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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Drc-1339 And Drc-2698 Residues In Starlings: Preliminary Evaluation Of Their Effects On Secondary Hazard Potential, D. J. Cunningham, E. W. Schafer Jr., L. K. Mcconnell
Drc-1339 And Drc-2698 Residues In Starlings: Preliminary Evaluation Of Their Effects On Secondary Hazard Potential, D. J. Cunningham, E. W. Schafer Jr., L. K. Mcconnell
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
DRC-1339 (3-chloro-4-methylbenzenamine HCI) is the active ingredient in Starlicide Complete, a commercial bait used to control starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at animal feedlots throughout the U.S. Because of the recent widespread use of this product, par- ticularly within the wintering range of many raptors, they and other avian or mammalian scavenger or predator species may be exposed to large numbers of dead or dying star- lings and blackbirds (Icteridae) throughout the winter roosting season (November-March). Acute toxicity data are available for five species of raptors and a number of mammals indicating that DRC-1339 or its primary toxic metabolite DRC-2698 (N-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) acetamide, …
The Attractiveness Of Shredded Garbage To Gulls And Other Avian Species Potentially Hazardous To Aircraft, Dennis M. Forsythe
The Attractiveness Of Shredded Garbage To Gulls And Other Avian Species Potentially Hazardous To Aircraft, Dennis M. Forsythe
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The bird-aircraft strike hazard is a world-wide problem resulting in human fatalities and aircraft damage. Although the exact cost of bird damage is difficult to obtain, United States Air Force losses are estimated at over $10 million per year (Harrison 1976). Collisions between birds and aircrafts occur either enroute or when planes are landing or taking off at airports. Most of these collisions are due to large flocks of birds attracted to the vicinity by food, shelter, or water (Solman 1971). Solid waste disposal sites are an abundant food source for many hazardous bird species, especially gulls and blackbirds; and …
Review Of Avian Mortality Due To Collisions With Manmade Structures, Michael L. Avery
Review Of Avian Mortality Due To Collisions With Manmade Structures, Michael L. Avery
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Birds have undoubtedly been colliding with manmade structures ever since humans started building things skyward. The earliest documented instances of collision mortali- ty in this country are from the late 1800's (Coues 1876, Merriam 1885) and the problems continue unabated today. The total avian mortality due to collisions with manmade obstacles is probably greater every year as buildings, towers, chimneys, overhead power lines, and other structures are erected in ever-increasing numbers. Weir (1976) provides an excellent review of bird migration, weather, and collision mortality associated with various types of structures.
The biological significance of collision mortality to any species is …
Response Of Birds To Raptor Models, Michael R. Conover
Response Of Birds To Raptor Models, Michael R. Conover
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Today, more than ever, there is an increasing need for non-lethal methods to effec- tively control crop depredation by birds. One such method, involving the use of fear- provoking stimuli, has been used since ancient times but often with little success. If fear-provoking stimuli are to be improved, we must identify those features that are most effective and incorporate these into scare devices. Models of raptors are promising fear-provoking stimuli (Rowe 1971, Brown 1974, Messersmith 1975, Blokpoel 1976). Unfortunately, birds usually habituate to these models rather quickly. More efficient models have not been devised, in part because of the lack …
Astm - Bird Control Testing Standards, Edward W. Schafer Jr.
Astm - Bird Control Testing Standards, Edward W. Schafer Jr.
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Most of you are familiar by now with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and the activities of its Subcommittee E35.17 on Vertebrate Pesticides. ASTM's primary business is that of assisting nonpaid, technical volunteers in developing consensus testing standards in a large number of fields. Most of these testing standards or test methods detail how to conduct specific evaluations of a product, or components of a product, based on the best and most current technology available. Consequently, many of these testing standards are used by government or industry for quality control or for regulatory operations and decisions. ASTM subcommittee …
Effective Use Of Sound To Repel Birds From Industrial Waste Ponds, Lee R. Martin
Effective Use Of Sound To Repel Birds From Industrial Waste Ponds, Lee R. Martin
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Birds are not normally attracted to waste ponds as a food source but, rather, as a place to loaf or rest. This is why sound patterns designed to affect bird behavior act as an effective deterrent to birds in these less attractive sites. The number and species of local or resident birds that frequent the site depend upon the degree of suitability found during their first visit. They can often be discouraged from using a waste pond by eliminating or reducing nearby roosting, loafing, nesting sites, and preferred food sources. Migratory birds present a different problem in that as they …
Cooling Towers As Obstacles In Bird Migrations, Manfred Temme, William B. Jackson
Cooling Towers As Obstacles In Bird Migrations, Manfred Temme, William B. Jackson
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Tall, man-made structures, such as radio and television towers, monuments, smoke stacks, light houses and other buildings, are known to be lethal obstructions to migrating birds. Not only the tower itself, but the associated guy and electrical wires may cause injury or death to birds, especially the nocturnal migrants. A vast number of mortality reports have already emerged across the country, indicating the seriousness and extent of this problem. Tall TV towers seem to be the most hazardous to avian migrants, causing losses up to 2000 birds in several nights during fall migration in Florida (Stevensen 1956, 1958). Dur- ing …
Public Health Problems: Tge, P. M. Gough, J. W. Beyer, R. D. Jorgenson
Public Health Problems: Tge, P. M. Gough, J. W. Beyer, R. D. Jorgenson
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is one of the five major diseases of concern to pork producers. The virus that causes the disease has an affinity for absorptive epithelial cells of the villi of the small intestine, primarily the jejunum. Infected cells are sloughed off, and the loss of absorptive activity results in salt imbalance, hyperkalemia, and dehydration in the pig. Death occurs in 60 to 100% of the diseased infant pigs. Two forms of TGE exist in the United States: an enzootic form that has only recently been recognized as a serious problem, and an epidemic form that was first identified …
Summary Of Methiocarb Trials Against Pest Birds In Senegal, Richard L. Bruggers
Summary Of Methiocarb Trials Against Pest Birds In Senegal, Richard L. Bruggers
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Several species of granivorous birds are responsible for damage to cereal crops in Senegal. Palearctic migrants, such as ruffs (Philomachus pugnax), godwits (Limosa limosa), and waterfowl damage newly sown rice seed or germinating plants. The main pests to ripening cereals are the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea), black-headed weavers (Ploceus melanocephalus), village weavers (P. cucullatus), and golden sparrows (Passer luteus). Starlings (Lamprotornis chalybaeus), bishops (Euplectes spp.), parakeets (Psittacula kramerii), and doves (Streptopelia spp.), are often locally abundant pests. The communal roosting and nesting habits of only two of these approximately 10 species, quelea and golden sparrows, makes them susceptible to the …
Late-Summer Feeding Patterns Of Red-Winged Blackbirds In A Sunflower-Growing Area Of North Dakota, Jerome F. Besser, William J. Berg, C. Edward Knittle
Late-Summer Feeding Patterns Of Red-Winged Blackbirds In A Sunflower-Growing Area Of North Dakota, Jerome F. Besser, William J. Berg, C. Edward Knittle
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
During August and September in 1977 and 1978, we monitored the feeding patterns of radio-equipped, male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and associated blackbird flocks in the vicinity of Fuller’s Lake Waterfowl Production Area in Steele County in east-central North Dakota. Fuller’s Lake, a cattail marsh of about 1,000 acres (405 ha), serves as the main roosting area for a blackbird assemblage that, for the past seven years in late summer, has numbered from 100,000 in wet years to more than 750,000 in dry years. Sunflower is an important crop in the Fuller’s Lake area, being grown on about 20 percent …
An Evaluation Of 4-Aminopyridine For Dispersing Winter Blackbird Roosts In Colorado, John L. Cummings
An Evaluation Of 4-Aminopyridine For Dispersing Winter Blackbird Roosts In Colorado, John L. Cummings
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often establish large winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of economic, public health, and nuisance reasons. Several techniques are available for alleviating roost problems, including habitat manipulation, roost dispersal with mechanical and pyrotechnic devices (Mott et al 1978), and, where necessary, direct population reduction (DeGrazio 1964). These techniques, however, have limitations due to weather, roost accessibility, logistics, and adverse public reaction. In the past, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has been used effectively as a bird-frightening agent in agricultural crops (Besser 1976), but until now has not been adequately tested for its effectiveness as …
Attitudes Of Canadians Toward The Control Of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Robert G. Clark, Rodger D. Titman, J. Roger Bider
Attitudes Of Canadians Toward The Control Of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Robert G. Clark, Rodger D. Titman, J. Roger Bider
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Each year across Canada, millions of dollars of damage to agricultural crops can be attributed to vertebrate pests. Estimates for 1975 indicated that approximately $240,000,000 damage was incurred by agricultural pests (Solman et al. 1975). Worldwide impact of these pests must certainly be staggering, especially during the current trend of rising production costs and demand for food. In Canada and the United States, pest control programs may be attacked by increaseingly active and vocal environmental groups. Recently, the killing of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Kentucky and Tennessee evoked strong objection (Graham 1976, 1978; Jackson 1976). As a …
An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams
An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Large aggregations of birds concentrating around livestock feedyards during fall and winter months have been a common occurrence in many parts of the country (Besser et al. 1968; Dolbeer et al. 1978; Levingston 1967; Palmer 1976; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1976). Extensive utilization of livestock feedyards by these flocking birds has been reported to result in economic losses to the feedyard operator due to feed consumption. In Colorado, seasonal feed losses to starlings obtaining 50% of their daily food at feedlots were calculated to be $84 per 1,000 birds; seasonal losses to red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) obtaining 10% of …
Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili
Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
In this open discussion session, led by Jim Steckel, a variety of topics and problems of particular interest to PCOs are touched upon. A tape was made during the program, then a transcript prepared. The following edited text follows the flow of questions and comments through the session.
Bird Control And Endangered Species, Denis S. Case
Bird Control And Endangered Species, Denis S. Case
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The potential exists for a conflict to occur between endangered species and almost any type of human endeavor. Detrimental effects on endangered species are possible even as a result of efforts to benefit other endangered species. The types of possible conflicts range from potential problems that are easily solved in early planning processes to major brouhahas involving nearly every conceivable agency and party. Relative to bird control, it is important to understand the true magnitude of the situa- tion and to develop a factual perspective. According to Ziswiler (1967), 169 species and subspecies of birds have become extinct since the …
A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb
A Report On Efficacy Of Methiocarb As An Avian Repellent In Figs And Results Of Industry-Wide Bird Damage Assessments, A. Charles Crabb
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
California fig producers annually incur serious economic losses from bird damage to their early maturing Black Mission fig crop. During the 1976 growing season, the avian repellent methiocarb was tested to determine its effectiveness in reducing bird damage to figs. A number of problems developed in those trials which made the results difficult to interpret. With what was learned in the 1976 trials, a more intensive study was plan- ned with cooperation between the Fresno County Department of Agriculture, California Fig Institute, University of California at Davis, California State Department of Food and Agriculture, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, …
Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson
Mesurol As A Bird Repellent On Grapes In Ohio, Hailu Kassa, Willaim B. Jackson
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Schafer and Brunton (1971) determined that methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] was efficaceous as a bird repellent, reporting low R50 and LD50 values for several bird species. Guarino (1972) suggested that bird damage to corn, soybeans, rice, sorghum, cherries, and grapes could be reduced by spraying with methiocarb. Crase and DeHaven (1976) concluded that methiocarb could be an effective broad-spectrum bird repellent and crop protectant. Bollengier et al. (1973), Stone et al. (1974), Ali (1978), Teklehaimanot (1978), and Jackson et al. (1978) reported that bird damage to blueberries was significantly lower in methiocarb-treated fields than in the untreated fields. Rogers (1974) describes …
Timing Bird Control Applications In Ripening Corn, William Bridgeland
Timing Bird Control Applications In Ripening Corn, William Bridgeland
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
There is much debate among people in bird control about whether the various methods so far developed to control bird damage are really ever cost effective (Headley, 1972; Murton and Jones, 1973; Jackson, 1976; Dyer and Ward, 1978). One thing is clear, however. The likelihood of efficacy is increased if certain conditions are met when applying a control measure. Of these conditions for control application, the most obvious one that needs to be considered, after the decision to apply some control measure is made, is "when should the application be made?" It should be clear that the control application must …
New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard
New Developments In Bird Resistant Sorghums, Roger W. Bullard
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
In recent years there has been a major shift of emphasis from lethal to nonlethal methods of controlling bird damage to agricultural crops. In addition to being unpopular, killing large number of birds has generally been ineffective because of rapid recovery of populations. Consequently, most of the methods that are now being investigated emphasize crop protection. Since sorghums are especially vulnerable to bird damage, considerable effort has been expended in the past 20 years to develop varieties that have morphological or chemical characteristics which are resistant to bird damage (Harris, 1969; Tipton et al., 1970; McMillian et al., 1972). Some …
Crop Protection With Xironet, Thomas S. Foster
Crop Protection With Xironet, Thomas S. Foster
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
This presentation is an introduction to a new material and method of protecting crops in the U.S. from marauding birds. The method is to completely enclose the crop with a light expandable netting - called Xironet. Most use of Xironet in the U.S. has been on or in vineyards. For this reason the slides presented will feature Xironet applications on grapes. Because of the nets’ unique characteristics various other applications will come to mind during the presentation. Xironet Bird Protection Netting is an expandable light-weight netting which is usually applied over the tops of crops, like a canopy, to keep …
Blackbird-Starling Winter Roost Survey In Kentucky And Tennessee, 1977-78, Jon F. Heisterberg
Blackbird-Starling Winter Roost Survey In Kentucky And Tennessee, 1977-78, Jon F. Heisterberg
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The existence of large winter blackbird-starling roosts has, at least in recent years, presented problems to residents of Kentucky and Tennessee. Farmers in the vicinity of large roosts have reported serious crop and feedlot losses (including transmission of livestock diseases caused by blackbirds and starlings). Aesthetic, human health, and nuisance problems are frequently associated with large roosts. To gain knowledge and understanding of the distribution and ecology of winter roosts so that more effective means of alleviating these problems can be found, the Fish and Wildlife Service periodically conducts roost surveys throughout the United States. Surveys of winter roosts, with …
Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer
Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to maturing corn (Zea mays) in the milk and dough stages has long been considered a severe problem in localized areas of the United States (Stone et al. 1972). Most estimates of primary loss to corn yields are based on visual or measured surface area estimates of damage to individual ears (Linehan 1967; De Grazio et al. 1969; DeHaven 1974; Granett et al. 1974). These estimates of loss ignore any compensating growth in the undamaged kernels and secondary losses from insects and disease that may have occurred following damage. Numerous studies of fruit, small grain, and hay …
Proceedings Eighth Bird Control Seminar: Frontmatter And Contents
Proceedings Eighth Bird Control Seminar: Frontmatter And Contents
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio; 30 October - 1 November 1979
SPONSORED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CENTER, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE AND NATIONAL PEST CONTROL ASSOCIATION VIENNA, VIRGINIA
DR. WILLIAM B. JACKSON, Conference Chairman and Editor
SHIRLEY S. JACKSON and BETH A. JACKSON, Assistant Editors
Setting Up An Effective Urban Blackbird Roost Control Program, Sally S. Erdman
Setting Up An Effective Urban Blackbird Roost Control Program, Sally S. Erdman
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The City of Denton is situated 35 miles north of north-central Texas. This area is within one of the major N-S corridors for migratory birds. It is also far enough south so that winters are generally mild and open. The average rainfall of 30 inches sustains good stands of pecan and several species of oak, which serve as excellent roost sites for blackbirds. For the past several years, summering flocks of blackbirds have chosen Denton as a roosting site. Interviews with oldtimers here indicate that flocks of birds have always been around. It is only in recent years that their …
Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham
Developmental Status Of N-(3-Chloro-4-Methylphenyl) Acetamide As A Candidate Blackbird/Starling Roost Toxicant, Paul W. Lefebvre, Nicholas R. Holler, Raymond E. Matteson, Edward W. Schafer Jr., Donald J. Cunningham
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Large winter roosts of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often cause conflicts, both real and imagined, between the birds and local human popula- tions. These conflicts may range from objections to the noise and odor engendered by thousands or millions of birds, to fear of epidemic human and livestock diseases, and the possibility of economic losses from crop depredations. Many people believe the most direct way to combat these conflicts is to reduce local roosting populations by kill- ing the birds. In response to this perceived need for a roost toxicant, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) developed …
Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone
Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
CURB is a harmless chemical repellent formulated and prepared to control avian and mammalian behavior which may result in losses of cultivated crops at all stages of growth, of food in storage, and also in behavior which may endanger health (e.g. dogs fouling) or life (e.g. birds on runways at airports). It is a fine powder, which may be wet- table for spraying when mixed with water; or it may be prepared for dry application. It is synergised aluminum ammonium sulfate. Its LD50 is greater than 5 gr/kg; it has passed the U.S.A. and French skin and eye mucosa tests …
Extended Use Of Starlicide In Reducing Bird Damage In Southeastern Feedlots, Allen R. Stickley Jr.
Extended Use Of Starlicide In Reducing Bird Damage In Southeastern Feedlots, Allen R. Stickley Jr.
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The livestock industry is a major agricultural activity in the Southeast where large numbers of wintering blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) consume and con- taminate feed at livestock feeding operations. This study was conducted in Tennessee, where the 1977 cash sales for cattle, hog, and dairy products approximated $579 milion or 42% of sales of all Tennessee farm commodities (Tennessee Crop Reporting Ser- vices 1978). Although no feeding operation damage figures are available, losses to birds at feedlots may be as great or greater than depredations to wheat and corn crops (Stickley et al. 1976, Dolbeer et al. 1978, Dolbeer …
Behavioral Control Of Seagulls At Langley Air Force Base, John F. Stout, Ernest R. Schwab
Behavioral Control Of Seagulls At Langley Air Force Base, John F. Stout, Ernest R. Schwab
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
Sea gulls (Laridae) of various species are more frequently reported in bird-aircraft collisions than any other group of birds. Various sources (Thorpe, 1976; Salter, 1976; Blokpoel, 1976) report that gulls were involved in 40 to 60% of all bird strikes for both civilian and military aircraft. A majority of these incidents occurred during landing or takeoff in the immediate vicinity of the airport. Thus, reducing the number of gulls in operationally critical areas of the airport is an important goal for flight safety manage- ment. Sea gulls at Langley Air Force Base (Harrison and Godsey, 1976) and other airports (Blokpoel, …
Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant
Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
A variety of auditory stimuli have been used for many years as a means of repelling nuisance birds from problem areas (Boudreau, 1968; Bremond et al., 1968; Frings and Jumber, 1954; Langowski et al., 1969; Nelson and Seubert 1966; Pearson and Corner, 1967; Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a, b). This approach to alleviating bird problems is ap- pealing because wild birds are considered very sensitive to sound stimuli of biological origin, and such stimuli are harmless to both target and nontarget species. The harmless aspect is an important advantage in dealing with wildlife related problems because of the increased public …
Arbovirus Surveillance In Ohio -- 1979 Update, Richard L. Berry, Margaret A. Parsons
Arbovirus Surveillance In Ohio -- 1979 Update, Richard L. Berry, Margaret A. Parsons
Bird Control Seminars Proceedings
The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) has maintained an arbovirus surveillance pro- gram since 1964, when the Vector-borne Disease Unit was formed to survey and study California encephalitis epidemiology in Ohio. Since 1975, a major part of the surveillance program has been devoted to St. Louis encephalitis. Both of these diseases have viruses as the causative agent of illness. Both have specific mosquito vectors, and both are classified as zoonotic diseases in that they are primarily diseases of wild vertebrates, transmissible to man -- in this case, only by the bite of an infected mosquito. The vertebrate reservoirs of California …