Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Modelling Uncertainty Caused By Internal Waves On The Accuracy Of Mbes, Travis Hamilton, Jonathan Beaudoin

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A 3D ray tracing model has been developed to estimate the effects of internal waves upon the accuracy of multibeam echosounders (MBES). A case study examines the variability in these effects as a function of survey line direction and also considers the case of improving 2D ray tracing models with wave parameters derived from MBES water column imagery. Results indicate that, under certain circumstances, the effects of internal waves can prove to be a significant source of uncertainty that detracts from the ability to efficiently map the seafloor with wide swath angles.

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruises To Map Sections Of The Mariana Trench And The Eastern And Southern Insular Margins Of Guam And The Northern Mariana Islands, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruises to map sections of the Mariana Trench and the eastern and southern insular margins of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands

CRUISE SU10-1

Leg 1: August 6 to September, 2010

Apra Harbor, Guam to Apra Harbor, Guam

R/V Thompson Em302 Sat -- Cruise Report, Jonathan Beaudoin, Val E. Schmidt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Correction Of Bathymetric Survey Artifacts Resulting From Apparent Wave-Induced Vertical Position Of An Auv, Val E. Schmidt, Nicole A. Raineault, Adam Skarke, Arthur Trembanis, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Recent increases in the capability and reliability of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have provided the opportunity to conduct bathymetric seafloor surveys in shallow water (< 50 m). Unfortunately, surveys of this water depth may contain artifacts induced by large amplitude wave motion at the surface. The artifacts occur when an onboard pressure sensor determines the depth of the AUV. Waves overhead induce small pressure fluctuations at depth, which modulate the AUV’s pressure sensor output without causing actual vertical movement of the AUV. Since bathymetric measurements are made with respect to the AUV’s depth, these pressure fluctuations, in turn, modulate the measurement of the seafloor. The result is a periodic across-track, vertical offset of the seafloor profile (similar to a heave artifact sometimes common in surface vessel surveys). In this paper we describe our experience with the “Gavia” model AUV (Hafmynd EHF, Iceland) in a recent bathymetric survey during which wave action overhead induced such an artifact with a peak-to-peak amplitude as large as 1 meter. A method for removing the artifact as well as recommendations for modifications to the sonar, INS and AUV to mitigate the effect in the future are provided.

Acquisizione Magnetica Marina Dell'alto Strutturale Del Mt. Vercelli (Mar Tirreno Centrale) E Del Golfo Di Napoli: Descrizione Dei Rilievi E Primi Risultati, L. Cocchi, F. Muccini, C. Carmisciano, R. Vagni, Giuseppe Masetti

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Durante la Campagna Oceanografica Ver2010, effettuata nel mese di maggio 2010, sono stati acquisiti due set di dati geomagnetici marini in alta risoluzione relativi alle aree del Mt. Vercelli (Mar Tirreno Centrale) e del Golfo di Napoli. Tale attività di misura è stata resa possibile grazie alla collaborazione tecnica scientifica tra l’Unità di Progetto “Geofisica e Tecnologie Marine” dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) e l’Istituto Idrografico della Marina (IIM). La proficua collaborazione è sancita dall’accordo di cooperazione “Co.Na.Ge.M” (Coordinamento Nazionale per la Geofisica Marina). Nello specifico, i due rilievi sono stati svolti mediante l’impiego della Nave Idro-oceanografica “Aretusa”, …

Real-Time Monitoring Of Uncertainty Due To Refraction In Multibeam Echo Sounding, Jonathan Beaudoin

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A software toolkit has been developed to objectively monitor uncertainty due to refraction in multibeam echosounding, specifically mapping systems that employ underway sound speed profiling hardware. The toolkit relies on the use of a raytrace simulator which mimics the sounding geometry of any given echosounder, specifically array type, angular sector, draft, and availability of a surface sound speed probe. The simulator works by objectively comparing a pair of consecutively collected sound speed profiles and reporting sounding uncertainty across the entire potential sounding space. Realtime visualizations of the uncertainty as a function of time and space allow the operator to tune …

High Resolution Calibration Of A Multibeam Echo Sounder, Carlo Lanzoni, Thomas C. Weber

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Calibration can greatly increase the utility of collecting seafloor backscattering strength with multibeam echo sounders (MBES). A calibration procedure to determine high resolution, three dimensional transmit and receive beam patterns of a Reson SeaBat 7125 MBES was performed using the fresh water calibration tank at the University of New Hampshire. The measurements employed an omni-directional Reson TC4034 projector/hydrophone as a reference transducer at an acoustic distance of 13 m. The multibeam sonar system was configured for 256 beams equi-angle mode and operating frequency of 396 kHz. The transmit beam pattern was computed for across-track angular range between +/–90o in 0.1o …

Geodatabase Development To Support Hyperspectral Imagery Exploitation, Robert A. Fusina, John C. Fry, C Reid Nichols, Charles M. Bachmann, Rong-Rong Li, Jon Sellars, Christopher Parrish, Marcos J. Montes, Carl Gross, Stephen A. White, Krista Lee, Christopher A. Jones

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Geodatabase development for coastal studies conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is essential to support the exploitation of hyperspectral imagery (HSI). NRL has found that the remote sensing and mapping science community benefits from coastal classifications that group coastal types based on similar features. Selected features in project geodatabases relate to significant biological and physical forces that shape the coast. The project geodatabases help researchers understand factors that are necessary for imagery post processing, especially those features having a high degree of temporal and spatial variability. NRL project geodatabases include a hierarchy of environmental factors that extend from shallow …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Southern Flank Of The Kingman Reef-Palmyra Atoll Section Of The Line Islands, Equatorial Pacific Ocean, James V. Gardner, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea Cruise to Map the Southern Flank of the Kingman Reef-Palmyra Atoll section of the Line Islands, Equatorial Pacific Ocean CRUISE KM1009 May 17, to June 16, 2010 Pago Pago, American Samoa to Honolulu, HI

Hydrographic Products/Services As A Fundamental Component Of The E-Navigation Concept Of Operation, Lee Alexander, Robert Ward

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

e-Navigation is a recent initiative aimed at moving traditional maritime navigation towards a connected digital environment. Defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as “the harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of maritime information onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance birth-to-birth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment”, e-Navigation is not a new system of equipment but more an operational concept. Three significant outcomes are envisioned: 1) Shipboard navigation systems will benefit from the integration of own ship sensors, supporting information, standard user interface, and a comprehensive system …

Application Of Jpeg 2000 Wavelet Compression To Multibeam Echosounder Mid-Water Acoustic Refectivity Measurements, Jonathan Beaudoin

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

New Approaches For Evaluating Lidar-Derived Shoreline, Christopher Parrish, Stephen A. White, Brian R. Calder, Shachak Pe'eri, Yuri Rzhanov

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

This study presents and compares two new methods of assessing the uncertainty of lidar-derived National Shoreline mapped by NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey: an empirical (ground-based) approach and a stochastic (Monte Carlo) approach. OCIS codes: (280.3640) Lidar; (120.2830) Height measurements; (000.4430) Numerical approximation and analysis

Simulating An Airborne Lidar Bathymetry (Alb) System, Shachak Pe'eri, Amaresh M. Kumar, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

This study’s focus is on the horizontal and vertical uncertainties associated with ALB measurements due to scattering through the water column. A lidar simulator was constructed and we present its design and preliminary results.

Seamless Online Distribution Of Amundsen Multibeam Data, James Muggah, Ian Church, Jonathan Beaudoin, John E. Hughes Clarke

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Since 2003, all underway multibeam and sub-bottom data from the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen has been posted online within approximately six months of the end of each cruise. A custom interface allowing the user to access 15' latitude by 30' longitude mapsheets was implemented in 2006, allowing the user to download the bathymetric and backscatter data at 10 metre resolution. While this interface matched the underlying data management scheme implemented at the University of New Brunswick, the zoom and pan capability was at a fixed scale with limited contextual data. In the past few years, with the introduction of …

Modeling The Effect Of Oceanic Internal Waves On The Accuracy Of Multibeam Echosounders, Travis Hamilton, Jonathan Beaudoin

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

When ray bending corrections are applied to multibeam echosounder (MBES) data, it is assumed that the varying layers of sound speed lie along horizontally stratified planes. In many areas internal waves occur at the interface where the water’s density changes abruptly (a pycnocline), this density gradient is often associated with a strong gradient in sound speed (a velocline). The internal wave introduces uncertainty into the echo soundings through two mechanisms: (1) tilting of the velocline, and (2) vertical oscillation of the velocline’s depth. A model has been constructed in order to examine how these effects degrade the accuracy of MBES …

4d Multimodal Visualization And Analysis Of Seafloor Vents And Plumes, Maurice Doucet, Mark Paton, James V. Gardner, Jens Greinert

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

New Standards For Providing Meteorological And Hydrographic Information Via Ais Application-Specific Messages, Lee Alexander, Schwehr Kurt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

AIS Application-specific messages transmitted in binary format will be increasingly used to digitally communicate maritime safety/security information between participating vessels and shore stations. This includes time-sensitive meteorological and hydrographic information that is critical for safe vessel transits and efficient ports/waterways management. IMO recently completed a new Safety-of-Navigation Circular (SN/Circ.) that includes a number of meteorologi-cal and hydrographic message applications and data parameters. In conjunction with the development of a new SN/Circ., IMO will establish an International Application (IA) Register for AIS Application-Specific Messages. IALA plans to establish a similar register for regional appli-cations. While there are no specific standards for …

Establishing A Regional Ais Application Specific Message Register, Lee Alexander, Kurt Schwehr, R Zetterberg

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The goal of the Regional AIS Application Specific Message Register is to provide awareness of what applications exist, facilitate harmonization, and promote proper binary messaging for regional applications. To be hosted on the IALA website, establishing the Register will be a 3-step process: 1) Compile all existing AIS binaries into a Jcollection.K 2) Convert the JcollectionK into a Register. 3) Develop IALA guidance on best practices for creating and using AIS Binary Messages. Recommendations are provided in regard to: - Benefit of a web-based HTML user interface for input/output. - Use of XML to organize/format register applications in a consistent …

Marine Benthic Habitat Mapping Of Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park And Preserve, Alaska With An Evaluation Of The Coastal And Marine Ecological Classification Standard Iii, Luke D. Mitchell, Guy R. Cochrane, Lisa Etherington, Ross D. Powell, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Seafloor geology and potential benthic habitats were mapped in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, using multibeam sonar, ground-truth information, and geological interpretations. Muir Inlet is a recently deglaciated fjord that is under the influence of glacial and paraglacial marine processes. High glacially derived sediment and meltwater fluxes, slope instabilities, and variable bathymetry result in a highly dynamic estuarine environment and benthic ecosystem. We characterize the fjord seafloor and potential benthic habitats using the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) recently developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NatureServe. Substrates within Muir Inlet …

Blue Carbon: The Role Of Healthy Oceans In Binding Carbon, Christian Nellemann, Emily Corcoran, Carlos M. Duarte, Cassandra De Young, Luciano E. Fonseca, Gabriel Grimsdith

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Bathymetric Attributed Grids (Bags): Discovery Of Marine Datasets And Geospatial Metadata Visualization, Kurt Schwehr, Andy Armstrong, Rick T. Brennan, David Fischman, Jon Sellars, Shep M. Smith Lt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.