Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Nextgen Flight Deck Data Comm: Auxiliary Synthetic Speech Phase I, Tracy Lennertz, Judith Bürki-Cohen, Andrea L. Sparko, Nickolas D. Macchiarella, Jason Kring, Mike Coman, Tom Haritos, Jeffry Alvarado

Publications

Data Comm—a text-based controller-pilot communication system—is critical to many NextGen improvements. With Data Comm, communication becomes a visual task. Interacting with a visual Data Comm display may yield an unsafe increase in head-down time, particularly for single-pilot operations. This study examined the feasibility of supplementing Data Comm with synthetic speech. To this end, thirty-two pilots flew two experimental scenarios in a Cessna 172 Flight Training Device. In one scenario, ATC communication was with a text-only Data Comm display, in the other, communication was with a text Data Comm display with synthetic speech that read aloud each message (i.e., text+speech). Pilots …

Histological Changes In The Target Organs Of Channa Punctatus After Exposure To Anthraquinone Vat Dyes, Rajee Olaganathan, Jamila Patterson

Publications

The present study is an attempt on histopathology of gill, liver, kidney and intestine of Channa punctatus after exposure to sublethal concentrations of anthraquinone vat dyes viz., vat blue 4 and vat green 1. The dyes has been found to produce several damages in the vital organs of C. punctatus leading to various lesions like extensive lamellar hypertrophy with some proliferation at the base of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of intercellular epithelial cells in the gill; fat accumulation, hepatic necrosis, aggregation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, hepatocellular degeneration and aggregation of hepatocytes in liver; while in kidney it caused hyperplastic of the …

An Intense Traveling Airglow Front In The Upper Mesosphere–Lower Thermosphere With Characteristics Of A Bore Observed Over Alice Springs, Australia, During A Strong 2 Day Wave Episode, R. L. Walterscheid, J. H. Hecht, L. J. Galinas, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., I. M. Reid

Publications

The Aerospace Corporation’s Nightglow Imager observed a large step function change in airglow in the form of a traveling front in the OH Meinel (OHM) and O2 atmospheric (O2A) airglow emissions over Alice Springs, Australia, on 2 February 2003. The front exhibited nearly a factor of 2 stepwise increase in the OHM brightness and a stepwise decrease in the O2A brightness. There was significant (~25 K) cooling behind the airglow fronts. The OHM airglow brightness behind the front was among the brightest for Alice Springs that we have measured in 7 years of observations. The event was associated with a …

Spectral Engineering Of Optical Fiber Preforms Through Active Nanoparticle Doping, T. Lindstrom, E. Garber, D. Edmonson, T. Hawkins, Y. Chen, G. Turri, M. Bass, J. Ballato

Publications

Europium doped alkaline earth fluoride [Eu:AEF2 (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba)] nanoparticles were synthesized and systematically incorporated into the core of modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD)-derived silica-based preforms by solution doping. The resulting preforms were examined to determine the impact of the nanoparticles chemistry on the spectroscopic behavior of the glass. The dominant existence of Eu3+ was demonstrated in all preforms, which is in contrast to conventional solution doped preforms employing dissolved europium salts where Eu2+ is primarily observed. Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements indicated that the nanoparticles composition is effective in controlling, at a local chemical and structural …

Strain Rate And Orientation Dependencies Of The Strength Of Single Crystalline Copper Under Compression, Virginie Dupont, Timothy C. Germann

Aerospace Engineering - Daytona Beach

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to model the compression under uniaxial strain of copper single crystals of different orientations at various temperatures and strain rates. Uniaxial strain is used because of the close resemblance of the resulting stress state with the one behind a shock front, while allowing a control of parameters such as strain rate and temperature to better understand the behavior under complex dynamic shock conditions. Our simulations show that for most orientations, the yield strength of the sample is increased with increasing strain rate. This yield strength is also dependent on the orientation of the sample, …

Sensitivity Of Limiting Hurricane Intensity To Ocean Warmth, James B. Elsner, Sarah Strazzo, Jill C. Trepanier, Thomas H. Jagger

Publications

No abstract provided.

General Aviation Weather Encounter Case Studies, John M. Lanicci, Massoud Bazargan, Daniel Halperin, Scott Shappell, Jaclyn Baron, Rebecca Iden, Carla Hackworth, Kali Holcomb

School of Graduate Studies - Daytona Beach

This study presents a compilation of 24 cases involving general aviation (GA) pilots’ weather encounters over the continental U.S. The project team interviewed pilots who had experienced a weather encounter, and we examined their backgrounds, flight experience, and weather encounter details. Results from meteorological data analysis for each weather encounter were consistent with findings of larger GA weather accident studies in terms of the types of hazards encountered and flight phase during which the encounters occurred. Investigation of pilot weather products and the sources from which they were obtained revealed a lack of uniformity of pre-flight data sources and underutilization …

Biodegradation Of Textile Dye Anthraquinone Vat Blue 4 By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Rajee Olaganathan, Jamila Patterson

Publications

Uncontaminated and Vat blue 4 contaminated soil were screened for heterotrophic bacterial population and the bacterial density were found to be 19.3 X 104 and 5.5 X 104 CFU/gm respectively. The bacterial genera of dye contaminated soil was dominated by Pseudomonas sp. (32.5 %) followed by Bacillus sp. (27.5 %), Aeromonas sp. (15.0 %), Micrococcus sp. (12.5 %) and Achromobacter sp. (12.5 %). The optimum inoculums load, pH and temperature were found to be 5%, 7 and 35oC respectively. The initial pH of the effluent prepared using Vat Blue 4 was 8.5. The free cells of P. aeruginosa reduced the …

The Gaise College Report: The American Statistical Association Meets Sound Pedagogy In Central Virginia, Beverly Wood

Publications

Research in undergraduate statistics education often centers on the introductory course required for a large percentage of college students. While acknowledging the diverse setting, audience, and purpose of introductory courses, existing research assumes that courses offered by different disciplines share the same goals and teaching practices. The purpose of this study is to examine the objectives for student outcomes and pedagogical delivery of introductory statistics courses in various academic departments to provide explicit evidence for this assumption. The American Statistical Association’s Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) are meant to apply to all introductory courses. The College …

The Influence Of Automation On Aviation Accident And Fatality Rates: 2000-2010, Nicholas A. Koeppen

Publications

The purpose of this project is to evaluate if technological advances and implementation of automation have produced a decrease in the number and severity of accidents in commercial aviation over the last decade. To accomplish this evaluation historical commercial aviation accident data from 2000 to 2010 will be examined. Commercial fixed wing and rotary wing data will be evaluated. No aviation incident data will be collected; the project will be limited in scope to commercial aviation accidents. Accidents highlighting major deficiencies involving automation will be discussed in detail. To further support the projects purpose, emphasis will be given to evaluate …

Ionospheric Signatures Of Tohoku-Oki Tsunami Of March 11, 2011: Model Comparisons Near The Epicenter, David A. Galvan, Attila Komjathy, Michael P. Hickey, Philip Stephens, Jonathan Snively, Y. Tony Song, Mark D. Butala, Anthony J. Mannucci

Publications

We observe ionospheric perturbations caused by the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011. Perturbations near the epicenter were found in measurements of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from 1198 GPS receivers in the Japanese GEONET network. For the first time for this event, we compare these observations with the estimated magnitude and speed of a tsunami-driven atmospheric gravity wave, using an atmosphere-ionosphere-coupling model and a tsunami model of sea-surface height, respectively. Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) were observed moving away from the epicenter at approximate speeds of 3400 m/s, 1000 m/s and 200–300 m/s, consistent with Rayleigh waves, acoustic …

Observed Seasonal Variations In Exospheric Effective Temperatures, E. J. Mierkiewicz, F. L. Roesler, S. M. Nossal

Publications

High spectral resolution line profile observations indicate a reproducible semi-annual variation in the geocoronal hydrogen Balmer α effective temperature. These observations were made between 08 January 2000 and 21 November 2001 from Pine Bluff Observatory (WI) with a second generation double etalon Fabry-Perot annular summing spectrometer operating at a resolving power of 80,000. This data set spans sixty-four nights of observations (1404 spectra in total) over 20 dark-moon periods. A two cluster Gaussian model fitting procedure is used to determine Doppler line widths, accounting for fine structure contributions to the line, including those due to cascade; cascade contributions at Balmer …

Ionospheric Plasma Transport And Loss In Auroral Downward Current Regions, M. Zettergren, J. L. Semeter

Publications

A detailed study of the effects of auroral current systems on thermal ionospheric plasma transport and loss is conducted using a new ionospheric model. The mathematical formulation of the model is a variation on the 5‐moment approximation which describes the temporal evolution of density, drift, and temperature for five different ion species in two spatial dimensions. The fluid system is closed through a 2‐D electrostatic treatment of the auroral currents. This model is used to examine the interplay between ion heating, perpendicular transport, molecular ion generation, and type‐1 ion upflows in a self‐consistent way for the first time. Simulations confirm …

Sodium Atoms In The Lunar Exotail: Observed Velocity And Spatial Distributions, Michael R. Line, E. J. Mierkiewicz, R. J. Oliversen, J. K. Wilson, L. M. Haffner, F. L. Roesler

Physical Sciences - Daytona Beach

The lunar sodium tail extends long distances due to radiation pressure on sodium atoms in the lunar exosphere. Our earlier observations measured the average radial velocity of sodium atoms moving down the lunar tail beyond Earth (i.e., near the anti-lunar point) to be ∼12.5. km/s. Here we use the Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper to obtain the first kinematically resolved maps of the intensity and velocity distribution of this emission over a 15° × 15 ° region on the sky near the anti-lunar point. We present both spatially and spectrally resolved observations obtained over four nights bracketing new Moon in October 2007. …

Topology And Geometry Of Mixing Of Fluids, Andrei Ludu, S.C. Mancas, Ionutz Ionescu, Audrey Gbagaudi, Matthew Schumacher

Publications

We present an enhancement of diffusive mixing on a compact Riemannian manifold by a fast incompressible flow.

We describe the class of flows that make the deviation of the solution from its average arbitrarily small in an arbitrarily short time, provided that the flow amplitude is large enough.

The necessary and sufficient condition on such flows is expressed naturally in terms of the spectral properties of the dynamical system associated with the flow.

Further studies are needed for non-compact manifolds, or compact manifolds with Dirichlet BC. The optimal shape of the fixed obstacles in the mixing device could be obtained …

2d Novel Structures Along An Opitcal Fiber, Charles-Julien Vandamme, S.C. Mancas

Publications

By using spectral methods, we present seven classes of stable and unstable structures that occur in a dissipative media. By varying parameters and initial conditions we find ranges of existence of stable structures (spinning elliptic, pulsating, stationary, organized exploding), and unstable structures (filament, disorganized exploding, creeping). By varying initial conditions, vorticity, and parameters of the equation, we find a reacher behavior of solutions in the form of creeping-vortex (propellers), spinning rings and spinning “bean-shape” solitons. Each class differentiates from the other by distinctive features of their shape and energy evolution, as well as domain of existence.

Gravity Wave Propagation In A Diffusively Separated Gas: Effects On The Total Gas, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. L. Walterscheid

Publications

We present a full-wave model that simulates acoustic-gravity wave propagation in a binary-gas mixture of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen, including molecular viscosity and thermal conductivity appropriately partitioned between the two gases. Compositional effects include the collisional transfer of heat and momentum by mutual diffusion between the two gases. An important result of compositional effects is that the velocity and temperature summed over species can be significantly different from the results of one-gas models with the same height dependent mean molecular weight (M(z)). We compare the results of our binary-gas model to two one-gas full-wave models: one where M is …

Book Review: Astronomy At The Frontiers Of Science, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of Astronomy at the Frontiers of Science, edited by Jean-Pierre Lasota, Springer, 2011. 357p, 9789400716575 $179.00.

Asteroid Retrieval Feasibility Study, John Brophy, Fred Culick, Louis Friedman, Pedro Llanos, Et Al.

Publications

This report describes the results of a study sponsored by the Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS) to investigate the feasibility of identifying, robotically capturing, and returning an entire Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) to the vicinity of the Earth by the middle of the next decade. The KISS study was performed by people from Ames Research Center, Glenn Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, Langley Research Center, the California Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon, Harvard University, the Naval Postgraduate School, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California at Santa Cruz, University of Southern …

Synoptic-Scale Analysis Of Freezing Rain Events In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Gina M. Ressler, Shawn M. Milrad, Eyad H. Atallah, John R. Gyakum

Publications

Freezing rain is a major environmental hazard that is especially common along the St. Lawrence River valley (SLRV) in southern Quebec, Canada. For large cities such as Montreal, severe events can have a devastating effect on people, property, and commerce. In this study, a composite analysis of 46 long-duration events for the period 1979–2008 is presented to identify key synoptic-scale structures and precursors of Montreal freezing rain events. Based on the observed structures of the 500-hPa heights, these events are manually partitioned into three types—west, central, and east—depending on the location and tilt of the 500-hPa trough axis. West events …

Observed And Modeled Solar Cycle Variation In Geocoronal Hydrogen Using Nrlmsise-00 Thermosphere Conditions And The Bishop Analytic Exosphere Model, S. M. Nossal, E. J. Mierkiewicz, F. L. Roesler

Publications

High precision observations during Solar Cycle 23 using the Wisconsin H‐alpha Mapper (WHAM) Fabry‐Perot quantify a factor of 1.5 ± 0.15 higher Balmer α column emission intensity during near‐solar‐maximum than during solar minimum conditions. An unresolved question is how does the observed solar cycle variation in the hydrogen column emission compare with that calculated from the hydrogen distribution in atmospheric models? We have compared WHAM solar minimum and near‐solar‐maximum column intensity observations with calculations using the thermospheric hydrogen density profile and background thermospheric conditions from the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (NRLMSISE‐00) empirical model extended to exospheric altitudes using the analytic …

Synoptic-Scale Environments Conducive To Orographic Impacts On Cold-Season Surface Wind Regimes At Montreal, Quebec, Alissa Razy, Shawn M. Milrad, Eyad H, Atallah, John R. Gyakum

Publications

Orographic wind channeling, defined as dynamically and thermally induced processes that force wind to blow along the axis of a valley, is a common occurrence along the St. Lawrence River Valley (SLRV) in Quebec, Canada, and produces substantial observed weather impacts at stations along the valley, including Montreal (CYUL). Cold-season observed north-northeast (n = 55) and south-southeast (n = 16) surface wind events at CYUL are identified from 1979 to 2002. The authors partition the north-northeast wind events into four groups using manual synoptic typing. Types A and D (“inland cyclone” and “northwestern cyclone”) are associated with strong lower-tropospheric geostrophic …

Gravity-Wave-Induced Variations In Exothermic Heating In The Low-Latitude, Equinox Mesophere And Lower Thermosphere Region, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., Tai-Yin Huang

Publications

We investigate gravity-wave-induced variations in exothermic heating in the OH nightglow region at a latitude of 18° in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during March. An OH nightglow chemistry model with gravity wavefields from a spectral full-wave model is used for the investigation. Our simulation results show that the wave packet induces a large secular increase in the number densities of the minor species involved in the OH chemistry, a 50% increase in O3, 42% in O, and 29% in OH (v= 8), and the ultimate driver for these increases is the wave-driven downward transport of O. We find that …

Observational Constraints On The Degenerate Mass-Radius Relation, J. B. Holberg, Terry D. Oswalt, M. A. Barstow

Publications

The white dwarf mass–radius relationship is fundamental to modern astrophysics. It is central to routine estimation of DA white dwarf masses derived from spectroscopic temperatures and gravities. It is also the basis for observational determinations of the white dwarf initial–final-mass relation. Nevertheless, definitive and detailed observational confirmations of the mass–radius relation (MRR) remain elusive owing to a lack of sufficiently accurate white dwarf masses and radii. Current best estimates of masses and radii allow only broad conclusions about the expected inverse relation between masses and radii in degenerate stars. In this paper, we examine a restricted set of 12 DA …

On The Stability Of A Microstructure Model, Mihhail Berezovski, Arkadi Berezovski

Publications

Abstract

The asymptotic stability of solutions of the Mindlin-type microstructure model for solids is analyzed in the paper. It is shown that short waves are asymptotically stable even in the case of a weakly non-convex free energy dependence on microdeformation.

Research highlights

The Mindlin-type microstructure model cannot describe properly short wave propagation in laminates. A modified Mindlin-type microstructure model with weakly non-convex free energy resolves this discrepancy. It is shown that the improved model with weakly non-convex free energy is asymptotically stable for short waves.

The Initial–Final Mass Relation Among White Dwarfs In Wide Binaries, J. K. Zhao, T. D. Oswalt, L. A. Willson, Q. Wang, G. Zhao

Publications

We present the initial–final mass relation derived from 10 white dwarfs in wide binaries that consist of a main-sequence star and a white dwarf. The temperature and gravity of each white dwarf were measured by fitting theoretical model atmospheres to the observed spectrum using a χ² fitting algorithm. The cooling time and mass were obtained using theoretical cooling tracks. The total age of each binary was estimated from the chromospheric activity of its main-sequence component to an uncertainty of about 0.17 dex in log t. The difference between the total age and white dwarf cooling time is taken …

3-D Mesoscale Mhd Simulations Of Magnetospheric Cusp-Like Configurations: Cusp Diamagnetic Cavities And Boundary Structure, E. Adamson, A. Otto, K. Nykyri

Publications

We present results from mesoscale simulations of the magnetospheric cusp region for both strongly northward and strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Simulation results indicate an extended region of depressed magnetic field and strongly enhanced plasma B which exhibits a strong dependence on IMF orientation. These structures correspond to the Cusp Diamagnetic Cavities (CDC’s). The typical features of these CDC’s are generally well reproduced by the simulation. The inner boundaries between the CDC and the magnetosphere are gradual transitions which form a clear funnel shape, regardless of IMF orientation. The outer CDC/magnetosheath boundary exhibits a clear indentation in both the …

Revisiting 3d Stereo Satellite Image Displays, Frederick R. Mosher

Applied Aviation Sciences - Daytona Beach

Over 30 years ago, there were a number of development efforts to display 3D stereo satellite images and associated weather. Dr. Fritz Hasler showed how the GOES-east and west satellites could be remapped to generate true stereo pairs for obtaining cloud heights and he also showed how artificial stereo images could be generated using derived IR cloud heights to generate parallax shifts for the visible or infrared images. While there was a flurry of interest in the 1980s, the techniques had largely fallen from routine usage until recently. However, technology advances in both satellites and display technology has allowed for …

Optimization Of Magnetic Powdered Activated Carbon For Aqueous Hg(Ii) Removal And Magnetic Recovery, Emily K. Faulconer, Natalia Hoogesteijn Von Reitzenstein, David W. Mazyck

Physical Sciences - Daytona Beach

Activated carbon is known to adsorb aqueous Hg(II). MPAC (magnetic powdered activated carbon) has the potential to remove aqueous Hg to less than 0.2 mg/L while being magnetically recoverable. Magnetic recapture allows simple sorbent separation from the waste stream while an isolated waste potentially allows for mercury recycling. MPAC Hg-removal performance is verified by mercury mass balance, calculated by quantifying adsorbed, volatilized, and residual aqueous mercury. The batch reactor contained a sealed mercury-carbon contact chamber with mixing and constant N₂(g) headspace flow to an oxidizingtrap. Mercury adsorption was performed using spiked ultrapure water (100 mg/L Hg). Mercury concentrations …

The Allen Telescope Array Search For Electrostatic Discharges On Mars, Marin M. Anderson, Andrew P.V. Siemion, William C. Barott, Geoffery C. Bower, Gregory T. Delory, Imke De Pater, Dan Werthimer

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Daytona Beach

The Allen Telescope Array was used to monitor Mars between 2010 March 9 and June 2, over a total of approximately 30 hr, for radio emission indicative of electrostatic discharge. The search was motivated by the report from Ruf et al. of the detection of non-thermal microwave radiation from Mars characterized by peaks in the power spectrum of the kurtosis, or kurtstrum, at 10 Hz, coinciding with a large dust storm event on 2006 June 8. For these observations, we developed a wideband signal processor at the Center for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research. This 1024 channel spectrometer calculates …