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Articles 1 - 30 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption In A Squaraine-Fluorene-Squaraine Dye: Design, Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, And Solvatochromic Behavior, William Moreshead
Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption In A Squaraine-Fluorene-Squaraine Dye: Design, Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, And Solvatochromic Behavior, William Moreshead
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The discovery of any new technology is usually accompanied by a need for new or improved materials which make that technology useful in practical applications. In the case of two-photon absorption (2PA) this has truly been the case. Since its first demonstration in 1961, there has been an ever increasing quest to understand the relationships between two-photon absorption and the structure of two-photon absorbing materials. This quest has been motivated by the many applications for 2PA which have been reported, including fluorescence bioimaging, 3D microfabrication, 3D optical data storage, upconverted lasing, and photodynamic therapy. The work presented in this dissertation …
Development Of Micro Volume Dna And Rna Profiling Assays To Identify The Donor And Tissue Source Of Origin Of Trace Forensic Biological Evidence, Brittany Morgan
Development Of Micro Volume Dna And Rna Profiling Assays To Identify The Donor And Tissue Source Of Origin Of Trace Forensic Biological Evidence, Brittany Morgan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In forensic casework analysis it is necessary to obtain genetic profiles from increasingly smaller amounts of biological material left behind by perpetrators of crime. The ability to obtain profiles from trace biological evidence is demonstrated with so-called ‘touch DNA evidence’ which is perceived to be the result of DNA obtained from shed skin cells transferred from donor to an object or person during physical contact. However, the current method of recovery of trace DNA involves cotton swabs or adhesive tape to sample an area of interest. This "blindswabbing" approach may result in the recovery of biological material from different individuals …
Squaraine Dyes, Design And Synthesis For Various Functional Materials Applications, Yuanwei Zhang
Squaraine Dyes, Design And Synthesis For Various Functional Materials Applications, Yuanwei Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation contains the synthesis and characterization of squaraine based new functional materials. In the first part of this thesis work, a water soluble benzothiazolium squaraine dye was synthesized with pyridium pendents, and controlled aggregation properties were achieved. After formation of partially reversible J-aggregation on a polyelectrolyte (poly(acryl acid) sodium salt) template, the nonlinear, two-photon absorption cross section per repeat unit was found to be above 30-fold enhanced compared with nonaggregate and/or low aggregates. Using a similar strategy, sulfonate anions were introduced into the squaraine structure, and the resulting compounds exhibited good water solubilities. A ‘turn on’ fluorescence was discovered …
Partially Integrable Pt-Symmetric Hierarchies Of Some Canonical Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, Keri Pecora
Partially Integrable Pt-Symmetric Hierarchies Of Some Canonical Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations, Keri Pecora
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we generalize the work of Bender and co-workers to derive new partially-integrable hierarchies of various PT -symmetric, nonlinear partial differential equations. The possible integrable members are identified employing the Painlev´e Test, a necessary but not sufficient integrability condition, and are indexed by the integer n, corresponding to the negative of the order of the dominant pole in the singular part of the Painlev´e expansion for the solution. For the PT -symmetric Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, as with some other hierarchies, the first or n = 1 equation fails the test, the n = 2 member corresponds to …
Numerical Simulations For The Flow Of Rocket Exhaust Through A Granular Medium, Kristina Kraakmo
Numerical Simulations For The Flow Of Rocket Exhaust Through A Granular Medium, Kristina Kraakmo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Physical lab experiments have shown that the pressure caused by an impinging jet on a granular bed has the potential to form craters. This poses a danger to landing success and nearby spacecraft for future rocket missions. Current numerical simulations for this process do not accurately reproduce experimental results. Our goal is to produce improved simulations to more accurately and effi- ciently model the changes in pressure as gas flows through a porous medium. A two-dimensional model in space known as the nonlinear Porous Medium Equation as it is derived from Darcy’s law is used. An Alternating-Direction Implicit (ADI) temporal …
Engineering And Application Of Ultrafast Laser Pulses And Filamentation In Air, Nicholas Barbieri
Engineering And Application Of Ultrafast Laser Pulses And Filamentation In Air, Nicholas Barbieri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Continuing advances in laser and photonic technology has seen the development of lasers with increasing power and increasingly short pulsewidths, which have become available over an increasing range of wavelengths. As the availability of laser sources grow, so do their applications. To make better use of this improving technology, understanding and controlling laser propagation in free space is critical, as is understanding the interaction between laser light and matter. The need to better control the light obtained from increasingly advanced laser sources leads to the emergence of beam engineering, the systematic understanding and control of light through refractive media and …
Pulsed Tm-Fiber Laser For Mid-Ir Generation, Pankaj Kadwani
Pulsed Tm-Fiber Laser For Mid-Ir Generation, Pankaj Kadwani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The thulium fiber laser has gained interest due to its long emission wavelength, large bandwidth (~1.8 – 2.1 µm), high efficiencies (~60 %), and high output power levels both in cw as well as pulsed regimes. Applications like remote sensing, machining, medical tissue ablation, and mid-infrared generation benefit from high peak power thulium laser sources. Pulsed thulium fiber laser systems are advancing rapidly towards higher peak power levels and are becoming the preferred sources for these applications. This dissertation work describes the development of novel nanosecond pulsed thulium fiber laser systems with record high peak power levels targeting mid-infrared generation. …
Fast-Response Liquid Crystals For Photonic And Display Applications, Jie Sun
Fast-Response Liquid Crystals For Photonic And Display Applications, Jie Sun
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Liquid crystal devices are attractive for many applications such as information displays, spatial light modulators and adaptive optics, because their optical properties are electrically tunable. However, response time of liquid crystal devices is a serious concern for many applications especially for those who require large phase modulation (≥2π). This is because a thick LC layer is usually needed to achieve a large phase shift while the response time of a nematic LC is highly determined by the cell gap.
An Exploration Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Direct Manipulation Through 3d Spatial Interaction, Kevin Pfeil
An Exploration Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Direct Manipulation Through 3d Spatial Interaction, Kevin Pfeil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We present an exploration that surveys the strengths and weaknesses of various 3D spatial interaction techniques, in the context of directly manipulating an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Particularly, a study of touch- and device- free interfaces in this domain is provided. 3D spatial interaction can be achieved using hand-held motion control devices such as the Nintendo Wiimote, but computer vision systems offer a different and perhaps more natural method. In general, 3D user interfaces (3DUI) enable a user to interact with a system on a more robust and potentially more meaningful scale. We discuss the design and development of various …
Active Learning With Unreliable Annotations, Liyue Zhao
Active Learning With Unreliable Annotations, Liyue Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the proliferation of social media, gathering data has became cheaper and easier than before. However, this data can not be used for supervised machine learning without labels. Asking experts to annotate sufficient data for training is both expensive and time-consuming. Current techniques provide two solutions to reducing the cost and providing sufficient labels: crowdsourcing and active learning. Crowdsourcing, which outsources tasks to a distributed group of people, can be used to provide a large quantity of labels but controlling the quality of labels is hard. Active learning, which requires experts to annotate a subset of the most informative or …
Theoretical And Computational Studies Of Diffusion Of Adatom Islands And Reactions Of Molecules On Surfaces, Syed Islamuddin Shah
Theoretical And Computational Studies Of Diffusion Of Adatom Islands And Reactions Of Molecules On Surfaces, Syed Islamuddin Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the study of post deposition spatial and temporal evolution of adatom islands and molecules on surfaces using ab initio and semiemperical methods. It is a microscopic study of the phenomena of diffusion and reaction on nanostructured surfaces for which we have developed appropriate computational tools, as well as implemented others that are available. To map out the potential energy surface on which the adatom islands and molecules move, we have carried out ab initio electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) for selected systems. For others, we have relied on …
Growth And Characterization Of Zno Based Semiconductor Materials And Devices, Ming Wei
Growth And Characterization Of Zno Based Semiconductor Materials And Devices, Ming Wei
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wide band gap semiconductors such as MgxZn1-xO represent an excellent choice for making optical photodetectors and emitters operating in the UV spectral region. High crystal and optical quality MgxZn1-xO thin films were grown epitaxially on c-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. ZnO thin films with high crystalline quality, low defect and dislocation densities, and sub-nanometer surface roughness were achieved by applying a low temperature nucleation layer. The critical growth conditions were discussed to obtain a high quality film: the sequence of Zn and O sources for initial growth of nucleation layer, growth temperatures for both ZnO nucleation and …
Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystals For Display And Photonic Applications, Jin Yan
Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystals For Display And Photonic Applications, Jin Yan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
For the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made on liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies in terms of stability, resolution, contrast ratio, and viewing angle. The remaining challenge is response time. The state-of-the-art response time of a nematic liquid crystal is a few milliseconds. Faster response time is desirable in order to reduce motion blur and to realize color sequential display using RGB LEDs, which triples the optical efficiency and resolution density. Polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) is a strong candidate for achieving fast response time because its self-assembled cubic structure greatly reduces the coherence length. The response …
Inverse Problems In Multiple Light Scattering, John Broky
Inverse Problems In Multiple Light Scattering, John Broky
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The interaction between coherent waves and material systems with complex optical properties is a complicated, deterministic process. Light that scatters from such media gives rise to random fields with intricate properties. It is common perception that the randomness of these complex fields is undesired and therefore is to be removed, usually through a process of ensemble averaging. However, random fields emerging from light matter interaction contain information about the properties of the medium and a thorough analysis of the scattered light allows solving specific inverse problems. Traditional attempts to solve these kinds of inverse problems tend to rely on statistical …
Mechanochemistry For Solid-State Syntheses And Catalysis, David Restrepo
Mechanochemistry For Solid-State Syntheses And Catalysis, David Restrepo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Traditional methods of synthesizing inorganic materials, such as hydrothermal, sol-gel, calcination and grinding steps, can typically require use of high temperatures, expensive precursors or use of solvents. Because of the energy-intensive nature or environmental impact these techniques, there is a push, especially from an industrial perspective, to move towards greener approaches. Mechanochemistry is a solvent-free alternative technique that can be used to synthesize a variety of materials under ambient conditions. Due to this, there is an increase in attention towards the use of this approach in both solid-state inorganic and organic chemistry. This dissertation reports the mechanochemical synthesis of a …
Similarity Of Climate Control On Base Flow And Perennial Stream Density In The Budyko Framework, Liuliu Wu
Similarity Of Climate Control On Base Flow And Perennial Stream Density In The Budyko Framework, Liuliu Wu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Streams are classified into perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral streams based on flow durations. Perennial stream is the basic network, while intermittent or ephemeral stream is the expanded network. Connection between perennial stream and base flow at the mean annual scale exists since one of the hydrologic functions of perennial stream is to deliver runoff even in low flow seasons. The partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evaporation at the mean annual scale, on the first order, is captured by the ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation (Ep/P called climate aridity index) based on the Budyko hypothesis. The primary focus of …
Theoretical Studies Of Nanostructure Formation And Transport On Surfaces, Maral Aminpour
Theoretical Studies Of Nanostructure Formation And Transport On Surfaces, Maral Aminpour
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation undertakes theoretical and computational research to characterize and understand in detail atomic configurations and electronic structural properties of surfaces and interfaces at the nano-scale, with particular emphasis on identifying the factors that control atomic-scale diffusion and transport properties. The overarching goal is to outline, with examples, a predictive modeling procedure of stable structures of novel materials that, on the one hand, facilitates a better understanding of experimental results, and on the other hand, provide guidelines for future experimental work. The results of this dissertation are useful in future miniaturization of electronic devices, predicting and engineering functional novel nanostructures. …
Electrical, Optical And Chemical Properties Of Organic Photo Sensitve Materials, Zheng Shi
Electrical, Optical And Chemical Properties Of Organic Photo Sensitve Materials, Zheng Shi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Light as a “green” source of energy has become increasingly attractive throughout the past century and has shown versatility for the application of activating chemical reactions. Compared with traditional energy sources, it provides a more direct, selective and controllable method. My PhD study was focused on the study of photochemistry of organic materials in two different systems. The first system is regarding reversible photoacids which generate protons on irradiation. With the aim of systematically studying these novel types of long lived photoacids, a series of photoacids was designed, synthesized and whose chemical mechanism was thoroughly investigated. This type of photoacid …
Fabrication Of Metallic Antenna Arrays Using Nanoimprint Lithography, Yu-Wei Lin
Fabrication Of Metallic Antenna Arrays Using Nanoimprint Lithography, Yu-Wei Lin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This Thesis describes the development of a cost-effective process for patterning nanoscale metal antenna arrays. Soft ultraviolet (UV) Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) into bilayer resist was chosen since it enables repeatable large-scale replication of nanoscale patterns with good lift-off properties using a simple low-cost process. Nanofabrication often involves the use of Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) which enables the definition of nanoscale patterns on small sample regions, typically < 1 mm 2 . However its sequential nature makes the large scale production of nanostructured substrates using EBL cost-prohibitive. NIL is a pattern replication method that can reproduce nanoscale patterns in a parallel fashion, allowing the low-cost and rapid production of a large number of nanopatterned samples based on a single nanostructured master mold. Standard NIL replicates patterns by pressing a nanostructured hard mold into a soft resist layer on a substrate resulting in exposed substrate regions, followed by an optional Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) step and the subsequent deposition of e.g. metal onto the exposed substrate area. However, non-vertical sidewalls of the features in the resist layer resulting from an imperfect hard mold, from reflow of the resist layer, or from isotropic etching in the RIE step iii may cause imperfect lift-off. To overcome this problem, a bilayer resist method can be used. Using stacked resist layers with different etch rates, undercut structures can be obtained after the RIE step, allowing for easy lift-off even when using a mold with non-vertical sidewalls. Experiments were carried out using a nanostructured negative SiO2 master mold. Various material combinations and processing methods were explored. The negative master mold was transferred to a positive soft mold, leaving the original master mold unaltered. The soft mold consisted of a 5 m thick top Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer, a 1.5 mm thick Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) buffer layer, and a glass supporting substrate. The soft mold was pressed into a bilayer of 300 nm PMMA and 350 nm of silicon based UV-curable resist that was spin-coated onto a glass slide, and cured using UV radiation. The imprinted patterns were etched using RIE, exposing the substrate, followed by metal deposition and lift-off. The experiments show that the use of soft molds enables successful pattern transfer even in the presence of small dust particles between the mold and the resist layer. Feature sizes down to 280 nm were replicated successfully
Can One Hear...? An Exploration Into Inverse Eigenvalue Problems Related To Musical Instruments, Christine Adams
Can One Hear...? An Exploration Into Inverse Eigenvalue Problems Related To Musical Instruments, Christine Adams
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The central theme of this thesis deals with problems related to the question, “Can one hear the shape of a drum?” first posed formally by Mark Kac in 1966. More precisely, can one determine the shape of a membrane with fixed boundary from the spectrum of the associated differential operator? For this paper, Kac received both the Lester Ford Award and the Chauvant Prize of the Mathematical Association of America. This problem has received a great deal of attention in the past forty years and has led to similar questions in completely different contexts such as “Can one hear the …
Curvelets And The Radon Transform, Jill Dickerson
Curvelets And The Radon Transform, Jill Dickerson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Computed Tomography (CT) is the standard in medical imaging field. In this study, we look at the curvelet transform in an attempt to use it as a basis for representing a function. In doing so, we seek a way to reconstruct a function from the Radon data that may produce clearer results. Using curvelet decomposition, any known function can be represented as a sum of curvelets with corresponding coefficients. It can be shown that these corresponding coefficients can be found using the Radon data, even if the function is unknown. The use of curvelets has the potential to solve partial …
Optimization Problem In Single Period Markets, Tian Jiang
Optimization Problem In Single Period Markets, Tian Jiang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There had been a number of researches that investigated on the security market without transaction costs. The focus of this research is in the area that when the security market with transaction costs is fair and in such fair market how one chooses a suitable portfolio to optimize the financial goal. The research approach adopted in this thesis includes linear algebra and elementary probability. The thesis provides evidence that we can maximize expected utility function to achieve our goal (maximize expected return under certain risk tolerance). The main conclusions drawn from this study are under certain conditions the security market …
A Compiler-Based Framework For Automatic Extraction Of Program Skeletons For Exascale Hardware/Software Co-Design, Amruth Rudraiah Dakshinamurthy
A Compiler-Based Framework For Automatic Extraction Of Program Skeletons For Exascale Hardware/Software Co-Design, Amruth Rudraiah Dakshinamurthy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The design of high-performance computing architectures requires performance analysis of largescale parallel applications to derive various parameters concerning hardware design and software development. The process of performance analysis and benchmarking an application can be done in several ways with varying degrees of fidelity. One of the most cost-effective ways is to do a coarse-grained study of large-scale parallel applications through the use of program skeletons. The concept of a “program skeleton” that we discuss in this paper is an abstracted program that is derived from a larger program where source code that is determined to be irrelevant is removed for …
An Adhesive Vinyl-Acrylic Electrolyte And Electrode Binder For Lithium Batteries, Binh Tran
An Adhesive Vinyl-Acrylic Electrolyte And Electrode Binder For Lithium Batteries, Binh Tran
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes a new vinyl-acrylic copolymer that displays great potential for applications in lithium ion batteries by enabling processes that are novel, faster, safer, and less costly than existing manufacturing methods. Overall, the works presented are based on tailored chemical synthesis directly applied to lithium ion battery manufacturing. Current manufacturing methods still have many flaws such as toxic processes and other time consuming if not costly steps. Understanding the chemistry of materials and processes related to battery manufacturing allows the design of techniques and methods that can ultimately improve the performance of existing batteries while reducing the cost. Chapter …
Exchange Coupling In Molecular Magnets: Zero, One And Three Dimensions, Asma Amjad
Exchange Coupling In Molecular Magnets: Zero, One And Three Dimensions, Asma Amjad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Molecular magnets with different dimensionality, whether they are zero-dimensional singlemolecule magnets (SMM) or one-dimensional single-chain magnets (SCM) are very interesting, since they allow probing the fundamental aspects bordering quantum and classical physics at the nanoscale level. This dissertation covers experimental studies of two Mn-based exchangecoupled molecule-based magnets and two Co-based single-chain magnets, using both dc Halleffect magnetometry and electron paramagnet resonance (EPR) techniques. In these multidimensional systems, the spin of the molecule exhibits quantum mechanical behavior at low temperature. It is quite interesting to observe the effect of magnetic exchange interactions on the magnetic properties of various complexes; hence they …
Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods, Rida Benhaddou
Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods, Rida Benhaddou
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the present dissertation, we investigate two different nonparametric models; empirical Bayes model and functional deconvolution model. In the case of the nonparametric empirical Bayes estimation, we carried out a complete minimax study. In particular, we derive minimax lower bounds for the risk of the nonparametric empirical Bayes estimator for a general conditional distribution. This result has never been obtained previously. In order to attain optimal convergence rates, we use a wavelet series based empirical Bayes estimator constructed in Pensky and Alotaibi (2005). We propose an adaptive version of this estimator using Lepski’s method and show that the estimator attains …
Non-Destructive Analysis Of Trace Textile Fiber Evidence Via Room-Temperature Fluorescence Spectrocopy, Krishnaveni Appalaneni
Non-Destructive Analysis Of Trace Textile Fiber Evidence Via Room-Temperature Fluorescence Spectrocopy, Krishnaveni Appalaneni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Forensic fiber evidence plays an important role in many criminal investigations. Nondestructive techniques that preserve the physical integrity of the fibers for further court examination are highly valuable in forensic science. Non-destructive techniques that can either discriminate between similar fibers or match a known to a questioned fiber - and still preserve the physical integrity of the fibers for further court examination - are highly valuable in forensic science. When fibers cannot be discriminated by non-destructive tests, the next reasonable step is to extract the questioned and known fibers for dye analysis with a more selective technique such as high-performance …
Bridging The Gap Between Fun And Fitness: Instructional Techniques And Real-World Applications For Full-Body Dance Games, Emiko Charbonneau
Bridging The Gap Between Fun And Fitness: Instructional Techniques And Real-World Applications For Full-Body Dance Games, Emiko Charbonneau
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Full-body controlled games offer the opportunity for not only entertainment, but education and exercise as well. Refined gameplay mechanics and content can boost intrinsic motivation and keep people playing over a long period of time, which is desirable for individuals who struggle with maintaining a regular exercise program. Within this gameplay genre, dance rhythm games have proven to be popular with game console owners. Yet, while other types of games utilize story mechanics that keep players engaged for dozens of hours, motion-controlled dance games are just beginning to incorporate these elements. In addition, this control scheme is still young, only …
Valuation Of Over-The-Counter (Otc) Derivatives With Collateralization, Leon Guerrero
Valuation Of Over-The-Counter (Otc) Derivatives With Collateralization, Leon Guerrero
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Collateralization in over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives markets has grown rapidly over the past decade, and even faster in the past few years, due to the impact of the recent financial crisis and the particularly important attention to the counterparty credit risk in derivatives contracts. The addition of collateralization to such contracts significantly reduces the counterparty credit risk and allows to offset liabilities in case of default. We study the problem of valuation of OTC derivatives with payoff in a single currency and with single underlying asset for the cases of zero, partial, and perfect collateralization. We assume the derivative is traded …
Dynamic Feedback Pulse Shaping For High Power Chirped Pulse Amplification System, Dat Nguyen
Dynamic Feedback Pulse Shaping For High Power Chirped Pulse Amplification System, Dat Nguyen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The topic of this proposal is the development of high peak power laser sources with a focus on linearly chirped pulse laser sources. In the past decade chirped optical pulses have found a plethora of applications such as photonic analog-to-digital conversion, optical coherence tomography, laser ranging, etc. This dissertation analyzes the aforementioned applications of linearly chirped pulses and their technical requirements, as well as the performance of previously demonstrated parabolic pulse shaping approaches. The experimental research addresses the topic of parabolic pulse generation in two distinct ways. First, pulse shaping technique involving a time domain approach is presented, that results …