Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Relationship Of Marine Information Overlays (Mios) To Current/Future Iho Standards, Lee Alexander, Michael Huet

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Ais Binary Messages, Domain Examples And A Case For A Xml Message Definition Language, Schwehr Kurt

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Encoding Ais Binary Messages In Xml Format For Providing Hydrographic-Related Information, Schwehr Kurt, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A specification is proposed to enable hydrographic and maritime safety agencies to encode AIS messages using Extensible Markup Language (XML). It specifies the order, length, and type of fields contained in ITU-R.M.1371-1. A XML schema validates the message definitions, and a XSLT style sheet produces reference documentation in 'html' format. AIS binary messages in XML are an effective means to communicate dynamic and real-time port/waterway information. For example, tidal information can be continuously broadcast to maritime users and applied to a "tide-aware" ENC. The XML format aligns with the type of data encapsulation planned for the IHO Geospatial Standard for …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The U.S. Arctic Ocean Margin. Cruise Report For 2007, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

USCGC Icebreaker Healy (WAGB-20) U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the US Arctic Ocean margin

CRUISES HE-0703

August 17 to September 15, 2007

Barrow, AK to Barrow, AK

Marine Ship Automatic Identification System (Ais) For Enhanced Coastal Security Capabilities: An Oil Spill Tracking Application, Kurt Schwehr, Philip A. Mcgillivary

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

National and international trade via shipping is already significant, and expected to continue increasing rapidly over the next decade. Both more ships and larger ships will contribute to this trade, includingships from countries with less rigorous shipping maintenance and inspection standards than the United States, and less strict pollution monitoring regulations. Changes in ship traffic management protocols have been implemented in recent years in the U.S. to minimize damage to coastlines, particularly near sensitive or protected marine environments. For example, to reduce risk to coastal resources off central California, shipping lanes for larger vessels were moved further offshore to allow …

Acoustic Positioning And Tracking In Portsmouth Harbour, New Hampshire, Michelle Weirathmueller, Thomas C. Weber, Val E. Schmidt, Glenn Mcgillicuddy, Larry A. Mayer, Lloyd C. Huff

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire, is frequently used as a testing area for multibeam and sidescan sonars, and is the location of numerous ground-truthing studies. Having the ability to accurately position underwater sensors is an important aspect of this type of work. However, underwater positioning in Portsmouth Harbor is challenging. It is relatively shallow, approximately one kilometer wide with depths of less than 25 meters. There is mixing between fresh river water and seawater, which is intensified by high currents and strong tides. This causes a very complicated spatial and temporal sound speed structure. Solutions that use the time-of-arrival of an …

Enhancement Of Underwater Video Mosaics For Post-Processing, Yuri Rzhanov, Fan Gu

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Mosaics of seafloor created from still images or video acquired underwater have proved to be useful for construction of maps of forensic and archeological sites, species' abundance estimates, habitat characterization, etc. Images taken by a camera mounted on a stable platform are registered (at first pair-wise and then globally) and assembled in a high resolution visual map of the surveyed area. While this map is usually sufficient for a human orientation and even quantitative measurements, it often contains artifacts that complicate an automatic post-processing (for example, extraction of shapes for organism counting, or segmentation for habitat characterization). The most prominent …

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The Florida Escarpment And Sigsbee Escarpment, Northern Gulf Of Mexico Continental Marg. Cruise Report, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the Florida Escarpment and Sigsbee Escarpment, northern Gulf of Mexico continental margin

CRUISE NR07-1

Mobile, AL to Mobile, AL

June 21, 2007 to July 8, 2007

Future Impacts Of Fresh Water Resource Management: Sensitivity Of Coastal Deltas, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Jason P. Ericson, S Lawrence Dingman, Larry G. Ward

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

We present an assessment of contemporary and future effective sealevel rise (ESLR) using a sample of 40 deltas distributed worldwide. For any delta, ESLR is a net rate defined by eustatic sea-level rise, natural gross rates of fluvial sediment deposition and subsidence, and accelerated subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon extraction. Present-day ESLR, estimated from geospatial data and a simple model of deltaic dynamics, ranges from 0.5 to 12.5 mm year-1. Reduced accretion of fluvial sediment from upstream siltation of reservoirs and freshwater consumptive irrigation losses are primary determinants of ESLR in nearly 70% of the deltas, while for only …

Exploiting Full-Waveform Lidar Data And Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis For Vertical Object Detection And Recognition, Christopher Parrish

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A current challenge in performing airport obstruction surveys using airborne lidar is lack of reliable, automated methods for extracting and attributing vertical objects from the lidar data. This paper presents a new approach to solving this problem, taking advantage of the additional data provided byfull-waveform systems. The procedure entails first deconvolving and georeferencing the lidar waveformdata to create dense, detailed point clouds in which the vertical structure of objects, such as trees, towers, and buildings, is well characterized. The point clouds are then voxelized to produce high-resolution volumes of lidar intensity values, and a 3D wavelet decomposition is computed. Verticalobject …

Linking Images And Sound In A 3d Museum Exhibit Demonstration, Briana M. Sullivan, Colin Ware, Matthew D. Plumlee

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Clustering Acoustic Backscatter In The Angular Response Space, Luciano E. Fonseca, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Backscatter mosaicking is a necessary step in the analysis and interpretation of sidescan and multibeam sonar records. However, due to limitations intrinsic to the mosaicking technique, backscatter mosaics are restricted in their capacity to unambiguously discriminate seafloor properties. A more adequate technique to characterize the seafloor is the analysis of backscatter angular responses, since those responses are intrinsic properties of the seafloor. This technique sometimes lacks spatial resolution, however, as the analysis is limited to the swath width of the sonar. In this paper, we propose an approach to combine mosaicking and angular response analysis techniques in an attempt to …

Integrating Imagery From Hull Mounted Sidescan Sonars With Multibeam Bathymetry, F Pohner, J Bakke, O Nilsen, T Kjaer, Luciano E. Fonseca

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Multibeam echo sounders produce high quality bathymetric data, however, for acoustic imaging their alongtrack beamwidth is much wider than what is used on conventional sidescan sonars, so the imagery produced by sidescan sonars are of a better quality and are often preferred. A hullmounted combination instrument package that integrates both the accurate multibeam bathymetry and the high resolution sidescan imagery is an attractive and relatively low cost solution for detailed surveys of harbors, canals, rivers and other shallow areas. Especially in these shallow water areas the sidescan sonar benefits from being hull mounted rather than towed, since this arrangement is …

Tide Aware Enc: Demonstration Of An Operational Concept, Rick T. Brennan, Barry Gallagher, Jack Riley, Schwehr Kurt, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Google Earth Visualizations: Preview And Delivery Of Hydrographic And Other Marine Datasets, Kurt Schwehr, Briana M. Sullivan, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Existing hydrographic data analysis and visualization tools are very powerful, but lack easy access to web data management tools. Virtual globe software provides a gateway to a host of important data products in formats usable by specialized tools such as CARIS, Fledermaus, and Arc/Info. With virtual globe interfaces, users see complimentary and consistent geographic representations of available data in an easy-tonavigate format. We present a preview of visualizations that build upon virtual globe software. These examples are viewed in Google Earth, but could also be implemented in a number of alternative programs (e.g. NASA World Wind, Dapple, OSSIM Planet). We …

Lidar As A Shoreline Mapping Tool, Shachak Pe'eri, C. W. Morgan, William D. Philpot, G Guenther, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Marine Heritage Monitoring With High Resolution Survey Tools: Scapamap 2001-2006, Brian R. Calder, Bobby Forbes, Duncan Mallace

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Archaeologically, marine sites can be just as significant as those on land. Until recently, however, they were not protected in the UK to the same degree, leading to degradation of sites; the difficulty of investigating such sites still makes it problematic and expensive to properly describe, schedule and monitor them. Use of conventional high-resolution survey tools in an archaeological context is changing the economic structure of such investigations however, and it is now possible to remotely but routinely monitor the state of submerged cultural artifacts. Use of such data to optimize expenditure of expensive and rare assets (e.g., divers and …

Application Of High-Precision Timing Systems To Distributed Survey Systems, Brian R. Calder, Rick T. Brennan, C Malzone, J Marcus, Peter Canter

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In any hydrographic survey system that consists of more than one computer, one of the most difficult integration problems is to ensure that all components maintain a coherent sense of time. Since virtually all modern survey systems are of this type, timekeeping and synchronized timestamping of data as it is created is of significant concern. This paper describes a method for resolving this problem based on the IEEE 1588 Precise Time Protocol (PTP) implemented by hardware devices, layered with some custom software called the Software Grandmaster (SWGM) algorithm. This combination of hardware and software maintains a coherent sense of time …

Proposed Ais Binary Message Format Using Xml For Providing Hydrographic-Related Information, Schwehr Kurt, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

UNH is working with the USCG and NOAA to use XML (Extensible Markup Language) to define binary messages for maritime-based AIS (Automatic Identification System). A draft specification format is under development that will enable hydrographic and maritime safety agencies to encode AIS message contents by providing a bit-level description in XML (informally known the "AIS Binary Message Decoder Ring"). An AIS binary message definition in XML specifies the order, length, and type of fields following a subset of that used by the ITU-R.M.1371-1. The specification is independent of programming language (e.g., can be implemented in C, C++, C#, Java, Python, …

High Resolution Mapping In Support Of Unclos Article 76: Seeing The Seafloor With New Eyes, James V. Gardner, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Since 2003, the Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has been conducting multibeam mapping of many U.S. continental margins in areas where there is a potential for an extended continental shelf as defined under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. UNH was directed by Congress, through funding by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, to map the bathymetry in areas in the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Northwest Atlantic, northern Gulf of Mexico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll …

Development Of Iho S-100: The New Iho Geospatial Standard For Hydrographic Data, Lee Alexander, Michael Brown, Barrie Greenslade, Anthony Pharaoh

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Multi-Algorithm Swath Consistency Detection For Multibeam Echosounder Data, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

It is unrealistic to expect that any single algorithm for pre-filtering Multibeam Echosounder data will be able to detect all of the “noise" in such data all of the time. This paper therefore presents a scheme for fusing the results of many pre-filtering sub-algorithms in order to form one, significantly more robust, meta-algorithm. This principle is illustrated on the problem of consistency detection in regions of sloping bathymetry. We show that the meta-algorithm is more robust, adapts dynamically to sub-algorithm performance, and is consistent with operator assessment of the data. The meta-algorithm is called the Multi-Algorithm Swath Consistency Detector.

Assessing Bottom Gear Impact In The Wgom Closure Area: A Multifaceted Approach, Mashkoor A. Malik, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Mashkoor Malik presented the results of a UNH Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (CCOM) study of the seafloor of the WGOMCA.

Objectives The objectives for the CCOM study were to:

• Construct a bathymetric map of Jeffrey’s Ledge to serve as a framework for subsequent studies.

• Test the potential use of multibeam sonar to monitor fishing gear impacts.

• Determine if it is possible to observe closure impacts with multibeam sonar.

Cube User's Manual, Brian R. Calder, David E. Wells

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

The Wend Concept For Worldwide Enc Database - Past Or Future? A Review Of Progress And A Look To The Future, Horst Hecht, Abri Kampfer, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

A Surprise Occurrence In Acoustic Bottom Backscatter Measurements Conducted In The Eastern Bering Sea, Lloyd C. Huff, Luciano E. Fonseca

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Acoustic backscatter measurements at different frequencies were made in the eastern Bering Sea in August 2006 from the NOAA Ship Fairweather. The measurements consisted of approximately 2,250 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 100 kHz RESON model 8111; 2,250 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 40 kHz Reson model 8160; 750 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 455 kHz Klein model 5410; and 750 nm of trackline acoustic backscatter data from a 180 kHz pre-production Klein model 7180. The two Klein systems were each towed SW-NE once along the same specified 750 nm of …

European - North American - Russian Federation Inland Enc Harmonization Group, Anthony R. Niles, Bernd Birklhuber, Lee Alexander, Peter Kluytenaar, Vladimir Sekachev

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

In 2003, the Inland ENC Harmonization Group (IEHG) was formed to agree upon specifications for Inland ENCs that are suitable for all known Inland ENC data requirements for safe and efficient navigation in European and North American inland waterways and rivers. In 2004, the IEHG expanded to include Russian Federation. It is expected that South America will join IEHG in the near future. The overall framework for international Inland ENC standards includes: - Use IHO S-57 Edition 3.1 ‘maritime’ ENC Product Specification, where applicable. - A minimum Inland ENC Product Specification that includes mandatory requirements for safety-of-navigation on inland waterways, …

Ais Binary Message Format Using Xml To Provide Hydrographic-Related Information, Kurt Schwehr, Lee Alexander

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.