Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Comparison Of Cationic Surfactant Immobilized Ion Exchange Membranes In Their Application For Use In Extraction Of 4-Nitophenol, Robert Derrek Brown

Dr Robert Brown

Solid Phase Extraction has replaced distillation and liquid-liquid extraction as the most widely used method for extraction from solution. Though traditional SPE has seen great success, its downfalls are that it requires meticulous preparation procedures requiring funtionalized silanes and silica or polymerization courses. An alternative is ion exchange membranes to which long carbon chain ionic surfactants have been attached. The S1000 membrane ion exchange capacity was measured to be approximately 110 micro-equil/disc while the P81 membrane was 150 micro-equil/disc. Octadecyltri-methylammonium surfactant was immobilized on the membrane surface, qualitated through the use of ATR-FTIR, and quantified through elemental analysis. Kinetic adsorption …

Mußestudien Und Radiochemie: Eine Fruchtpfolle Synthese, Winfried S. Peters

Winfried S. Peters

Proposed Coherent Trapping Of A Population Of Electrons In A C60 Molecule Induced By Laser Excitation, Thomas F. George, G.P. Zhang

Thomas George

Water Quality Monitoring Of The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Great Marsh Complex, Evan Beyers, Jacob Yablonowski, Jonathan Schoer

Jonathan Schoer

The Great Marsh complex of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore was drained extensively by humans, beginning in the late 1800’s to provide land for farming and residences. Since 1998, 500 acres of the Great Marsh complex have been undergoing restoration in an attempt to return them to their pre-developed conditions. To assess the success of the ongoing restoration on water quality, 15 different parameters used to assess water quality are being measured. Data collected from June 2007 through July 2011 indicates that the water quality is typical of that for a wetlands in this region, and that the Great Marsh …

A Discovery-Oriented Approach To Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, Brian B. Brennan, Matthew R. Bockman, Christopher J. Miedema

Brian B. Brennan

Comparison Of Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Capacities Of Traditional Sorghum Beers With Other Alcoholic Beverages, Fatouma Abdoul-Latif, Romaric G. Bayili, Louis C. Obame, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof.

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

Thirty samples of sorghum beers “dolo” were selected from traditionally fermented household manufacturers from Burkina Faso. Dolo samples were screened for their total phenolic content, proanthocyanidins and putative antioxidant capacities, and were compared with industrial beers and wines. Total phenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Proanthocyanidins content were determined by the method of HCl-butanol hydrolysis. Antioxidant activities were evaluated both with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) using 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical) (ABTS•+). The average contents of total phenols and proanthocyanidins were 506 μg GAE/ml of dolo and 45 μg APE/ml of dolo, respectively. An …

Aging Of A Thermoelectric Module: Visualization Of Elemental Analysis, Stacie M. Dahl, Bernice E. Mills

Stacie M Dahl

Visualization of elemental composition is done to compare the surfaces of an aged thermoelectric module (TM) to an unaged one. The two modules’ exteriors are also compared to their interiors. Highlights of the analysis are presented here.

Toxicity Assessment And Analgesic Activity Investigation Of Aqueous Acetone Extracts Of Sida Acuta Burn F. And Sida Cordifolia L. (Malvaceae), Medicinal Plants Of Burkina Faso, Kiessoum Konate, Adama Hilou, Raïssa Rr Aworet-Samseny, Alain Souza, Nicolas Barro, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Jacques Datté, Bertrand M’Batchi

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

Background Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used in Burkina Faso to treat several ailments, mainly pains, including abdominal infections and associated diseases. Despite the extensive use of these plants in traditional health care, literature provides little information regarding their toxicity and the pharmacology. This work was therefore designed to investigate the toxicological effects of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. Furthermore, their analgesic capacity was assessed, in order to assess the efficiency of the traditional use of these two medicinal plants from Burkina Faso. Method For acute toxicity …

Nontargeted Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method And Software For Inventorying Persistent And Bioaccumulative Contaminants In Marine Environments, Eunha Hoh, Nathan G. Dodder, Steven J. Lehotay, Kristin C. Pangallo, Christopher M. Reddy, Keith A. Maruya

Kristin Pangallo

A Simple Biogenic Route To Rapid Synthesis Of Au@Tio2 Nanocomposites By Electrochemically Active Biofilms, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, M. H. Cho

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Deposition of gold on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is highly beneficial for maximizing the efficiency of many photocatalytic reactions. In this study, we have reported for the first time the use of an electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) for the synthesis of Au@TiO2 nanocomposite with sodium acetate as the electron donor. The EAB acts as an electron generator for the reduction of gold ions on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. It was observed that the TiO2 plays not only as a support for the gold nanoparticles but also as a storage of electrons produced by the EAB within the particles. These …

Synthesis Of Cysteine Capped Silver Nanoparticles By Electrochemically Active Biofilm And Their Antibacterial Activities, Mohammad Mansoob Khan Dr, M. H. Cho Dr

Dr. Mohammad Mansoob Khan

Cysteine capped silver nanoparticles (Cys-AgNPs) have been synthesized by employing electrochemically active biofilm (EAB), AgNO3 as precursor and sodium acetate as electron donor in aqueous solution at 30 oC. Cys-AgNPs of 5-10 nm were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and TEM. Capping of the silver nanoparticles with cysteine provides stability to nanoparticles by a thiolate bond between the amino acid and the nanoparticle surface and hydrogen bonding among the Cys-AgNPs. In addition, the antibacterial effects of as-synthesized Cys-AgNPs have been tested against two pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (O157:H7) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). The results demonstrate that the as-synthesized …

Double Layer In Ionic Liquids: Overscreening Versus Crowding, Martin Z. Bazant, Brian D. Storey, Alexei A. Kornyshev

Brian Storey

We develop a simple Landau-Ginzburg-type continuum theory of solvent-free ionic liquids and use it to predict the structure of the electrical double layer. The model captures overscreening from short-range correlations, dominant at small voltages, and steric constraints of finite ion sizes, which prevail at large voltages. Increasing the voltage gradually suppresses overscreening in favor of the crowding of counterions in a condensed inner layer near the electrode. This prediction, the ion profiles, and the capacitance-voltage dependence are consistent with recent computer simulations and experiments on room-temperature ionic liquids, using a correlation length of order the ion size.

Mixture Segregation Within Sonoluminescence Bubbles, Brian D. Storey, Andrew J. Szeri

Brian Storey

This paper concerns a relaxation of the assumption of uniform mixture composition in the interior of sonoluminescence bubbles. Intense temperature and pressure gradients within the bubble drive relative mass diffusion which overwhelms diffusion driven by concentration gradients. This thermal and pressure diffusion results in a robust compositional inhomogeneity in the bubble which lasts several orders of magnitude longer than the temperature peak or light pulse at the main collapse of the bubble. This effect has important consequences for control of sonoluminescence, gas dynamics, sonochemistry, and the physics of light production.

Small Heat Shock Protein Activity Is Regulated By Variable Oligomeric Substructure, J. L. Benesch, M. Ayoub, C. V. Robinson, J. A. Aquilina

J. A. Aquilina

The alpha-crystallins are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family of molecular chaperones which have evolved to minimize intracellular protein aggregation, however they are also implicated in a number of protein deposition diseases. In this study we have employed novel mass spectrometry techniques to investigate the changes in quaternary structure associated with this switch from chaperone to adjuvant of aggregation. We have replicated the oligomeric rearrangements observed for in vivo disease-related modifications, without altering the protein sequence, by refolding the alpha-crystallins in vitro. This refolding results in a loss of dimeric substructure concomitant with an augmentation of substrate …

Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Discharges In Nitrogen At Low Pressures, L. L Alves, L. Marques, C. D Pintassilgo, W. Wattieaux, Et. Es-Sebbar, J. Berndt, E. Kovačević, N. Carrasco, L. Boufendi, G. Cernogora

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

This paper uses experiments and modelling to study capacitively coupled radio-frequency (rf) discharges in pure nitrogen, at 13.56 MHz frequency, 0.1–1 mbar pressures and 2–30 W coupled powers. Experiments performed on two similar (not twin) setups, existing in the LATMOS and the GREMI laboratories, include electrical and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements. Electrical measurements give the rf-applied and the direct-current-self-bias voltages, the effective power coupled to the plasma and the average electron density. OES diagnostics measure the intensities of radiative transitions with the nitrogen second-positive and first-negative systems, and with the 811.5 nm atomic line of argon (present as an …

Antibacterial Activity Against Beta- Lactamase Producing Methicillin And Ampicillin-Resistants Staphylococcus Aureus: Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (Fici) Determination, Kiessoun K Onate, Jacques François Mavoungou, Alexis Nicaise Lepengué, Raïssa Rr Aworet-Samseny, Adama Hilou, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Bertrand M’Batchi

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The present study reports the antibacterial capacity of alkaloid compounds in combination with Methicillin and Ampicillin-resistants bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The resistance of different bacteria strains to the current antibacterial agents, their toxicity and the cost of the treatment have led to the development of natural products against the bacteria resistant infections when applied in combination with conventional antimicrobial drugs. The antibacterial assays in this study were performed by using inhibition zone diameters, MIC, MBC methods, the time-kill assay and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) determination. On the whole, fifteen Gram-positive bacterial strains (MRSA/ARSA) were used. Negative control …

Ionization Photophysics And Rydberg Spectroscopy Of Diacetylene, M. Schwell, Y. Benilan, N.. Fray, M.-C. Gazeau, Et. Es-Sebbar, F.-G. Levrel, N. Campion, S. Leach

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

Photoionization of diacetylene was studied using synchrotron radiation over the range 8–24 eV, with photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) and threshold photoelectron–photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) techniques. Mass spectra, ion yields, total and partial ionization cross-sections were measured. The adiabatic ionization energy of diacetylene was determined as IEad = (10.17 ± 0.01) eV, and the appearance energy of the principal fragment ion C4H+ as AE = (16.15 ± 0.03) eV. Calculated appearance energies of other fragment ions were used to infer aspects of dissociation pathways forming the weaker fragment ions , C3H+, and C2H+. Structured autoionization features observed in the PEPICO spectrum of diacetylene …

Development Of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, Ming Li

Ming Li

The newly emerged biotechnology of liposome-based drug delivery has drawn great interest in research and pharmaceuticals. Lipsomes are potential candidates to carry highly toxic drugs to target cells in order to minimize the damage to normal cells and side effects. In the past two decades, extensive work has improved the stability of phospholipid lipsomes in physiological fluids as drug carriers. My research on developing controlled release drug delivery systems started with the synthesis of a highly reliable anchor for water-soluble polymers, which will serve as an anchor with a high affinity towards lipid bilayers and can be monitored by fluorescence. …

2-Allylphenyl Glycosides As Complementary Building Blocks For Oligosaccharide And Glycoconjugate Synthesis, Hemali D. Premathilake, Alexei V. Demchenko

Alexei Demchenko

Organic Chemistry: A Survival Guide For Students, Ethan C. Levine

Anton Geiler

This project reviews material from undergraduate Organic Chemistry I and II. It is meant to function as a supplement to the textbook and lecture material for the course as it is taught in universities throughout the United States. Complex ideas are broken down into simpler ones. Material is presented in conversational language, using as little scientific jargon as possible.

Vaporization And Sublimation Enthalpies Of Acetanilide And Several Derivatives By Correlation Gas Chromatography, Patamaporn Umnahanant, James Chickos

James Chickos

No abstract provided.

Volatile Products Controlling Titan’S Tholins Production, N. Carrasco, T. Gautier, Et. Es-Sebbar, P. Pernot, G. Cernogora

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

A quantitative agreement between nitrile relative abundances and Titan’s atmospheric composition was recently shown with a reactor simulating the global chemistry occurring in Titan’s atmosphere [Gautier et al. (2011) Icarus, 213: 625]. Here we present a complementary study on the same reactor using an in-situ diagnostic of the gas phase composition. Various initial N2-CH4 gas mixtures (methane varying from 1 to 10%) are studied, with a monitoring of the methane consumption and of the stable gas neutrals by in-situ mass spectrometry. Atomic hydrogen is also measured by optical emission spectroscopy. A positive correlation is found between atomic hydrogen abundance and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Linear And Branched Polylactic Acid For Use In Food Packaging Applications, Kyle C. Bentz

Kyle C Bentz

Polylactic acid (PLA) resins of various molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were synthesized. Linear, narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) PLA resins were synthesized, as well as resins containing both high molecular weight branched structures and low molecular weight chains and oligomers. Narrow MWD resins were synthesized for use as adhesives for corrugated paperboard and broad MWD resins were synthesized for use as a waterborne coating. PLA resins were dispersed for use as a waterborne coating. Success has been made at forming films utilizing various plasticizers and surfactants as well as polyvinyl alcohol as dispersing agents. A cold dispersion procedure …

A Vision And Method In Studying Abdul-Wahab El-Bayyati Poetry, Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University, Jordan

No abstract provided.

Β-Casein–Phospholipid Monolayers As Model Systems To Understand Lipid–Protein Interactions In The Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Sophie Gallier, Derek E. Gragson, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, David W. Everett

Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Phospholipid–protein monolayer films were studied as model systems to mimic the structure of the native bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and to understand lipid–protein interactions at the surface of the globule. Phospholipids extracted from bovine raw milk, raw cream, processed milk and buttermilk powder were spread onto the air–water interface of a Langmuir trough, β-casein was then added to the sub-phase, and Langmuir–Blodgett films were studied by epifluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In all films, β-casein was responsible for clustering of the sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-rich microdomains into larger platforms. This suggests that the same phenomenon may happen at …

Excellent Adventures In Global Collaboration, Glenn W. "Max" Mcgee, Aracelys Rios

Glenn W. "Max" McGee

No abstract provided.

Bacteriocin Formation By Dominant Aerobic Sporeformers Isolated From Traditional Maari, Donatien Kabore, Line Thorsen, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Torben Sune Berner, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Bréhima Diawara, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Mogens Jackobsen

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The antimicrobial activity of 8 Bacillus spp. and 2 Lysinibacillus spp. representing the predominant aerobic sporeformers during traditional maari fermentations, a traditional fermented baobab seeds product fromBurkina Faso,was investigated. The antimicrobial activitywas assessed against a total of 31 indicator organisms representing various Gram-negative and positive pathogens. The screening showed that 3 Bacillus subtilis strains (B3, B122 and B222) in particular had antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive organisms and were selected for further studies. Itwas found that the antimicrobial substances producedwere heat stable, in-sensitive to catalase, sensitive to protease and trypsin but resistant to the proteolytic action of papain and proteinase …

Vuv Photoionization Of Acetamide Studied By Electron / Ion Coincidence Spectroscopy In The 8-24 Ev Photon Energy Range, M. Schwell, Y. Bénilan, N. Fray, M.-C Gazeau, Et. Es-Sebbar, Gustavo A. Garcia, L. Nahon, N. Champion, S. Leach

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

A VUV photoionization study of acetamide was carried out over the 8-24 eV photon energy range using synchrotron radiation and photoelectron/photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy. Threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) measurements were also made. Photoion yield curves and branching ratios were measured for the parent ion and six fragment ions. The adiabatic ionization energy of acetamide was determined as I.E (12A’) = (9.71±0.02) eV, in agreement with an earlier reported photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) value. The adiabatic energy of the first excited state of the ion, 12A”, was determined to be ≈ 10.1 eV. Assignments of the fragment ions and the …

Acid Resistance, Bile Tolerance And Antimicrobial Properties Of Dominant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Traditional “Maari” Baobab Seeds Fermented Condiment, Donatien Kabore, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Bréhima Diawara, Mogens Jacobsen

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

Maari is a fermented food condiment obtained by spontaneous fermentation of seeds from the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata). Nine dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, isolated from traditional maari fermentation were examined for their resistance to pH 2.5, their tolerance to 0.3% bile and their antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria. The agar spot test was used to screen the dominant LAB for antagonistic activity against a total of 21 indicator organisms including Bacillus cereus strains, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. It was observed that all LAB strains survived in 0.3% bile and exhibited antimicrobial …

An Examination Of The Thermodynamics Of Fusion, Vaporization, And Sublimation Of (R,S)- And (R)-Flurbiprofen By Correlation Gas Chromatography, Patamaporn Umnahanant, Darrell Hasty, James Chickos

James Chickos

No abstract provided.