the proposal advocated in this Article is that there is apparently a dearth of green boards in corporate America.22 In contrast, European and Canadian companies appear to be at the vanguard of utilizing green boards.23

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Charge Saturation And Neutral Substitutions In Halomethanes And Their Group 14 Analogues, Bernard K. Wittmaack, Chad Crigger, Matthew Guarino, Kelling J. Donald Jan 2011

Charge Saturation And Neutral Substitutions In Halomethanes And Their Group 14 Analogues, Bernard K. Wittmaack, Chad Crigger, Matthew Guarino, Kelling J. Donald

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A computational analysis of the charge distribution in halomethanes and their heavy analogues (MH4-nXn: M= C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; X = F, Cl, Br, I) as a function of n uncovers a previously unidentified saturation limit for fluorides when M ≠ C. We examine the electron densities obtained at the CCSD, MP2(full), B3PW91, and HF levels of theory for 80 molecules for four different basis sets. A previously observed substituent independent charge at F in fluoromethanes is shown to be a move toward saturation that is restricted by the low polarizability of C. This limitation …

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Green Pricing, Mary Finley-Brook, Charles Kline Jan 2011

Green Pricing, Mary Finley-Brook, Charles Kline

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

Green pricing is commonly found in energy markets and finances environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional utilities. Interested customers pay an additional fee per kilowatt-hour to purchase clean energy from hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, solar, and biomass sources. Green power markets are still new, and to ensure quality and verify delivery, many utilities apply for certification from independent organizations. Renewable energy credits (RECs) are another method to assist utility companies in financing green energy investments. Although the REC purchaser does not directly buy electricity, REC sales may subsidize renewable energy production.

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Boldly Sustainable: Hope And Opportunity For Higher Education In The Age Of Climate Change (Book Review), Mary Finley-Brook, Breana Coleman, Kaitlan Lawrence Jan 2011

Boldly Sustainable: Hope And Opportunity For Higher Education In The Age Of Climate Change (Book Review), Mary Finley-Brook, Breana Coleman, Kaitlan Lawrence

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

Peter Bardaglio and Andrea Putman’s groundbreaking book, Boldly Sustainable, provides a powerful strategy for colleges and universities to achieve renewal and relevance in the 21st century through innovation, academic rigor, and pragmatism. The book combines a refreshingly optimistic message of hope and opportunity with an honest critique of higher education, highlighting the need for transformative change. Case study examples throughout the book show how sustainability initiatives can stimulate excellence in teaching and learning while also encouraging improvements in physical operations. With a broad range of cases from public and private institutions of various sizes and rankings, the authors convincingly …

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Stabilizing Carbon-Lithium Stars, Nancy Perez-Peralta, Maryel Contreras, William Tiznado, John Stewart, Kelling J. Donald, Gabriel Merino Jan 2011

Stabilizing Carbon-Lithium Stars, Nancy Perez-Peralta, Maryel Contreras, William Tiznado, John Stewart, Kelling J. Donald, Gabriel Merino

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We have explored in silico the potential energy surfaces of the C5Linn-6 (n = 5, 6, and 7) clusters using the Gradient Embedded Genetic Algorithm (GEGA) and other computational strategies. The most stable forms of C5Li5-- and C5Li6 are two carbon chains linked by two lithium atoms in a persistent seven membered ring capped by two Li atoms. The other Li atoms are arrayed on the edge of the seven membered ring. In contrast, the global minimum structure for C5Li7+ is a bicapped star …

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"We Are The Owners": Autonomy And Natural Resources In Northeastern Nicaragua, Mary Finley-Brook Jan 2011

"We Are The Owners": Autonomy And Natural Resources In Northeastern Nicaragua, Mary Finley-Brook

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

Although focused predominately on Miskitu politics, this chapter identifies various constraints to multi-ethnic self-determination, while noting barriers exist even among aid programs targeting political empowerment and community development. Nevertheless, I also explore examples of progress toward decentralization at regional and local levels regardless of an overall national context of political containment and economic exploitation.

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Crystallization And Preliminary X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis Of Ligand-Free And Arginine-Bound Forms Of Thermotoga Maritima Arginine-Binding Protein, Alessia Ruggiero, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Anna Pennacchio, Luisa Iozzion, Maria Staiano, Matthew S. Luchansky, Bryan S. Der, Rita Berisio, Sabato D'Auria, Luigi Vitagliano Jan 2011

Crystallization And Preliminary X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis Of Ligand-Free And Arginine-Bound Forms Of Thermotoga Maritima Arginine-Binding Protein, Alessia Ruggiero, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Anna Pennacchio, Luisa Iozzion, Maria Staiano, Matthew S. Luchansky, Bryan S. Der, Rita Berisio, Sabato D'Auria, Luigi Vitagliano

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The arginine-binding protein from Thermotoga maritima (TmArgBP) is an arginine-binding component of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system in this hyperthermophilic bacterium. This protein is endowed with an extraordinary stability towards thermal and chemical denaturation. Its structural characterization may provide useful insights for the clarification of structure– stability relationships and for the design of new biosensors. Crystallization trials were set up for both arginine-bound and ligand-free forms of TmArgBP and crystals suitable for crystallographic investigations were obtained for both forms. Ordered crystals of the arginine adduct of TmArgBP could only be obtained by using the detergent LDAO as an additive …

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Carbon Credits, Mary Finley-Brook, Curtis Thomas Jan 2011

Carbon Credits, Mary Finley-Brook, Curtis Thomas

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

A carbon credit is an allowance or offset equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide (C02) or other greenhouse gas (GHG) equivalent calculated in tons of C02. Carbon markets allow individuals, companies, or states to finance emissions reductions in other locations, for example, through projects that create or promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, or reforestation, as a means to lower their own carbon footprint. Trade of carbon credits within compliance and voluntary markets is a multibillion-dollar enterprise that makes up a cornerstone of international efforts to combat climate change. Buying and selling emissions allowances often means that mitigation can …

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Earth University (Costa Rica), Mary Finley-Brook, Caroline O'Rourke Jan 2011

Earth University (Costa Rica), Mary Finley-Brook, Caroline O'Rourke

Geography and the Environment Faculty Publications

EARTH is a private nonprofit international university located in the town of Guácimo in the province of Limón, a lowland region in the east of Costa Rica. EARTH derives its acronym from the Spanish title Escuela de Agricultura de la Región Tropical Húmeda (Agricultural School of the Humid Tropical Region). The W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Costa Rican government worked with other national and international agencies to create this unique university in the mid-1980s. The higher education initiative emerged from recognition that unsustainable agricultural practices were damaging and straining soil, water, forest, biological, …

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