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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An Assessment Of The Effects Of Desertification In Yobe State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd
An Assessment Of The Effects Of Desertification In Yobe State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental and socio-economic problems of our time. Desertification describes circumstances of land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions resulting from the climatic variation and human activities. The fundamental goal of this thesis was to assess the effects of desertification in Yobe State, Nigeria. The present threat of desertification in the sahel has reached an alarming stage where crops cultivation and animal rearing/grazing are no more productive, soil has lost its nutrient/fertility, various infrastructure had given way because of windstorm from the neighbouring Niger Republic and sand dunes had taken over. The …
Using Remote Sensing Data To Improve Rice Production In Kutigi, Niger State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd, M B. Yunusa
Using Remote Sensing Data To Improve Rice Production In Kutigi, Niger State, Nigeria, Jibril Musa Phd, M B. Yunusa
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
This research work looked in the used of Remote Sensing to improve Agricultural production in Kutigi, Niger State. The aim of the study is to use remote sensing to improve rice farming activities in Kutigi, Niger State. It is very important to identify such methods to improve Agricultural production because experts are always interested in new researches and findings to better the standard of living in any environment. In view of this, Remotely-sensed data could be used or employed to elevate most of these agricultural problems in Kutigi through the following objectives: Using Landsat imagery to assess the present landuse …
Modelling Three-Phase Flow In Metallurgical Processes, Christoph Goniva, Gijsbert Wierink, Kari Heiskanen, Stefan Pirker, Christoph Kloss
Modelling Three-Phase Flow In Metallurgical Processes, Christoph Goniva, Gijsbert Wierink, Kari Heiskanen, Stefan Pirker, Christoph Kloss
Gijsbert Wierink
The interaction between gasses, liquids, and solids plays a critical role in many processes, such as coating, granulation and the blast furnace process. In this paper we present a comprehensive numerical model for three phase flow including droplets, particles and gas. By means of a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach the physical core phenomena are pictured at a detailed level. Sub-models for droplet deformation, breakup and coalescence as well as droplet-particle and wet particle-particle interaction are applied. The feasibility of this model approach is demonstrated by its application to a rotating drum coater. The …
Mapping The Surface Characteristics Of The Mojave With Remote Sensing For Terrestrial Habitat Modeling, Scott A. Nowicki
Mapping The Surface Characteristics Of The Mojave With Remote Sensing For Terrestrial Habitat Modeling, Scott A. Nowicki
Scott A Nowicki
High-resolution ecological and climate modeling requires quantification of surface characteristics such as rock abundance, soil induration and surface roughness at fine-scale, since these features can affect the micro and macro habitat of a given area and ultimately determine the assemblage of plant and animal species that may occur there. Our objective is to develop quantitative data layers of thermophysical properties of the entire Mojave Desert Ecoregion for applications to habitat modeling being conducted by the USGS Western Ecological Research Center. These research efforts are focused on developing habitat models and a better physical understanding of the Mojave Desert, which have …
Variations In Climatic Parameters And Food Crop Yields: Implications On Food Security In Benue State, Nigeria., Emmanuel Adamgbe, Fanan Ujoh
Variations In Climatic Parameters And Food Crop Yields: Implications On Food Security In Benue State, Nigeria., Emmanuel Adamgbe, Fanan Ujoh
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
Agricultural production in Nigeria like in other developing countries is highly vulnerable to variations in climatic parameters which may have inverse or direct effect on the performance of food crops. This paper examines the patterns and trends of the variations in the climatic parameters and the implications of such variations on efficient yield rates of some food crops in Benue State using data on climatic variables (rainfall, temperature, sunshine) and the yield of some crops per hectare for 25 years (1986-2010). Data on the climatic variables were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency, AirForce Base, Makurdi while the data on …
Identifying The Retention Mechanisms Of (Bio)Colloids In Single, Saturated, Variable-Aperture Fractures, Sandrina Rodrigues
Identifying The Retention Mechanisms Of (Bio)Colloids In Single, Saturated, Variable-Aperture Fractures, Sandrina Rodrigues
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Evidence That Glucose Is The Major Transferred Metabolite In Dinoflagellate–Cnidarian Symbiosis, Matthew S. Burriesci, Ted K. Raab, John R. Pringle
Evidence That Glucose Is The Major Transferred Metabolite In Dinoflagellate–Cnidarian Symbiosis, Matthew S. Burriesci, Ted K. Raab, John R. Pringle
Ted K. Raab
Reef-building corals and many other cnidarians are symbiotic with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. It has long been known that the endosymbiotic algae transfer much of their photosynthetically fixed carbon to the host and that this can provide much of the hostʼs total energy. However, it has remained unclear which metabolite(s) are directly translocated from the algae into the host tissue. We reexamined this question in the small sea anemone Aiptasia using labeling of intact animals in the light with 13C-bicarbonate, rapid homogenization and separation of animal and algal fractions, and analysis of metabolite labeling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We …
Libraries At The University Of Massachusetts Amherst: Seeking An International Perspective, Maxine G. Schmidt
Libraries At The University Of Massachusetts Amherst: Seeking An International Perspective, Maxine G. Schmidt
Maxine G Schmidt
Presentation delivered to librarians in China, Japan and South Korea as part of my sabbatical research on the use of libraries by Asian students in their home countries.
Sediment Geochemistry Of River Okura: Implication To Weathering And Transport, Y B. Gideon, F B. Fatoye
Sediment Geochemistry Of River Okura: Implication To Weathering And Transport, Y B. Gideon, F B. Fatoye
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
Rocks, soils and bed sediments of River Okura catchment area in Anambra basin have been analysed for major oxides using minipal 4 ED version of XRF machine. A total number of five (5) rocks and twenty (20) samples of soil, river bed sediments for each were collected from the study area. These results have been used to characterize and deduce the effect of weathering and transport in the study area. Chemical composition and field studies assessment of the rock(s) in the study area indicated lithic arenite type of sandstone. Results of soils analyses shows a compositional enrichment of Fe2O3 (12.54%) …
Environmental Impacts Of Stover Removal In The Corn Belt, Alicia English, Wallace E. Tyner, Juan Sesmero, Phillip Owens, David J. Muth Jr.
Environmental Impacts Of Stover Removal In The Corn Belt, Alicia English, Wallace E. Tyner, Juan Sesmero, Phillip Owens, David J. Muth Jr.
David J. Muth
When considering the market for biomass from corn stover resources erosion and soil quality issues are important to consider. Removal of stover can be beneficial in some areas, especially when coordinated with other conservation practices, such as vegetative barrier strips and cover crops. However, benefits are highly dependent on several factors, namely if farmers see costs and benefits associated with erosion and the tradeoffs with the removal of biomass. This paper uses results from an integrated RUSLE2/WEPS model to incorporate six different regime choices, covering management, harvest and conservation, into a simple profit maximization model to show these tradeoffs.
Preliminary Lineament Analysis Within The Vicinity Of Kainji Dam, Nigeria Using Ers-1 Sar Image, M S. Kolawole, E G. Ameh, A Daniel
Preliminary Lineament Analysis Within The Vicinity Of Kainji Dam, Nigeria Using Ers-1 Sar Image, M S. Kolawole, E G. Ameh, A Daniel
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
Various affordable, operational technologies such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can significantly contribute to improved efficiency. The main focus of the project has been directed to the use of remote sensing to gain geological and geohazard information. This study examines the use of Remote Sensing (RS) technology in geological studies of Kainji area. Radar SAR images were used to classify the various geological fractures found in the area located in the Northern part of Nigeria. A wide variety of digital image processing techniques were applied such as the Principal Components (PC) analysis and ratioing. ERS-1 SAR image that …
Dynamics Of Land Use/Land Cover Changes And Its Implication On Food Security In Anyigba, North Central, Nigeria, Tokula E. Arome, Sunday P. Ejaro (Phd)
Dynamics Of Land Use/Land Cover Changes And Its Implication On Food Security In Anyigba, North Central, Nigeria, Tokula E. Arome, Sunday P. Ejaro (Phd)
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
This study assessed land use/land cover changes and its effect on Agricultural land in Anyigba. The objectives were to identify and delineate different land use / land cover categories, assess the rate of change that occurred and examine the impact of land use/land cover change on food security using satellite remote sensing data collected at three different years (1987 Land sat TM, 2001 Land Sat TM and 2011 Land Sat ETM). The study utilized GIS software such as Idrisi Andes academic and ArcGIS 9.3. The study area covers approximately 31.8km2, and four major land use/cover classes were utilized (built up, …
Using Marine Snails To Teach Biogeography And Macroevolution: The Role Of Larvae And Dispersal Ability In The Evolution And Persistence Of Species, Jonathan R. Hendricks
Using Marine Snails To Teach Biogeography And Macroevolution: The Role Of Larvae And Dispersal Ability In The Evolution And Persistence Of Species, Jonathan R. Hendricks
Jonathan R. Hendricks
While some marine animals are capable of traveling great distances, many have limited mobility as adults and spend the majority of their lifetimes in a small geographical area or may even be cemented to a single place. While it might be expected that species with limited mobility would have small geographic distributions, some nevertheless occur over very large areas. This is the case for some marine snails (gastropods). A key factor that impacts the geographic distribution of marine snails is the type of larvae they have during the phase of their life history that follows hatching from an egg. Because …
Socio-Economic Effects Of Demolishing Squatter Settlements And Illegal Structures In Abuja Metropolis, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Ishaku Iy Mallo Phd, Victor G. Obasanya
Socio-Economic Effects Of Demolishing Squatter Settlements And Illegal Structures In Abuja Metropolis, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Ishaku Iy Mallo Phd, Victor G. Obasanya
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
Abuja the Federal Capital Territory and study area is located between latitudes 8o25’ and 9o25’ North of the Equator and longitudes 6o45’ and 7o45’ East of the Greenwich Meridian. The study was carried out in Abuja Phase 1, and it is aimed at highlighting various socioeconomic effects of demolition of illegal structures and informal or squatter settlements on the people within the study area. Data was collected through reconnaissance survey, personal interviews with respondents, and a well laid out questionnaire. The results indicate that the demolition exercise embarked upon by the authorities in the Federal Capital Territory was a response …
Rainfall Variability And Crop Zones Classification For The Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Shaibu M. Hassan Phd
Rainfall Variability And Crop Zones Classification For The Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Shaibu M. Hassan Phd
Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria
This study aims at analyzing agro-climatological parameters and establishing a link between some selected agro-climatological indices and sustainability of agricultural production in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Two sets of data, climatic and crop yield data were collected and subjected to various agro-climatological analyses. Agro-climatological analyses include the derivation of Onset, Cessation and Length of Rainy Season (LRS), Seasonality Index, Drought Index and Precipitation Periodicity Index. The statistical analyses include monthly and annual means, deviation from the mean, trend line. The result of moisture index in line with crops optimum moisture requirement was used to classify the Territory into agro-climatic …
Mapping Lava Flows From Nyamuragira Volcano (1967-2011) With Satellite Data And Automated Classification Methods, Elisabet Head, Ann L. Maclean, Simon A. Carn
Mapping Lava Flows From Nyamuragira Volcano (1967-2011) With Satellite Data And Automated Classification Methods, Elisabet Head, Ann L. Maclean, Simon A. Carn
Elisabet Head
The volume, location and extent of historical lava flows are important when assessing volcanic hazards, as well as the productivity or longevity of a volcanic system. We use a Landsat/Hyperion/ALI dataset and automated classification methods to map lava flows at Nyamuragira volcano (1967-2011) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The humid tropical climate ofNyamuragira is advantageous because its lava flows are emplaced onto heavily forested flanks, resulting in strong contrast between lava and vegetation, which contributes to efficient flow mapping. With increasing age, there is an increase in Landsat band-4 reflectance, suggesting lava flow revegetation with time. This results …
A Comparison Of Three Terrain Parameters That May Be Used To Identify Denudation Surfaces Within A Gis: A Case Study From Wales, United Kingdom., Matt D. Rowberry
A Comparison Of Three Terrain Parameters That May Be Used To Identify Denudation Surfaces Within A Gis: A Case Study From Wales, United Kingdom., Matt D. Rowberry
Matt D Rowberry
The study of denudation surfaces has long formed a major theme within geomorphic and tectonic research. This paper describes the computational methods used to identify these surfaces through three terrain parameters within a GIS. The investigated parameters are slope angle, relative relief, and the elevation-relief ratio. The study area under consideration is that of Wales, United Kingdom. The SRTM DEM forms the basis of this investigation, with all data interrogation undertaken in ArcMap 9.3. The computational methods are described in detail and then the results relating to each terrain parameter are compared. The denudation surface maps based on slope angle …
The Monitoring Of Slow Moving Landslides And Assessment Of Stabilisation Measures Using An Optical-Mechanical Crack Gauge, Jan Klimeš, Matt D. Rowberry, Jan Blahůt, Miloš Briestenský, Filip Hartvich, Blahoslav Košťák, Jan Rybář, Josef Stemberk, Petra Štěpančíková
The Monitoring Of Slow Moving Landslides And Assessment Of Stabilisation Measures Using An Optical-Mechanical Crack Gauge, Jan Klimeš, Matt D. Rowberry, Jan Blahůt, Miloš Briestenský, Filip Hartvich, Blahoslav Košťák, Jan Rybář, Josef Stemberk, Petra Štěpančíková
Matt D Rowberry
It is possible to monitor slow moving landslides and assess landslide stabilisation measures over protracted periods using an optical-mechanical crack gauge, called a TM-71. This technical note outlines the theoretical background to the gauge and illustrates its practical application through a number of case studies. These studies are drawn from a range of landslide types and stabilisation measures. In terms of monitoring slow moving landslides, three studies of deep-seated deformations are presented. The Taukliman coastal landslide on the Black Sea Coast is characterised by vertical and horizontal displacements of up to 0.2 mm.yr-1 and sudden earthquake-induced dilations of up to …
The Relationship Between Surface Kinematics And Deformation Of The Whole Lithosphere, Rebecca Bendick
The Relationship Between Surface Kinematics And Deformation Of The Whole Lithosphere, Rebecca Bendick
Rebecca Bendick
No abstract provided.
Lithospheric Strength And Strain Localization In Continental Extension From Observations Of The East Africa Rift, Rebecca Bendick
Lithospheric Strength And Strain Localization In Continental Extension From Observations Of The East Africa Rift, Rebecca Bendick
Rebecca Bendick
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Hydrodynamic Forces On The Transport And Retention Of Colloids In Single Saturated Dolomitic Limestone Fractures, Mike Schutten
The Influence Of Hydrodynamic Forces On The Transport And Retention Of Colloids In Single Saturated Dolomitic Limestone Fractures, Mike Schutten
Sarah E Dickson
No abstract provided.
Water Table Height And Microtopography Control Biogeochemical Cycling In An Arctic Coastal Tundra Ecosystem, David A. Lipson, Donatella Zona, Ted K. Raab, Francis Bozzolo, Marguerite Mauritz, Walter C. Oechel
Water Table Height And Microtopography Control Biogeochemical Cycling In An Arctic Coastal Tundra Ecosystem, David A. Lipson, Donatella Zona, Ted K. Raab, Francis Bozzolo, Marguerite Mauritz, Walter C. Oechel
Ted K. Raab
Drained thaw lake basins (DTLB’s) are the dominant land form of the Arctic Coastal Plain in northern Alaska. The presence of continuous permafrost prevents drainage and so water tables generally remain close to the soil surface, creating saturated, suboxic soil conditions. However, ice wedge polygons produce microtopographic variation in these landscapes, with raised areas such as polygon rims creating more oxic microenvironments. The peat soils in this ecosystem store large amounts of organic carbon which is vulnerable to loss as arctic regions continue to rapidly warm, and so there is great motivation to understand the controls over microbial activity in …
Landscape Management For Sustainable Supplies Of Bioenergy Feedstock And Enhanced Soil Quality, Douglas L. Karlen, David J. Muth Jr.
Landscape Management For Sustainable Supplies Of Bioenergy Feedstock And Enhanced Soil Quality, Douglas L. Karlen, David J. Muth Jr.
David J. Muth
Agriculture can simultaneously address global food, feed, fi ber, and energy challenges provided our soil, water, and air resources are not compromised in doing so. As we embark on the 19th Triennial Conference of the International Soil and Tillage Research Organization (ISTRO), I am pleased to proclaim that our members are well poised to lead these endeavors because of our comprehensive understanding of soil, water, agricultural and bio-systems engineering processes. The concept of landscape management, as an approach for integrating multiple bioenergy feedstock sources, including biomass residuals, into current crop production systems, is used as the focal point to show …
Influences Of Active Tectonism On Human Development: A Review And Neolithic Example, Eric R. Force, Bruce G. Mcfadgen
Influences Of Active Tectonism On Human Development: A Review And Neolithic Example, Eric R. Force, Bruce G. Mcfadgen
Eric R Force
Two groups of researchers have independently studied the effects of active tectonism on human development. The first group focuses on tectonically influenced topography in providing varied food sources, security, natural hunting traps, and water resources through Paleolithic times. The second group suggests that active tectonism forced the pace of cultural change in antiquity, accelerating the development of cultural complexity in comparison to neighbors in tectonically quiescent areas. Economic, political, religious, and other modern evidence indicates that this may still be the case. Similarly, the effects of tectonically influenced topography can be traced into ancient agricultural societies and into some segments …
Provenance Of The Lower Carboniferous Horton Group, Petit-Degrat Island, Nova Scotia, As Revealed By Detrital Zircon Ages, Eric R. Force, Sandra M. Barr
Provenance Of The Lower Carboniferous Horton Group, Petit-Degrat Island, Nova Scotia, As Revealed By Detrital Zircon Ages, Eric R. Force, Sandra M. Barr
Eric R Force
A quartz sandstone bed in a dominantly conglomeratic section in the central part of the Lower Carboniferous Horton Group on Petit-de-Grat Island, offshore southern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, contains detrital zircon grains with ages ranging from mid-Devonian to Archean. The similarity of the Devonian and Neoproterozoic age spectrum to ages of igneous units in the adjacent Avalonian Mira terrane, in particular the Coastal belt, indicates that it was the main source area. This interpretation is supported by the similarity of the Neoproterozoic and older detrital zircon age spectrum to that of the detrital zircon age spectrum in a Cambrian …
Determination Of Paleoearthquake Timing And Magnitudes On The Southern Segment Of The East Cache Fault, Utah, James P. Mccalpin
Determination Of Paleoearthquake Timing And Magnitudes On The Southern Segment Of The East Cache Fault, Utah, James P. Mccalpin
James P. McCalpin
We investigated the late Quaternary rupture history of the southern East Cache Fault zone [ECFZ], northern Utah with geologic mapping, paleoseismic logging of fault trenches, ground-penetrating radar, and optically stimulated luminescence dating. McCalpin (1989) indicated that the southern segment of the ECFZ consisted of three strands. We excavated four trenches across these strands, and evaluate the stratigraphy and structure of the sites. We conclude that the western fault strand of the ECFZ has had no late Quaternary displacement or does not exist; the central strand has not had any late Quaternary movement and may be a drape fold; and the …