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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

On Modules Which Satisfy The Radical Formula, Bülent Saraç, Yücel Tiraş Jan 2013

On Modules Which Satisfy The Radical Formula, Bülent Saraç, Yücel Tiraş

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, the authors prove that every representable module over a commutative ring with identity satisfies the radical formula. With this result, they extend the class of modules satisfying the radical formula from that of Artinian modules to a larger one. They conclude their work by giving a description of the radical of a submodule of a representable module.


On Theta Pair For A Proper Subalgebra, Ali Reza Salemkar, Sara Chehrazi, Hamid Mohammadzadeh Jan 2013

On Theta Pair For A Proper Subalgebra, Ali Reza Salemkar, Sara Chehrazi, Hamid Mohammadzadeh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For a proper subalgebra K of a finite dimensional Lie algebra L, a pair (A,B) of subalgebras of L is called a \theta-pair if L = \langle A,K\rangle, B is the largest ideal of L contained in A\cap K and for each proper subalgebra C/B of A/B which is an ideal of L/B, we have L\neq C+K. In this article, using this concept, we give some characterizations of solvability and supersolvability of a finite dimensional Lie algebra.


Generalized Sobolev-Shubin Spaces, Boundedness And Schatten Class Properties Of Toeplitz Operators, Ayşe Sandikçi, Ahmet Turan Gürkanli Jan 2013

Generalized Sobolev-Shubin Spaces, Boundedness And Schatten Class Properties Of Toeplitz Operators, Ayşe Sandikçi, Ahmet Turan Gürkanli

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let w and \omega be two weight functions on R^{2d} and 1 \leq p,q \leq \infty. Also let M(p,q,\omega) (R^d) denote the subspace of tempered distributions S' (R^d) consisting of f \in S' (R^d) such that the Gabor transform V_g f of f is in the weighted Lorentz space L(p,q,\omega d\mu) (R^{2d}) . In the present paper we define a space Q_{g,w}^{M(p,q,\omega) (R^d) as counter image of M(p,q,\omega) (R^d) under Toeplitz operator with symbol w. We show that Q_{g,w}^{M(p,q,\omega)}(R^d) is a generalization of usual Sobolev-Shubin space Q_s (R^d). We also investigate the boundedness and Schatten-class properties of Toeplitz operators.


On The Nilpotent Graph Of A Ring, Mohammad Javad Nikmehr, Soheila Khojasteh Jan 2013

On The Nilpotent Graph Of A Ring, Mohammad Javad Nikmehr, Soheila Khojasteh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let R be a ring with unity. The nilpotent graph of R, denoted by \Gamma_N(R), is a graph with vertex set Z_N(R)^* = {0 \neq x \in R \mid xy \in N(R) for some 0 \neq y \in R}; and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy \in N(R), where N(R) is the set of all nilpotent elements of R. Recently, it has been proved that if R is a left Artinian ring, then diam(\Gamma_N(R)) \leq 3. In this paper, we present a new proof for the above result, where R is a finite …


On Some Results On Ip-Graphs, Roghayeh Hafezieh, Moohammadali Iranmanesh Jan 2013

On Some Results On Ip-Graphs, Roghayeh Hafezieh, Moohammadali Iranmanesh

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The IP-graph of a naturally valenced association scheme and some of its properties have been studied recently. In this paper we introduce the bipartite version of this graph for a naturally valenced association scheme (X,S), denoted by BIP(S). We also investigate some of its properties.


Finite Rings And Wilson's Theorem, Yasuyuki Hirano, Manabu Matsuoka Jan 2013

Finite Rings And Wilson's Theorem, Yasuyuki Hirano, Manabu Matsuoka

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we consider the product of all elements in the group of units in a finite ring and we generalize Wilson's theorem to finite rings. As an application, we study some generalizations of Wilson's theorem on residually finite Dedekind domains. And we also give some examples for such rings. Moreover we study some generalizations of Wilson's theorem on rings of matrices over a finite commutative ring.


On The Centroid Of Prime Semirings, Hasret Yazarli, Mehmet Ali̇ Öztürk Jan 2013

On The Centroid Of Prime Semirings, Hasret Yazarli, Mehmet Ali̇ Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We define and study the extended centroid of a prime semiring. We show that the extended centroid is a semifield and give some properties of the centroid of a right multiplicatively cancellable prime semiring.


Finitistic Dimension Conjectures For Representations Of Quivers, Sergio Estrada, Salahatti̇n Özdemi̇r Jan 2013

Finitistic Dimension Conjectures For Representations Of Quivers, Sergio Estrada, Salahatti̇n Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let R be a ring and Q be a quiver. We prove the first Finitistic Dimension Conjecture to be true for RQ, the path ring of Q over R, provided that R satisfies the conjecture. In fact, we prove that if the little and the big finitistic dimensions of R coincide and equal n


Products Of Conjugacy Classes And Products Of Irreducible Characters In Finite Groups, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh, Sajjad Mahmood Robati Jan 2013

Products Of Conjugacy Classes And Products Of Irreducible Characters In Finite Groups, Mohammad Reza Darafsheh, Sajjad Mahmood Robati

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let G be a finite group. If A and B are two conjugacy classes in G, then AB is a union of conjugacy classes in G and \eta(AB) denotes the number of distinct conjugacy classes of G contained in AB. If \chi and \psi are two complex irreducible characters of G, then \chi\psi is a character of G and again we let \eta(\chi\psi) be the number of irreducible characters of G appearing as constituents of \chi\psi. In this paper our aim is to study the product of conjugacy classes in a finite group and obtain an upper bound for \eta …


Global Existence, Decay And Blow Up Solutions For Coupled Nonlinear Wave Equations With Damping And Source Terms, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n, Necat Polat Jan 2013

Global Existence, Decay And Blow Up Solutions For Coupled Nonlinear Wave Equations With Damping And Source Terms, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n, Necat Polat

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study the initial-boundary value problem for a system of nonlinear wave equations with nonlinear damping and source terms, in a bounded domain. The decay estimates of the energy function are established by using Nakao's inequality. The nonexistence of global solutions is discussed under some conditions on the given parameters.


Bbm Equation With Non-Constant Coefficients, Amutha Senthilkumar Jan 2013

Bbm Equation With Non-Constant Coefficients, Amutha Senthilkumar

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this article, a model for the propagation of long waves over an uneven bottom is considered. We provide both theoretical and numerical results for this model. We also discuss the changes which occur in a solitary wave solution of the BBM equation as it travels through a channel of decreasing depth.


On Integrability Of Golden Riemannian Structures, Aydin Gezer, Nejmi̇ Cengi̇z, Arif Salimov Jan 2013

On Integrability Of Golden Riemannian Structures, Aydin Gezer, Nejmi̇ Cengi̇z, Arif Salimov

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The main purpose of the present paper is to study the geometry of Riemannian manifolds endowed with Golden structures. We discuss the problem of integrability for Golden Riemannian structures by using a \phi-operator which is applied to pure tensor fields. Also, the curvature properties for Golden Riemannian metrics and some properties of twin Golden Riemannian metrics are investigated. Finally, some examples are presented.


Second Order Approximations In Sequential Point Estimation Of The Probability Of Zero In Poisson Distribution, Eisa Mahmoudi, Mohammad Hatami Kamin Jan 2013

Second Order Approximations In Sequential Point Estimation Of The Probability Of Zero In Poisson Distribution, Eisa Mahmoudi, Mohammad Hatami Kamin

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In the analysis of the count data, the Poisson model becomes overtly restrictive in the case of over-dispersed or under-dispersed data. When count data are under-dispersed, specific models such as generalized linear models (GLM) are proposed. Other examples are the zero-inflated Poisson model (ZIP) and zero-truncated Poisson model (ZTP), which have been used in literature to deal with an excess or absence of zeros in count data. Thus having a knowledge of the probability of zeros and its estimation in Poisson distribution can be significant and useful. Some estimation problems with unknown parameter cannot attain minimum risk where the sample …


A Scheme Over Prime Spectrum Of Modules, Ahmad Abbasi, Dawood Hassanzadeh Lelekami Jan 2013

A Scheme Over Prime Spectrum Of Modules, Ahmad Abbasi, Dawood Hassanzadeh Lelekami

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and let M be an R-module with X=Spec(M). It is introduced a scheme O_X on the prime spectrum of M and some of its properties have been investigated.


Global And Finitistic Dimension Of Hopf-Galois Extensions, Ling Liu, Qiaoling Guo Jan 2013

Global And Finitistic Dimension Of Hopf-Galois Extensions, Ling Liu, Qiaoling Guo

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let H be a Hopf algebra over a field k and A/B a right H-Galois extension. Then in this note a spectral sequence for Ext will be constructed which yields the estimate for global dimension of A in terms of the corresponding data for H and B. As an application, we obtain the Maschke-type theorems for crossed products and twisted smash products. Finally, the relationship of finitistic dimensions between A and B will be given, if H is semisimple.


Generalized Derivations Of Prime Rings On Multilinear Polynomials With Annihilator Conditions, Nurcan Argaç, Çağri Demi̇r Jan 2013

Generalized Derivations Of Prime Rings On Multilinear Polynomials With Annihilator Conditions, Nurcan Argaç, Çağri Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let K be a commutative ring with unity, R be a prime K-algebra with characteristic not 2, U be the right Utumi quotient ring of R, C the extended centroid of R, I a nonzero right ideal of R and a a fixed element of R. Let g be a generalized derivation of R and f(X_1,..., X_n) a multilinear polynomial over K. If ag(f(x_1,...,x_n))f(x_1,...,x_n)=0 for all x_1,...,x_n \in I, then one of the following holds: (1) aI=ag(I)=0; (2) g(x)=bx+[c,x] for all x\in R, where b,c\in U. In this case either [c,I]I=0=abI or aI=0=a(b+c)I; (3) [f(X_1,...,X_n),X_{n+1}]X_{n+2} is an identity for I.


Strongly Gorenstein Flat And Gorenstein Fp-Injective Modules, Chunhua Yang Jan 2013

Strongly Gorenstein Flat And Gorenstein Fp-Injective Modules, Chunhua Yang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we first study the properties of strongly Gorenstein flat (resp. Gorenstein FP-injective) modules which are special Gorenstein projective (resp. Gorenstein injective) modules, and use them to prove that the global strongly Gorenstein flat dimension and the global Gorenstein FP-injective dimension of a ring R are identical when R is n-FC or commutative coherent. Finally, we show that if R is a commutative Noetherian ring, then, for any R-module M, SGfd_RM=Gpd_RM, and hence SGfd_RM< \infty if and only if Gfd_RM


Some Properties On The Baer-Invariant Of A Pair Of Groups And V_G-Marginal Series, Mohammad Reza Rismanchian, Mehdi Araskhan Jan 2013

Some Properties On The Baer-Invariant Of A Pair Of Groups And V_G-Marginal Series, Mohammad Reza Rismanchian, Mehdi Araskhan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The aim of this paper is to present some properties of the Baer-invariant of a pair of groups with respect to a given variety of groups V. We derive some equalities and inequalities of the Baer-invariant of a pair of finite groups, as long as V is considered to be a Schur-Baer variety. Moreover, we present a relative version of the concept of lower marginal series and give some isomorphisms among V_G-marginal factor groups. Also, we conclude a generalized version of the Stallings' theorem.


On Quasiconformal Harmonic Mappings Lifting To Minimal Surfaces, Hakan Mete Taştan, Yaşar Polatoğlu Jan 2013

On Quasiconformal Harmonic Mappings Lifting To Minimal Surfaces, Hakan Mete Taştan, Yaşar Polatoğlu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove a growth theorem for a function to belong to the class \sum(\mu;a) and generalize a Weierstrass-Enneper representation type theorem for the minimal surfaces given in [5] to spacelike minimal surfaces which lie in 3-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space L^3. We also obtain some estimates of the Gaussian curvature of the minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 and of the spacelike minimal surfaces in L^3.


(P,\\Lambda)-Koszul Algebras And Modules, Ii, Jiafeng Lu Jan 2013

(P,\\Lambda)-Koszul Algebras And Modules, Ii, Jiafeng Lu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper is a continuous work of [14], where the notions of (p,\lambda)-Koszul algebra and (p,\lambda)-Koszul module were first introduced. More precisely, some new criteria for a positively graded algebra to be (p,\lambda)-Koszul are provided. We also generalize (p,\lambda)-Koszul objects to the nongraded case and define the so-called quasi-(p,\lambda)-Koszul objects. Further, the relationships between (quasi-) (p,\lambda)-Koszul modules and minimal Horseshoe Lemma are established.


Existence And Multiplicity Of Positive Solutions For A Class Of Nonlinear Elliptic Problems, Asadollah Aghajani, Jamile Shamshiri, Frajollah Mohammadi Yaghoobi Jan 2013

Existence And Multiplicity Of Positive Solutions For A Class Of Nonlinear Elliptic Problems, Asadollah Aghajani, Jamile Shamshiri, Frajollah Mohammadi Yaghoobi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study the existence and multiplicity of nonnegative solutions for the nonlinear elliptic problem, -\Delta u+v(x)u=a(x)u^p+\lambda f(x,u) for x\in\Omega and u=0 on \partial\Omega, where \Omega is a bounded region in R^N, N>2, 1


Strong Solution For A High Order Boundary Value Problem With Integral Condition, Ahcene Merad, Ahmed Lakhdar Marhoune Jan 2013

Strong Solution For A High Order Boundary Value Problem With Integral Condition, Ahcene Merad, Ahmed Lakhdar Marhoune

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The present paper is devoted to a proof of the existence and uniqueness of strong solution for a high order boundary value problem with integral condition. The proof is based by a priori estimate and on the density of the range of the operator generated by the studied problem.


Contact 3-Structure Qr-Warped Product Submanifold In Sasakian Space Form, Esmaiel Abedi, Ghorbanali Haghighatdoost, Mohammad Ilmakchi, Zahra Nazari Jan 2013

Contact 3-Structure Qr-Warped Product Submanifold In Sasakian Space Form, Esmaiel Abedi, Ghorbanali Haghighatdoost, Mohammad Ilmakchi, Zahra Nazari

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In the present paper we obtain sharp estimates for the squared norm of the second fundamental form in terms of the mapping function for contact 3-structure CR-warped products isometrically immersed in Sasakian space form.


Sasakian Finsler Manifolds, Ayşe Funda Yaliniz, Nesri̇n Çalişkan Jan 2013

Sasakian Finsler Manifolds, Ayşe Funda Yaliniz, Nesri̇n Çalişkan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this study, almost contact Finsler structures on vector bundle are defined and the condition of normality in terms of the Nijenhuis torsion N_{\phi} of almost contact Finsler structure is obtained. It is shown that for a K-contact structure on Finsler manifold \nabla_X \xi =-\frac{1}{2} \phi X and the flag curvature for plane sections containing \xi are equal to \frac{1}{4}. By using the Sasakian Finsler structure, the curvatures of a Finsler connection \nabla on V are obtained. We prove that a locally symmetric Finsler manifold with K-contact Finsler structure has a constant curvature \frac{1}{4}. Also, the Ricci curvature on Finsler …


On Nash\'S 4-Sphere And Property 2r, Motoo Tange Jan 2013

On Nash\'S 4-Sphere And Property 2r, Motoo Tange

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

D. Nash defined a family of homotopy 4-spheres in [11]. Proving that his manifolds S_{m,n,m',n'} are all real S^4, we show that they have handle decomposition with no 1-handles, two 2-handles and two 3-handles. The handle structures give new potential counterexamples to the Property 2R conjecture.


On Nearly Kenmotsu Manifolds, Behzad Najafi, Niloufar Hosseinpour Kashani Jan 2013

On Nearly Kenmotsu Manifolds, Behzad Najafi, Niloufar Hosseinpour Kashani

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove that on a nearly Kenmotsu manifold a second-order symmetric closed recurrent tensor is a multiple of the associated metric tensor. We then find the necessary condition under which a vector field on a nearly Kenmotsu manifold will be a strict contact or Killing vector field. Finally, we prove that every \phi-recurrent nearly Kenmotsu manifold is an Einstein manifold and every locally \phi-recurrent nearly Kenmotsu manifold is a manifold of constant curvature -1 .


Scalar Curvature And Symmetry Properties Of Lightlike Submanifolds}, Cyriaque Atindogbe, Oscar Lungiambudila, Joel Tossa Jan 2013

Scalar Curvature And Symmetry Properties Of Lightlike Submanifolds}, Cyriaque Atindogbe, Oscar Lungiambudila, Joel Tossa

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, the induced Ricci tensor and the extrinsic scalar curvature on lightlike submanifolds are obtained. This scalar quantity extend the result given by C. Atindogbe in [1]. An example of extrinsic scalar curvature on one class of 2-degenerate manifolds is provided. We investigate lightlike submanifolds which are locally symmetric, semi-symmetric, Ricci semi-symmetric in indefinite spaces form. In the coisotropic case, we show that, under some conditions, these lightlike submanifolds are totally geodesic.


Isoclinic Extensions Of Lie Algebras, Hamid Mohammadzadeh, Ali Reza Salemkar, Zahra Riyahi Jan 2013

Isoclinic Extensions Of Lie Algebras, Hamid Mohammadzadeh, Ali Reza Salemkar, Zahra Riyahi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this article we introduce the notion of the equivalence relation, isoclinism, on the central extensions of Lie algebras, and determine all central extensions occurring in an isoclinism class of a given central extension. We also show that under some conditions, the concepts of isoclinism and isomorphism between the central extensions of finite dimensional Lie algebras are identical. Finally, the connection between isoclinic extensions and the Schur multiplier of Lie algebras are discussed.


On The Existence Of Nonzero Injective Covers And Projective Envelopes Of Modules, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Xianmei Song Jan 2013

On The Existence Of Nonzero Injective Covers And Projective Envelopes Of Modules, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Xianmei Song

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In general, the injective cover (projective envelope) of a simple module can be zero. A ring R is called a weakly left V-ring (strongly left Kasch ring) if every simple left R-module has a nonzero injective cover (projective envelope). It is proven that every nonzero left R-module has a nonzero injective cover if and only if R is a left Artinian weakly left V-ring. Dually, every nonzero left R-module has a nonzero projective envelope if and only if R is a left perfect right coherent strongly left Kasch ring. Some related rings and examples are considered.


Bifurcations And Parametric Representations Of Traveling Wave Solutions For The Green--Naghdi Equations, Shengqiang Tang, Libing Zeng, Dahe Feng Jan 2013

Bifurcations And Parametric Representations Of Traveling Wave Solutions For The Green--Naghdi Equations, Shengqiang Tang, Libing Zeng, Dahe Feng

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

By using the bifurcation theory of dynamical systems to study the dynamical behavior of the Green--Naghdi equations, the existence of solitary wave solutions along with smooth periodic traveling wave solutions is obtained. Under different regions of parametric spaces, various sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of the above solutions are given. Some exact and explicit parametric representations of traveling wave solutions are constructed.