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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Melt Inclusion Record Of Submarine Caldera Formation On Axial Seamount, Juan De Fuca Ridge, Destiny Kapule
Melt Inclusion Record Of Submarine Caldera Formation On Axial Seamount, Juan De Fuca Ridge, Destiny Kapule
Master's Theses
This study contributes to understanding magmatic processes and the plumbing system of submarine volcanoes before, during, and after caldera formation with the use of melt inclusions (MIs). Major, trace and volatile geochemistry from both olivine and plagioclase-hosted MIs taken from volcaniclastic deposits around Axial Seamount reveal information about the storage conditions, ascent rates and eruption styles of magmas. Magma crystallizes in the subsurface, capturing MIs, and ascends where some host glasses may interact with seawater during eruption. Oversaturation in volatiles and low vesicularity show quick ascent rates. By analyzing chemical data within a pre-existing stratigraphic context this study can assess …
Impacts Of Synoptic-Scale Dynamics On Cloud Properties And Radiation In High Southern Latitudes, Tyler R. Barone
Impacts Of Synoptic-Scale Dynamics On Cloud Properties And Radiation In High Southern Latitudes, Tyler R. Barone
Master's Theses
Predicting future climate change relies on accurate representations of the earth’s surface radiation budget. Complex interactions between large-scale dynamical conditions (e.g., low-pressure systems) and microscale processes (e.g., cloud properties) are key contributors to energy budget biases within global climate models. Proper estimation of cloud microscale processes and their responses to synoptic-scale dynamics will greatly improve the accuracy of the simulated energy balance within global climate models. High-latitudinal clouds have significant influences on the Earth’s radiative balance. We examined observations from two field campaigns at Macquarie Island in the Southern Ocean and McMurdo Station in Antarctica. Two global climate models are …
Daily Synoptic-Scale Influences On Weather-Dependent Renewable Energy Supply And Demand In Hypothetical Fully Electrified North American Interconnections, Howard Tang
Master's Theses
Energy grids around the world are becoming increasingly penetrated by renewable energy sources, resulting in progressively variable energy generation. This study aims to provide a fundamental basis for observing atmospheric conditions in relation to weather-dependent renewable energy supply, where daily synoptic-scale influences are considered in hypothetical fully electrified North American interconnections. Three renewable energy types – 100% wind energy, 100% solar energy, and a 50-50 split of wind and solar energy – are scaled to meet weather-driven energy demand on average in three interconnections, namely the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and a hypothetical combined interconnection composed of the Western, …
Structure, Construction, And Emplacement Of The Northern Margin Of The Late Cretaceous Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite: North-Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California, Victoria A. Arnold
Structure, Construction, And Emplacement Of The Northern Margin Of The Late Cretaceous Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite: North-Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California, Victoria A. Arnold
Master's Theses
Of the four voluminous, normally zoned Late Cretaceous intrusive suites of the Sierra Nevada batholith, the >1,000 km², ~96-88 Ma Sonora Pass intrusive suite is the oldest, northernmost, and least studied. It contains the marginal, equigranular Kinney Lakes hornblende-biotite granodiorite and the inner, porphyritic Topaz Lake biotite granodiorite. From this research, the Lake Alpine granodiorite is now considered the outermost part of the Sonora Pass intrusive suite. The suite intruded Early Cretaceous plutons and metasedimentary rocks. The Kinney Lakes and Lake Alpine granodiorites were constructed by multiple phases, as were the plutonic host rocks. The granodiorites are marked by schlieren …
Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Biogeochemical Responses In A Tidally Restricted Moro Cojo Slough, Ryan Chiu
Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Biogeochemical Responses In A Tidally Restricted Moro Cojo Slough, Ryan Chiu
Master's Theses
Four years of observational data for Moro Cojo Slough (MCS), a Mediterranean climate estuary in central California, linked anthropogenic nutrient loading and hydrological modifications to a shift in net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) that differs from the characteristic net heterotrophic behavior of most estuarine systems. A lack of precipitation and limited flushing during the dry seasons, as evidenced from hypersaline waters, contribute to high ecosystem respiration rates that drove NEM to nearly balanced or net autotrophic. During the wet seasons, increased runoff and nutrient loading due to precipitation elevated primary production rates within MCS, characterizing the system as net autotrophic. Box …
Evaluating The Effect Of Resveratrol On Sirt1 With Different Peptide Substrates, Yujin Hur
Evaluating The Effect Of Resveratrol On Sirt1 With Different Peptide Substrates, Yujin Hur
Master's Theses
SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylase that is involved in many important cellular pathways. The protein has an extended N-terminal domain that seems to play a role in regulating its activity. Sirtuin Activating Compounds (STACs) are allosteric activators, such as resveratrol, that regulate the activity of SIRT1. STACs bind to the N-terminal STAC Binding Domain (SBD) in SIRT1. Past literature has found that SIRT1 activity can be increased, decreased, or remain unchanged by resveratrol depending on the identity of the peptide substrate. The goal of this study is to clarify the mechanism for substrate-specific allosteric regulation by resveratrol. The interactions …
Quantum Mechanics And Dynamical Models For Finite Unlabeled Simple Graphs, Nathan M. Lewis
Quantum Mechanics And Dynamical Models For Finite Unlabeled Simple Graphs, Nathan M. Lewis
Master's Theses
This thesis constructs quantum mechanical theories of finite simple graphs for both labeled and unlabeled graphs.These theories may provide a description for discrete spacetime in a quantum gravity theory. Finite simple graphs and their properties are introduced. The first and second quantization of the standard quantum mechanics of particle systems are reviewed. A quantum mechanical theory of graphs similar to first quantization of standard quantum mechanics is developed via a correspondence of graph edges to particles in particle systems. An algorithm for constructing quantum states of graphs which is independent of graph vertex labeling is developed. It builds antisymmetric graphstates …
Characterization And Evaluation Of Catalytic Activity Of Small Molecule Copper Complexes For Metallopolymer Design, Brenda Lu
Master's Theses
Catalysis is one of the driving forces in designing greener chemical processes for essential real-world applications. Enzymes, Nature’s catalysts, are known for their high selectivity, use of readily available metals and reagents, and ability to work under physiological conditions; three important qualities that synthetic chemists would like to mimic in their small molecule metal catalysts. Though most small molecule metal catalysts fall short of enzyme-like activity, we hypothesize that using a polymer scaffold as a secondary coordination sphere mimic around the metal complex will affect the microenvironment (steric and electronic) and enable enzyme-like activity. Previously, we synthesized ligand precursors and …
Optimizing Soluble Recombinant Expression Of The Aedes Aegypti Early Trypsin Protease, Neomi Millan
Optimizing Soluble Recombinant Expression Of The Aedes Aegypti Early Trypsin Protease, Neomi Millan
Master's Theses
The female Aedes aegypti mosquito is a primary vector for the transmission of blood–borne viral pathogens such as Chikungunya, Zika, Yellow Fever, and Dengue. The female mosquito will become infected with these pathogens through the uptake of a blood meal from an infected host. The midgut digestive enzymes are required to digest the blood meal to obtain necessary nutrients needed for the completion of the gonotrophic cycle. Blood meal digestion is biphasic and digestive enzymes are expressed at different time points after uptake of a blood meal. The focus of this study is on an early phase protease known as …
Single Chain Nanoparticles As Synthetic Enzyme Mimics, Tony Mo
Single Chain Nanoparticles As Synthetic Enzyme Mimics, Tony Mo
Master's Theses
Enzymes, nature’s catalysts, are a crucial component in biological reactions because they help lower the activation energy and speed up these reactions. They display impressive selectivity, catalytic activity, and specificity. However, they can be difficult to produce synthetically, especially on a large scale, and they are not suitable for all reactions for which synthetic catalysts are needed. Metalloenzymes contain a transition metal active site inside the primary coordination sphere (PCS) (ligands directly bound to the metal) that is surrounded by a secondary coordination sphere (SCS) (made up of more distant amino acids) which provides steric bulk and intramolecular interactions between …
Bosons In Anti De Sitter Spacetime, Thi Khanh Linh Pham
Bosons In Anti De Sitter Spacetime, Thi Khanh Linh Pham
Master's Theses
I am extremely grateful to Dr. Kassahun Betre for his support and guidance throughout my thesis journey. His wisdom, knowledge, and encouragement have been invaluable to me. His willingness to take me on making this project and the collaborative friendship is the highlight of my master’s program. Many thanks to Dr. Curtis Asplund and Dr. Ehsan Khatami for participating on my committee and with regard to their valuable feedback on my thesis draft, ensuring the completion of this work. Finally, I am grateful to my family for their unwavering love and all the support and absolute patience over the years …
Quantifying Bromocarbon Emissions From Seaweed Aquaculture In California, Jessica C. Metter
Quantifying Bromocarbon Emissions From Seaweed Aquaculture In California, Jessica C. Metter
Master's Theses
Feeding ruminant livestock seaweed rich in bromoform (CHBr3) is an emerging strategy to reduce methane emissions from the livestock sector to meet climate targets. Consequently, there is a strong interest in farming bromoform rich seaweeds (e.g., Asparagopsis taxiformis) on a large scale which may impact the atmospheric inventory of bromine and in return induce catalytic ozone destruction. However, to date, only three studies have measured bromoform emission rates from Asparagopsis seaweeds which vary by order of magnitude. To fill this gap, the most comprehensive data set of bromocarbon emissions from A. taxiformis, a leading candidate for enteric methane reduction in …
Cirrus Microphysical Properties And The Controlling Factors Using A Machine Learning Approach, Derek D. Ngo
Cirrus Microphysical Properties And The Controlling Factors Using A Machine Learning Approach, Derek D. Ngo
Master's Theses
Cirrus clouds are located at high altitudes and are composed of ice crystals. The unique location of cirrus clouds and their large variability in-cloud microphysical properties allow them to have either warming or cooling effects on Earth’s surface and affect the Earth’s energy budget on a global scale. The examination of cirrus radiative effects is further complicated by multiple factors affecting their formation and evolution, including the effects of thermodynamic, dynamic, aerosol, and chemical tracer variables. In this work, we developed a composite aircraft-based in-situ observation dataset based on seven National Science Foundation (NSF) and five NASA flight campaigns that …
Cloud Phase Distribution At A Global-Scale And The Governing Factors Using Satellite And In-Situ Airborne Observations, Dao Wang
Master's Theses
Cloud thermodynamic phase distributions play a crucial role in accurately representing cloud radiative effects and feedback in a changing climate. The partitioning of cloud thermodynamic phases (ice, liquid, and mixed phase) significantly influences Earth's surface temperature and its ability to mitigate the impact of global warming. Satellite-based cloud phase data are frequently used for the evaluation of global climate models, yet validation of them against in-situ observations is still lacking. This study examines global cloud phase distributions and their determinant factors by validating three satellite-based cloud phase products against an extensive in-situ airborne dataset. CALIPSO exhibits the most similar ice …