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Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Development And Applications Of Condensed Phase Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy For Studies Of Electrochemical And Interfacial., Shadi Ahmad Alnaanah
Development And Applications Of Condensed Phase Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy For Studies Of Electrochemical And Interfacial., Shadi Ahmad Alnaanah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation reports the development of ultra-sensitive platforms based on the laser cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CRDS) technique to enable optical and spectroelectrochemical investigations in the condensed phase of matter at challenging scenarios. Firstly, an electrically-active solid/liquid interface for the evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (EW-CRDS) was developed to specroelectrochemically investigate redox events. By coating the interface of total internal reflection of the EW-CRDS platform with a high quality optically transparent and electrically conductive indium tin oxide thin film (ITO), we demonstrated that sufficiently long ring-down times can be achieved to allow for spectroelectrochemical investigations of redox species at solid/liquid interfaces at …
Exploring Information For Quantum Machine Learning Models, Michael Telahun
Exploring Information For Quantum Machine Learning Models, Michael Telahun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Quantum computing performs calculations by using physical phenomena and quantum mechanics principles to solve problems. This form of computation theoretically has been shown to provide speed ups to some problems of modern-day processing. With much anticipation the utilization of quantum phenomena in the field of Machine Learning has become apparent. The work here develops models from two software frameworks: TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) and PennyLane for machine learning purposes. Both developed models utilize an information encoding technique amplitude encoding for preparation of states in a quantum learning model. This thesis explores both the capacity for amplitude encoding to provide enriched state …
Photoelectrical And Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of The Materials Used In Dye-Sensitized And Perovskite Solar Cells., Pom Lal Kharel
Photoelectrical And Photoelectrochemical Characterization Of The Materials Used In Dye-Sensitized And Perovskite Solar Cells., Pom Lal Kharel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Solar energy is one of the most important alternative renewable energy sources to fulfill the increasing demand of energy in the world. Third-generation solar cells like dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic solar cells are extensively studied to increase their photoconversion efficiency, and ultimately for their large-scale implementation. A dye-sensitized solar cell consists of a photoanode of a mesoporous film of titania sensitized with dye sandwiched with a counter electrode, which is usually a platinum-coated transparent conducting oxide, and a redox couple injected between the photoanode and counter electrode. Doping titania with rare-earth metal …
Modified-Half-Normal Distribution And Different Methods To Estimate Average Treatment Effect., Jingchao Sun
Modified-Half-Normal Distribution And Different Methods To Estimate Average Treatment Effect., Jingchao Sun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation consists of three projects related to Modified-Half-Normal distribution and causal inference. In my first project, a new distribution called Modified-Half-Normal distribution was introduced. I explored a few of its distributional properties, the procedures for generating random samples based on Bayesian approaches, and the parameter estimation based on the method of moments. The second project deals with the problem of selection bias of average treatment effect (ATE) if we use the observational data. I combined the propensity score based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method and the directed acyclic graph (DAG) to solve this problem. The third project …
Aspects Of Causal Inference., John A. Craycroft
Aspects Of Causal Inference., John A. Craycroft
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Observational studies differ from experimental studies in that assignment of subjects to treatments is not randomized but rather occurs due to natural mechanisms, which are usually hidden from researchers. Yet objectives of the two studies are frequently the same: identify the causal – rather than merely associational – relationship between some treatment or exposure and an outcome. The statistical issues that arise in properly analyzing observational data for this goal are numerous and fascinating, and these issues are encompassed in the domain of causal inference. The research presented in this dissertation explores several distinct aspects of causal inference. This dissertation …
The Utilization Of Metal-Ligand Cooperativity For Electrocatalytic Reduction And Catalytic Hydration., Steven Cronin
The Utilization Of Metal-Ligand Cooperativity For Electrocatalytic Reduction And Catalytic Hydration., Steven Cronin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Small molecules are building blocks for developing larger materials. These small molecules could be extremely small, such as hydrogen, or larger such as a nitrile, but their impact on the global economy is massive. This dissertation describes a catalyst for three reactions involving small molecules; 1) the hydrogen evolution reaction, 2) the carbon dioxide reduction reaction, 3) nitrile hydration. The catalyst Zn(DMTH) (DMTH = diacetyl-2-(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazonate)-3-(2-pyridinehydrazonato)) use “metal-ligand cooperativity” between the Lewis acid Zn(II) metal ion and an uncoordinated Lewis base nitrogen in the ligand framework to activate substrates. The complex has been analyzed via NMR, UV/Vis, single crystal X-ray crystallography, …
Statistical Approaches Of Gene Set Analysis With Quantitative Trait Loci For High-Throughput Genomic Studies., Samarendra Das
Statistical Approaches Of Gene Set Analysis With Quantitative Trait Loci For High-Throughput Genomic Studies., Samarendra Das
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recently, gene set analysis has become the first choice for gaining insights into the underlying complex biology of diseases through high-throughput genomic studies, such as Microarrays, bulk RNA-Sequencing, single cell RNA-Sequencing, etc. It also reduces the complexity of statistical analysis and enhances the explanatory power of the obtained results. Further, the statistical structure and steps common to these approaches have not yet been comprehensively discussed, which limits their utility. Hence, a comprehensive overview of the available gene set analysis approaches used for different high-throughput genomic studies is provided. The analysis of gene sets is usually carried out based on …
Design, Synthesis And Application Of Janus Gold Nanoprisms For Directed Self-Assembly., Md. Emtias Chowdhury
Design, Synthesis And Application Of Janus Gold Nanoprisms For Directed Self-Assembly., Md. Emtias Chowdhury
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Colloidal Janus particles that possess more than one type of surface chemistry or functionalities have drawn significant interest due to their enormous potential in bottom-up synthetic strategies for complex superstructures. Moreover, the property of molecular recognition, tunability, and predictability of the DNA-mediated interactions enable a high degree of control over particle assembly to generate highly ordered nanostructures with emergent applications. In this dissertation, we present our works on the synthesis of Janus particles from anisotropic gold nanoprisms, and DNA- mediated assembly of nanoprisms and polymer beads in four major areas: 1) Facet selective asymmetric functionalization of gold nanoprisms for Janus …
Computational Behavioral Analytics: Estimating Psychological Traits In Foreign Languages., Kristopher Wayne Reese
Computational Behavioral Analytics: Estimating Psychological Traits In Foreign Languages., Kristopher Wayne Reese
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The rise of technology proliferating into the workplace has increased the threat of loss of intellectual property, classified, and proprietary information for companies, governments, and academics. This can cause economic damage to the creators of new IP, companies, and whole economies. This technology proliferation has also assisted terror groups and lone wolf actors in pushing their message to a larger audience or finding similar tribal groups that share common, sometimes flawed, beliefs across various social media platforms. These types of challenges have created numerous studies in psycholinguistics, as well as commercial tools, that look to assist in identifying potential threats …
Search For New Physics Using Lepton Flavor Violating Signatures In Modern Particle Colliders., Atanu Pathak
Search For New Physics Using Lepton Flavor Violating Signatures In Modern Particle Colliders., Atanu Pathak
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Charged lepton flavor violation is a clear signal of new physics. Such decays are not allowed in the Standard Model but highly anticipated in a large class of new physics models. A direct search for lepton flavor violation in decays of the Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented here. The analysis is performed in the H → l tau channel, where the leading lepton (l) can be either an electron or a muon, and the tau lepton decays into an opposite flavored lighter lepton or via the hadronic decay channel. Published results of this search …
Water Cluster Motifs In Structurally Similar N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-Methylimidazole-2-Carboxamide Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal And Electrical Properties., Nina Saraei
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Water is a remarkable molecule and in all of its forms exhibits an amazing collection of properties and functions. Besides its crucial role in life and many technological processes, water displays some unusual and anomalous properties at various interfaces and under different conditions. Although the role of hydrogen-bonding interactions and their fluctuations are well known to determine the properties of water, the main obstacle exists in the complexity of correctly describing the interactions between water molecules. The key to understanding the behavior of water is to collect precise structural data of various H-bonded water networks in diverse environments. In this …
Convolution Inequalities And Applications To Partial Differential Equations., Matthew Reynolds
Convolution Inequalities And Applications To Partial Differential Equations., Matthew Reynolds
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation we develop methods for obtaining the existence of mild solutions to certain partial differential equations with initial data in weighted L p spaces and apply them to some examples as well as improve the solutions to some known PDEs studied extensively in the literature. We begin by obtaining a version of a Stein-Weiss integral inequality which we will use to obtain general convolution inequalities in weighted L p spaces using the techniques of interpolation. We will then use these convolution inequalities to make estimates on PDEs that will help us obtain mild solutions as fixed points of …
(Pseudo)Phase Tuning In The Service Of Synthesis: Technologies For Sustainable Catalysis., Justin Douglas Smith
(Pseudo)Phase Tuning In The Service Of Synthesis: Technologies For Sustainable Catalysis., Justin Douglas Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Strategies for manipulation of chemical phases were explored with emphasis on synthetic chemistry applications. Some strategies are fairly divergent from their origin, but all ultimately began from investigations of micellar media. Accordingly, Chapter 1 reviews the historical development of micellar catalytic processes. Chapters 2 and 3 detail development of synthetic methods in micellar solutions of designer surfactant PS-750-M. PS-750-M was designed to create benign micellar solutions which effectively mimic toxic organic solvents; it contains a proline-based linker between its hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions which imparts increased polarity to the micellar core. Chapter 2 details an interfacial nucleophilic substitution of perfluoroarenes …
A Comprehensive Study Of The Short-Term Variability Of The Migrating Diurnal Tide In The Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere., Lokupatabendige Ashan Shivantha Vitharana
A Comprehensive Study Of The Short-Term Variability Of The Migrating Diurnal Tide In The Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere., Lokupatabendige Ashan Shivantha Vitharana
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Our ability to understand and predict space weather has become vital due to its significant societal impacts on communication, transportation, and national defense. One of the most exciting discoveries in the last decade has been the realization that tropospheric weather can strongly influence space weather. It is now recognized that the atmospheric waves (gravity waves, atmospheric tides, and planetary waves) play a key role in coupling the lower and upper atmosphere. The focus of this dissertation is to study atmospheric tides. While the climatology of tides has been extensively studied, little is known about the tidal weather (tidal variability
A Gis-Based Method For Archival And Visualization Of Microstructural Data From Drill Core Samples., Elliott Holmes
A Gis-Based Method For Archival And Visualization Of Microstructural Data From Drill Core Samples., Elliott Holmes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Core samples obtained from scientific drilling could provide large volumes of direct microstructural and compositional data, but generating results via the traditional treatment of such data is often time-consuming and inefficient. Unifying microstructural data within a spatially referenced Geographic Information System (GIS) environment provides an opportunity to readily locate, visualize, correlate, and explore the available microstructural data. Using 26 core billet samples from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), this study developed procedures for: 1. A GIS-based approach for spatially referenced visualization and storage of microstructural data from drill core billet samples; and 2. Producing 3D models of …
Electrochemically-Modulated Surface Plasmon Waves At A Nano-Scale For Investigations And Applications Of Redox Assemblies., Aymen Hasan Qatamin
Electrochemically-Modulated Surface Plasmon Waves At A Nano-Scale For Investigations And Applications Of Redox Assemblies., Aymen Hasan Qatamin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, an electrochemically-modulated surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) technique was developed for challenging investigations and applications in different redox assemblies. The principle of the technique is based on the nano-scale confined and sensitive interplay between a surface plasmon wave and a redox-active probe featuring an optical transition when undergoing a faradaic redox process. Such faradaic process is electrochemically controlled by modulating the surface electric potential of the SPR platform to create an optical output signal that is substantially immune to the negative impacts of background environment and enabling the identification and quantification minute properties linked to a molecular event …
Marginal Methods And Software For Clustered Data With Cluster- And Group-Size Informativeness., Mary Elizabeth Gregg
Marginal Methods And Software For Clustered Data With Cluster- And Group-Size Informativeness., Mary Elizabeth Gregg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Clustered data result when observations have some natural organizational association. In such data, cluster size is defined as the number of observations belonging to a cluster. A phenomenon termed informative cluster size (ICS) occurs when observation outcomes vary in a systematic way related to the cluster size. An additional form of informativeness, termed informative within-cluster group size (IWCGS), arises when the distribution of group-defining categorical covariates within clusters similarly carries information related to outcomes. Standard methods for the marginal analysis of clustered data can produce biased estimates and inference when data have informativeness. A reweighting methodology has been developed that …
A Structural Study Of Correlated Materials: Incipient Mott Insulators And Low-Dimensional Systesm., Alaa Alfailakawi
A Structural Study Of Correlated Materials: Incipient Mott Insulators And Low-Dimensional Systesm., Alaa Alfailakawi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Current theories of high-temperature superconductivity suggest that electrons must organize into Cooper pairs in order for a material to exhibit a superconducting phase. Electrons in insulators experience significant repulsive interactions that tend to keep electrons localized at atomic positions. In contrast, electrons in metals are delocalized, interact weakly, and are free to conduct electricity. Therefore, the formation of Cooper pairs should have different mechanisms for metals compared to insulators. This contrast raises the debate about the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in iron-based material, whether it depends on the strong or weak coupling. Many iron-based materials are metallic in the normal …
Linear Methods For Regression With Small Sample Sizes Relative To The Number Of Variables., Rajesh Sikder
Linear Methods For Regression With Small Sample Sizes Relative To The Number Of Variables., Rajesh Sikder
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In data sets where there are a small number of observations but a large number of variables observed for each observation, ordinary least squares estimation cannot be used for regression models. There are many alternative including stepwise regression, penalized methods such as ridge regression and the LASSO, and methods based on derived inputs such as principal components regression and partial least squares regression. In this thesis, these five methods are described. K-fold cross validation is also discussed as a way for determining regularization parameters for each method. The performance of these methods in estimation and prediction is also examined through …
Functional Nanomaterials By Combining Aminooxy Chemistry And Iodine Activation At Momolayer Protected Clusters., Tirtha Raj Sibakoti
Functional Nanomaterials By Combining Aminooxy Chemistry And Iodine Activation At Momolayer Protected Clusters., Tirtha Raj Sibakoti
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aminooxy (-ONH2) groups are most commonly known for their chemoselective reaction with carbonyl compounds (aldehydes/ketones) under mild reaction conditions. Aminooxy-based click chemistry is a versatile means of ligation as evidenced by broad application in material science, biology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and nanoscience. Our work exploits the facile reaction of aminooxy groups presented on the surface of gold (Au) or palladium (Pd) monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) with various aldehydes via oximation reactions, which form the robust oxime ether adducts. The functionalization of hexanethiolate-stabilized Au MPCs with a newly developed trifunctional amine-containing aminooxy alkanethiol ligand by thiol place-exchange affords aminooxylated …
Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide And Carbon Monoxide For The Production Of Green Fuels And Chemicals., Jacob M. Strain
Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide And Carbon Monoxide For The Production Of Green Fuels And Chemicals., Jacob M. Strain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It has become apparent that closing the carbon cycle on this planet in order to mitigate disastrous consequences of runaway global warming has become one of the most pressing issues of our civilization. One of the ways we need to accomplish this goal is by finding news methods to generate fuels that will be carbon neutral. Renewable fuels and green chemicals will be a major component of closing the carbon cycle and restoring our planet’s ecosystem into a sense of balance. A method that can help achieve this goal is the reduction of CO2. If CO2 can …
Computational Modeling Of Photolysis And Catalysis Reactions In Vitamin B12-Dependent Enzymes., Abdullah Al Mamun
Computational Modeling Of Photolysis And Catalysis Reactions In Vitamin B12-Dependent Enzymes., Abdullah Al Mamun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vitamin B12 is a complex organometallic molecule, the derivatives of which such as adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (CH3Cbl) act as a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions. These two biologically active cofactors contain a unique organometallic Co-C σ bond. Important feature of this Co-C bond is that it can be activated by both thermally and photolytically inside the enzymatic environment as well as in the solution. In the case of enzymatic reactions where AdoCbl molecule act as a cofactor, the cleavage of the Co-C bond constitutes the key catalytic step. The most intriguing features of this cleavage is …
Novel Bayesian Methodology For The Analysis Of Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Data., Michael Sekula
Novel Bayesian Methodology For The Analysis Of Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Data., Michael Sekula
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, researchers are able to gain a better understanding of health and disease through the analysis of gene expression data at the cellular-level; however, scRNA-seq data tend to have high proportions of zero values, increased cell-to-cell variability, and overdispersion due to abnormally large expression counts, which create new statistical problems that need to be addressed. This dissertation includes three research projects that propose Bayesian methodology suitable for scRNA-seq analysis. In the first project, a hurdle model for identifying differentially expressed genes across cell types in scRNA-seq data is presented. This model incorporates a correlated random …
Analyzing The Effects Of Of Seasonal Land Cover And Precipitation On The Sediment Delivery Ratio Of An Agriculture Dominated Watershed., Jonah Liebman
Analyzing The Effects Of Of Seasonal Land Cover And Precipitation On The Sediment Delivery Ratio Of An Agriculture Dominated Watershed., Jonah Liebman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soil erosion is of escalating importance as increasing population and climate change have put increasing pressures on agricultural food production. Vegetation and precipitation are two factors that control the amount of soil erosion extant within a region. Sediment delivery ratios (SDRs) assess the ratio of soil eroded from a watershed system that is permanently removed from the system through stream sediment discharge. Using 1) river discharge and sediment concentration data and 2) the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), this thesis analyzes fluctuations in monthly SDRs for an average hydroclimatological crop-harvest season for the Senachwine Creek watershed, IL. Through calculating …
Assessing Predictors Of Harmful Algal Blooms In The Western Lake Erie Basin., Katherine M. Weigle
Assessing Predictors Of Harmful Algal Blooms In The Western Lake Erie Basin., Katherine M. Weigle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been a recurring issue in the Western Lake Erie Basin for more than a decade, despite policies implemented to improve the water quality of the Great Lakes. HABs describe algae that can be harmful to both ecosystem function and human health. The Western Lake Erie Basin, in particular, experiences Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in the summer months due to a multitude of factors leading to increased phosphorus and nitrogen loads in the contributing watersheds. In this study, lake water surface temperature, land cover, river discharge, and precipitation were examined as potential triggers for the occurrence and …
Novel Inference Methods For Generalized Linear Models Using Shrinkage Priors And Data Augmentation., Arinjita Bhattacharyya
Novel Inference Methods For Generalized Linear Models Using Shrinkage Priors And Data Augmentation., Arinjita Bhattacharyya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Generalized linear models have broad applications in biostatistics and sociology. In a regression setup, the main target is to find a relevant set of predictors out of a large collection of covariates. Sparsity is the assumption that only a few of these covariates in a regression setup have a meaningful correlation with an outcome variate of interest. Sparsity is incorporated by regularizing the irrelevant slopes towards zero without changing the relevant predictors and keeping the resulting inferences intact. Frequentist variable selection and sparsity are addressed by popular techniques like Lasso, Elastic Net. Bayesian penalized regression can tackle the curse of …
Automatic Target Recognition With Deep Metric Learning., Abdelhamid Bouzid
Automatic Target Recognition With Deep Metric Learning., Abdelhamid Bouzid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
An Automatic Target Recognizer (ATR) is a real or near-real time understanding system where its input (images, signals) are obtained from sensors and its output is the detected and recognized target. ATR is an important task in many civilian and military computer vision applications. The used sensors, such as infrared (IR) imagery, enlarge our knowledge of the surrounding environment, especially at night as they provide continuous surveillance. However, ATR based on IR faces major challenges such as meteorological conditions, scale and viewpoint invariance. In this thesis, we propose solutions that are based on Deep Metric Learning (DML). DML is a …