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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Breeding Milestones Correspond With Changes To Wheat Rhizosphere Biogeochemistry That Affect P Acquisition, Rebecca Kay Mcgrail, David A. Van Sanford, David H. Mcnear Jr.
Breeding Milestones Correspond With Changes To Wheat Rhizosphere Biogeochemistry That Affect P Acquisition, Rebecca Kay Mcgrail, David A. Van Sanford, David H. Mcnear Jr.
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has resulted in small gains in improved nutrient acquisition and use as numerous traits are involved. In this study, we evaluated the impact of breeding on P-acquisition and identified both plant and soil variables that could be used to inform the selection of germplasm with increased P acquisition efficiency. We previously screened a historic panel of winter wheat cultivars for root system architecture and root tip organic acid content when grown in P-deficient solution/agar and used these characteristics together with breeding history to develop a predicted P extraction potential (PEP). We tested the validity …
Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer Application Strategies In Corn–Soybean Rotations, Timothy J. Boring, Kurt D. Thelen, James E. Board, Jason L. De Bruin, Chad D. Lee, Seth L. Naeve, William J. Ross, Wade A. Kent, Landon L. Ries
Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer Application Strategies In Corn–Soybean Rotations, Timothy J. Boring, Kurt D. Thelen, James E. Board, Jason L. De Bruin, Chad D. Lee, Seth L. Naeve, William J. Ross, Wade A. Kent, Landon L. Ries
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
To determine if current university fertilizer rate and timing recommendations pose a limitation to high-yield corn (Zea mays subsp. mays) and soybean (Glycine max) production, this study compared annual Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) fertilizer applications to biennial fertilizer applications, applied at 1× and 2× recommended rates in corn–soybean rotations located in Minnesota (MN), Iowa (IA), Michigan (MI), Arkansas (AR), and Louisiana (LA). At locations with either soil test P or K in the sub-optimal range, corn grain yield was significantly increased with fertilizer application at five of sixteen site years, while soybean seed yield was significantly …
Nutrient Addition Shifts Plant Community Composition Towards Earlier Flowering Species In Some Prairie Ecoregions In The U.S. Central Plains, Lori Biederman, Brent Mortensen, Philip Fay, Nicole Hagenah, Johannes Knops, Kimberly La Pierre, Ramesh Laungani, Eric Lind, Rebecca L. Mcculley, Sally Power, Eric Seabloom, Pedro Tognetti
Nutrient Addition Shifts Plant Community Composition Towards Earlier Flowering Species In Some Prairie Ecoregions In The U.S. Central Plains, Lori Biederman, Brent Mortensen, Philip Fay, Nicole Hagenah, Johannes Knops, Kimberly La Pierre, Ramesh Laungani, Eric Lind, Rebecca L. Mcculley, Sally Power, Eric Seabloom, Pedro Tognetti
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
The distribution of flowering across the growing season is governed by each species’ evolutionary history and climatic variability. However, global change factors, such as eutrophication and invasion, can alter plant community composition and thus change the distribution of flowering across the growing season. We examined three ecoregions (tall-, mixed, and short-grass prairie) across the U.S. Central Plains to determine how nutrient (nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium (+micronutrient)) addition alters the temporal patterns of plant flowering traits. We calculated total community flowering potential (FP) by distributing peak-season plant cover values across the growing season, allocating each species’ cover to only those …
Effect Of Avail® Polymer Applied To Phosphorus Fertilizers On Dry Matter Production And P Uptake Of Fescue At Princeton, Ky, Lloyd W. Murdock, John James Olson, Gene Olson
Effect Of Avail® Polymer Applied To Phosphorus Fertilizers On Dry Matter Production And P Uptake Of Fescue At Princeton, Ky, Lloyd W. Murdock, John James Olson, Gene Olson
Soil Science News and Views
A study was conducted near Princeton, KY to determine if a polymer (AVAIL®) applied to diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18- 46-0) and mono ammonium phosphate (MAP, 11-52-0) would increase (P) phosphorus use efficiency in fescue production on a low P testing soil, when compared to an untreated phosphate fertilizer. AVAIL® (Specialty Fertilizer Products, Belton, MO) is presently being sold in Kentucky as a product to improve phosphorus fertilizer efficiency.
Value Of Nutrients In Poultry Litter When Applied In The Fall, Monroe Rasnake, George Kelley
Value Of Nutrients In Poultry Litter When Applied In The Fall, Monroe Rasnake, George Kelley
Soil Science News and Views
The value of nutrients in poultry litter depends not only on how much nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) it contains, but also on how it is handled and applied. The following table compares the value of 19 poultry litter samples from Hopkins County analyzed for N, P & K and the litter then spread in the fall. The samples include pullet, breeder and broiler manures, with storage times up to one year. Nutrient values were based on a comparison with urea (46-0-0) at $199/ton, triple super phosphate (0-46-0) at $215/ton and muriate of potash (0-0-60) at $165/ton.
Drawdown Of Soil Test Phosphorus And Potassium Levels By Alfalfa, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide
Drawdown Of Soil Test Phosphorus And Potassium Levels By Alfalfa, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide
Soil Science News and Views
Alfalfa hay production removes large amounts of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) from soils. Because of this, there is always interest in the reduction of soil test phosphorus (STP) and soil test potassium (STK) levels by high-yielding alfalfa. Periodic soil sampling for 2 years during an on-farm· fertilizer study on a high yielding alfalfa field provided an insight into this.
Aluminum And Phosphorus Separation: Application To Preparation Of Target From Brain Tissue For 26Al Determination By Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Russell D. Brauer, J. David Robertson, Pankaj Sharma, Robert A. Yokel
Aluminum And Phosphorus Separation: Application To Preparation Of Target From Brain Tissue For 26Al Determination By Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Russell D. Brauer, J. David Robertson, Pankaj Sharma, Robert A. Yokel
Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications
Acid digested brain containing 4 mg added 27Al was ashed at 1000°C to prepare an Al2O3 target for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis of 26Al. A glass-like material usually resulted which was thought to be aluminum (Al) oxyphosphate. The separation of Al and phosphate was investigated. Al, but not phosphate, was bound by a cation exchange resin (AG 50-X8). Hydrofluoric acid eluted the Al from the resin. Removal of phosphate from acid digested brain by this method produced an amorphous material after ashing that was easier to recover from the porcelain crucible and had a …
Application Of Simplified Phosphorus Transport Models To Pasture Fields In Northwest Arkansas, Dwayne R. Edwards, C. T. Haan, Andrew N. Sharpley, John F. Murdoch, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr.
Application Of Simplified Phosphorus Transport Models To Pasture Fields In Northwest Arkansas, Dwayne R. Edwards, C. T. Haan, Andrew N. Sharpley, John F. Murdoch, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr.
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Runoff transport of phosphorus (P) is often predicted from simple equations with parameters determined from data applicable primarily to row-cropped and fallow cover conditions. The applicability, accuracy, and precision of such P transport prediction equations under pasture situations are less well defined. The objectives of this study were to determine parameters of simplified runoff P transport equations for pasture fields and to assess the accuracy and precision of the equations. Runoff, sediment yield, soluble P transport, and particulate P transport data were collected from four pasture fields in northwestern Arkansas. Runoff event enrichment ratios and extraction coefficients were computed, and …
Production And Nutrient Content Of Broiler Litter, Monroe Rasnake, Mike Williams
Production And Nutrient Content Of Broiler Litter, Monroe Rasnake, Mike Williams
Soil Science News and Views
How much litter is produced in a broiler house in one year? How much nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is present in broiler litter? These are questions that concern broiler producers and others who have an interest in the use and safe disposal of broiler litter. A project was initiated with support of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the cooperation of several broiler producers in Carlisle County to help answer these questions.
Estimated Nutrient Content And Uptake By Kentucky's Crops, Kenneth L. Wells, William O. Thom
Estimated Nutrient Content And Uptake By Kentucky's Crops, Kenneth L. Wells, William O. Thom
Soil Science News and Views
A commonly asked question by crop producers is, "how many pounds of plant nutrients do my crops take up?" While the absolute answer to this varies by yield and soil fertility, useful estimates can be made from research data to enable a producer to have a "ballpark" value for nutrient up-take by some of the major crops of Kentucky. The following tables contain estimates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),and potassium (K) contained in certain crops and the amount of N, phosphate (P2O5), and potash (K,O) taken up by tobacco, corn, soybeans, wheat, alfalfa hay, clover grass …
Fall Fertilization And Liming For Tobacco Production, J. L. Sims, Kenneth L. Wells
Fall Fertilization And Liming For Tobacco Production, J. L. Sims, Kenneth L. Wells
Soil Science News and Views
Proper nutrition of tobacco is a prerequisite for achieving high yields of cured leaf possessing desirable marketing characteristics. Together with the variety grown, soils, climate, and curing conditions, a desirable nutrient environment greatly influences yield, quality, and usability of the leaf produced. Late summer and early fall is a good time to select fields for future tobacco crops or to sample this year's tobacco fields which will be used for tobacco next year, and to assess their needs for lime, phosphorus, and potassium. Planning fertilization strategies this fall that lead to increased profit is much more effective than waiting until …
Farm Nutrient Management, William O. Thom
Farm Nutrient Management, William O. Thom
Soil Science News and Views
Nutrient management is becoming a buzz word in today's vocabulary of crop and livestock production. In the past it was applied to efficient management of all nutrient sources used for crop production. More recently it is being used to account for all nutrients used for crop production that are brought onto the farm, removed from the farm in crop and animal products, and reallocated within the farm unit. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the nutrients of concern with nitrogen and phosphorus being most important.
Effectiveness Of Surface Application Of Phosphorus And Potassium On Yield Of No-Till Corn Grown On Soils Testing Low Or Medium Below A Depth Of 3 Inches, Grant W. Thomas
Effectiveness Of Surface Application Of Phosphorus And Potassium On Yield Of No-Till Corn Grown On Soils Testing Low Or Medium Below A Depth Of 3 Inches, Grant W. Thomas
Soil Science News and Views
When crops are grown continuously under no-tillage or very minimum tillage, there is a tendency for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to become concentrated at or near the soil surface. This occurs when P and K fertilizers are broadcast on the surface and not mixed with the soil as would occur with plowing. The result is a stratification of P and K such that the surface few inches become very high in those nutrients, but soil test levels remain largely unaffected below that. The question is whether high yields of no-till crops can be obtained under these conditions.
Using Residual Soil Fertility Effectively, Grant W. Thomas
Using Residual Soil Fertility Effectively, Grant W. Thomas
Soil Science News and Views
During the past 30 years, the use of commercial fertilizer in Kentucky has resulted in increases in the levels of phosphorus and potassium in soils. As might be expected, the soil test levels are higher with tobacco than with any other crop. but all soils for all crops show increases in fertility levels. Comparisons between 1975 and 1985 (the latest year available) show the proportion of samples sent to the University of Kentucky that are medium or high in soil test phosphorus has increased considerably. Even more striking is the decrease in very low values of phosphorus.
The Status Of Sulfur Fertilization Of Crops In Kentucky, Lloyd W. Murdock
The Status Of Sulfur Fertilization Of Crops In Kentucky, Lloyd W. Murdock
Soil Science News and Views
Sulfur has long been recognized as being essential for the growth of plants and animals due to it being necessary for production of several amino acids. Although regarded as a "secondary" element, it is required by plants in fairly high amounts, very similar to that of phosphorus. Sulfur deficiency symptoms in plants are somewhat similar to those of nitrogen since an overall uniform pale-green leaf color develops. Sulfur deficiencies are often found in crops growing on sandy soils with low organic matter content.
Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Phase Ii, Edward G. Foree, Ronald L. Barrow
Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Phase Ii, Edward G. Foree, Ronald L. Barrow
KWRRI Research Reports
The decomposition and associated nutrient regeneration of three unialgal cultures and one mixed culture containing an indigenous population of bacteria and microscopic animals were studied under dark, constant temperature laboratory conditions. After periods of nutrient-deficient growth ranging from O to 30 days, these cultures were inoculated with decomposer populations and subjected to anaerobic and aerobic environments for the decomposition studies. The extend of decomposition was determined from the percentage volatile suspended solids and percentage particulate COD remaining after 200 days of decomposition. The average extent of decomposition was greater for aerobic than for anaerobic conditions. However, significant portions of the …
Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Edward G. Foree, John S. Tapp Jr.
Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Edward G. Foree, John S. Tapp Jr.
KWRRI Research Reports
The chemical composition of algae grown in batch culture depends mainly on environmental conditions, nutrient availability, presence of predators, cell age, and species. The effects of nutrient availability and cell age on the composition of three unialgal cultures (algae + bacteria) and one hetergeneous culture (algae + bacteria + microscopic animals) were evaluated. The cultures were grown in batch culture under both nutrient-abundant and nutrient deficient conditions and the changes in compositions were observed. Luxurious uptake where nutrients are incorporated into cellular protoplasm at levels greater than those necessary for growth, and super-luxurious uptake, where some nutrients are stored rather …