Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

An Investigation Of Microseismicity During The 2018 Kilauea Caldera Collapse, Isabella S. Metts

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The 2018 Kīlauea volcano eruption and incremental caldera collapse was accompanied by more than 60,000 seismic events cataloged by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory as well as 62 caldera collapse events that occurred roughly once per day. The majority of seismicity occurred on the eastern side of the caldera between daily collapses. However, the majority of caldera subsidence occurred to the west. To understand the collapse mechanics behind this variance in subsidence and seismicity across the caldera region, repetitive waveforms and source properties can be studied.

Repeating seismic events suggest a common source that is not moving or destroyed. At Kīlauea, …

Linking Historical, Field, And Satellite Data To Determine The Relationship Between Gas Emissions And Vegetation Change In The Puhimau Geothermal Area East Rift Zone Kilauea, Hawaii, Christie Torres Rosa

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Puhimau geothermal area, located near the summit of the Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, has been suggested to represent a ‘window’ into the East Rift Zone. The quantification of CO₂ and H₂S soil gas emissions improves our understanding of its gas emission mode- including total emission and spatial distribution and contribute to a more accurate estimation of total CO₂ and H₂S in the thermal area – and how these gas emissions relate to observed vegetation health from satellite data. The total emission of CO₂ and H₂S was interpolated by the sequential Gaussian …

Testing The Use Of Vegetation Indices As Indicators Of Pre-Eruptive Volcanic Unrest At Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Quelyn Bekkering

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Satellite remote sensing has become an integral part of pre-eruptive and long-term volcano monitoring due to its low cost, spatial and temporal coverage, and time-series analysis capabilities. Pre-eruptive unrest at volcanoes can include increased fluxes of heat and volcanic gases, which can be manifested either directly (e.g., the appearance of thermal anomalies or fumaroles) or indirectly (e.g., through impacts on vegetation health and extent). We are evaluating the use of novel, high spatial and temporal resolution data from the Planet Labs cubesat constellation to monitor changes in vegetation related to volcanic unrest. We present results from a study of key …