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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

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2022

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Articles 1 - 17 of 17

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

An Evaluation Framework For Digital Image Forensics Tools, Zainab Khalid, Sana Qadir Oct 2022

An Evaluation Framework For Digital Image Forensics Tools, Zainab Khalid, Sana Qadir

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

The boom of digital cameras, photography, and social media has drastically changed how humans live their day-to-day, but this normalization is accompanied by malicious agents finding new ways to forge and tamper with images for unlawful monetary (or other) gains. Disinformation in the photographic media realm is an urgent threat. The availability of a myriad of image editing tools renders it almost impossible to differentiate between photo-realistic and original images. The tools available for image forensics require a standard framework against which they can be evaluated. Such a standard framework can aid in evaluating the suitability of an image forensics …

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A Study Of The Data Remaining On Second-Hand Mobile Devices In The Uk, Olga Angelopoulou, Andy Jones, Graeme Horsman, Seyedali Pourmoafi Oct 2022

A Study Of The Data Remaining On Second-Hand Mobile Devices In The Uk, Olga Angelopoulou, Andy Jones, Graeme Horsman, Seyedali Pourmoafi

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

This study was carried out intending to identify the level and type of information that remained on portable devices that were purchased from the second-hand market in the UK over the last few years. The sample for this study consisted of 100 second hand mobile phones and tablets. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of devices that still contained data and the type of data that they contained. Where data was identified, the study attempted to determine the level of personal identifiable information that is associated with the previous owner. The research showed that when sensitive …

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Evaluating The Variable Stride Algorithm In The Identification Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Ying Zheng, Brian Danaher, Matthew Brown Aug 2022

Evaluating The Variable Stride Algorithm In The Identification Of Diabetic Retinopathy, Ying Zheng, Brian Danaher, Matthew Brown

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

An experiment was performed to investigate a modified pooling method for use in convolutional neural networks for image recognition. This algorithm–Variable Stride–allows the user to segment an image and change the amount of subsampling in each region. This control allows for the user to maintain a higher amount of data retention in more important regions of the image, while more aggressively subsampling the less important regions to increase training speed. Three Variable Stride methods were compared to the preexisting pooling algorithms, Maximum Pool and Average Pool, in three different network configurations tasked with classifying Diabetic Retinopathy images between its early …

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Hydroponically Growing A Holistic Superfood Diet For Mars Exploration, Marianna Pezzella, Ruben A. Rosa Polonia Jul 2022

Hydroponically Growing A Holistic Superfood Diet For Mars Exploration, Marianna Pezzella, Ruben A. Rosa Polonia

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

In “Hydroponically Growing a Holistic Superfood Diet for Mars Exploration,” Project H.O.M.E. members conducted an experiment to help determine ways to provide future astronauts with a complete, balanced diet on a planet that does not receive as much sunlight as Earth. Sending massive amounts of food into space is incredibly expensive, takes up valuable spacecraft area, and is, overall, not a feasible way to provide astronauts with sustenance. Project H.O.M.E. has thus developed a hydroponic system to evaluate the growth and yield of various superfoods - including Moringa Oleifera, goji berries, and kale - under simulated Mars lighting conditions. Data …

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Computational Models To Detect Radiation In Urban Environments: An Application Of Signal Processing Techniques And Neural Networks To Radiation Data Analysis, Jose Nicolas Gachancipa Jul 2022

Computational Models To Detect Radiation In Urban Environments: An Application Of Signal Processing Techniques And Neural Networks To Radiation Data Analysis, Jose Nicolas Gachancipa

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Radioactive sources, such as uranium-235, are nuclides that emit ionizing radiation, and which can be used to build nuclear weapons. In public areas, the presence of a radioactive nuclide can present a risk to the population, and therefore, it is imperative that threats are identified by radiological search and response teams in a timely and effective manner. In urban environments, such as densely populated cities, radioactive sources may be more difficult to detect, since background radiation produced by surrounding objects and structures (e.g., buildings, cars) can hinder the effective detection of unnatural radioactive material. This article presents a computational model …

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A Nature-Inspired Approach For Scenario-Based Validation Of Autonomous Systems, Quentin Goss, Mustafa Akbas Jul 2022

A Nature-Inspired Approach For Scenario-Based Validation Of Autonomous Systems, Quentin Goss, Mustafa Akbas

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Scenario-based approaches are cost and time effective solutions to autonomous cyber-physical system testing to identify bugs before costly methods such as physical testing in a controlled or uncontrolled environment. Every bug in an autonomous cyber-physical system is a potential safety risk. This paper presents a scenario-based method for finding bugs and estimating boundaries of the bug profile. The method utilizes a nature-inspired approach adapting low discrepancy sampling with local search. Extensive simulations demonstrate the performance of the approach with various adaptations.

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Assessment Of 3d Mesh Watermarking Techniques, Neha Sharma, Jeebananda Panda Jul 2022

Assessment Of 3d Mesh Watermarking Techniques, Neha Sharma, Jeebananda Panda

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

With the increasing usage of three-dimensional meshes in Computer-Aided Design (CAD), medical imaging, and entertainment fields like virtual reality, etc., the authentication problems and awareness of intellectual property protection have risen since the last decade. Numerous watermarking schemes have been suggested to protect ownership and prevent the threat of data piracy. This paper begins with the potential difficulties that arose when dealing with three-dimension entities in comparison to two-dimensional entities and also lists possible algorithms suggested hitherto and their comprehensive analysis. Attacks, also play a crucial role in deciding a watermarking algorithm so an attack based analysis is also presented …

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To License Or Not To License Reexamined: An Updated Report On Licensing Of Digital Examiners Under State Private Investigator Statutes, Thomas Lonardo, Alan Rea, Doug White Jul 2022

To License Or Not To License Reexamined: An Updated Report On Licensing Of Digital Examiners Under State Private Investigator Statutes, Thomas Lonardo, Alan Rea, Doug White

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

In this update to the 2015 study, the authors examine US state statutes and regulations relating to licensing and enforcement of Digital Examiner functions under each state’s private investigator/detective statute. As with the prior studies, the authors find that very few state statutes explicitly distinguish between Private Investigators (PI) and Digital Examiners (DE), and when they do, they either explicitly require a license or exempt them from the licensing statute. As noted in the previous 2015 study there is a minor trend in which some states are moving to exempt DE from PI licensing requirements. We examine this trend as …

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Determining The Sources Of The Zodiacal Cloud Using Relative Velocities Of Dust Particles From High-Resolution Spectroscopy, Philip B. Mann Iii Apr 2022

Determining The Sources Of The Zodiacal Cloud Using Relative Velocities Of Dust Particles From High-Resolution Spectroscopy, Philip B. Mann Iii

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

The zodiacal cloud is the Solar System debris disk in which the Earth’s orbit is located. The dust that comprises the cloud comes from cometary, asteroidal, interstellar, and other source populations, but the relative ratios have proven hard to determine. However, asteroidal and cometary particles typically have different types of orbits, with asteroidal particles having more circular and lower inclination orbits than cometary particles. Accordingly, the relative velocities of these groups of particles with respect to Earth are also different, and measurements of these relative velocities can help distinguish between the sources. The spectrum of the zodiacal light contains solar …

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Proposed L-Shape Pattern On Ufs Acm For Risk Analysis, Abhishek Asthana, Padma Lochan Pradhan Dr Mar 2022

Proposed L-Shape Pattern On Ufs Acm For Risk Analysis, Abhishek Asthana, Padma Lochan Pradhan Dr

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

At this cloud age, there is tremendous growth in business, services, resources, and cloud technology. This growth comes with a risk of unsafe, unordered, and uncertainty due to unauthorized access and theft of confidential propriety data. Our objective is to model around Read, Write and Execute to resolve these unordered, unsafe, and uncertain issues. We will develop a L-Shape pattern model matching UFS ACM to minimize the accessibilities based on RIGHT & ROLE of the resources and maximize the quality of services for safety and high availability. The preventive, detective, corrective (PDC) services are the major roles for all levels …

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A Combined Approach For Private Indexing Mechanism, Pranita Maruti Desai Ms., Vijay Maruti Shelake Mr. Mar 2022

A Combined Approach For Private Indexing Mechanism, Pranita Maruti Desai Ms., Vijay Maruti Shelake Mr.

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Private indexing is a set of approaches for analyzing research data that are similar or resemble similar ones. This is used in the database to keep track of the keys and their values. The main subject of this research is private indexing in record linkage to secure the data. Because unique personal identification numbers or social security numbers are not accessible in most countries or databases, data linkage is limited to attributes such as date of birth and names to distinguish between the number of records and the real-life entities they represent. For security reasons, the encryption of these identifiers …

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Cepheid Variable Light Curve Analysis On The Embry-Riddle 1-Meter Telescope, Kayla Taylor Mar 2022

Cepheid Variable Light Curve Analysis On The Embry-Riddle 1-Meter Telescope, Kayla Taylor

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

This report details light curve analysis for four Cepheid variable stars (Polaris, RT Aurigae, RX Aurigae, and Zeta Geminorum) using Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's 1-meter reflecting telescope and a SBIG-STX 16803 camera with a g filter. Observations were conducted once per week during the Spring 2021 semester; at least one three-hour shift was allotted per week according to the Observational Astronomy Telescope Allocation Committee (TAC). Individual light curves for each target Cepheid were then compared to published data to analyze evidence of evolution on the Instability Strip. Although the light curves showed the sinusoidal nature of brightness oscillations, amplitudes of the …

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A Critical Comparison Of Brave Browser And Google Chrome Forensic Artefacts, Stuart Berham, Sarah Morris Mar 2022

A Critical Comparison Of Brave Browser And Google Chrome Forensic Artefacts, Stuart Berham, Sarah Morris

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Digital forensic practitioners are tasked with the identification, recovery and analysis of Internet browser artefacts which may have been used in the pursuit of committing a civil or criminal offence. This research paper critically compares the most downloaded browser, Google Chrome, against an increasingly popular Chromium browser known as Brave, said to offer privacy-by-default. With increasing forensic caseloads, data complexity, and requirements for method validation to satisfy ISO 17025 accreditation, recognising the similarities and differences between the browsers, developed on the same underlying technology is essential. The paper describes a series of conducted experiments and subsequent analysis to identify artefacts …

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Digital Evidence In Appeals Of Criminal Cases Before The U.S. Courts Of Appeal: A Review Of Decisions And Examination Of The Legal Landscape From 2016 – 2020, Martin Novak Jan 2022

Digital Evidence In Appeals Of Criminal Cases Before The U.S. Courts Of Appeal: A Review Of Decisions And Examination Of The Legal Landscape From 2016 – 2020, Martin Novak

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

This study is a follow-up to Digital Evidence in Criminal Cases before the U.S. Courts of Appeal: Trends and Issues for Consideration – 2010 to 2015. The current study examines appeals of criminal cases before the United States Courts of Appeal from January 2016 through August 2020, where one or more appeal claims were related to digital evidence. The purpose of this research was to determine if the legal landscape has changed since 2015; examine the most relevant legal issues related to digital evidence; and analyze how precedential cases may have affected digital forensics as evidence.

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Technical Behaviours Of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenders, Chad Steel, Emily Newman, Suzanne O'Rourke, Ethel Quayle Jan 2022

Technical Behaviours Of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenders, Chad Steel, Emily Newman, Suzanne O'Rourke, Ethel Quayle

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

An exploration of the technological behaviours of previously convicted child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenders provides a foundation for future applied research into deterrence, investigation, and treatment efforts. This study evaluates the technology choices and transitions of individuals previously convicted of CSEM offenses. Based on their inclusion in two sex offender registries, anonymous survey results (n=78) were collected from English-speaking adults within the United States. CSEM offenders chose technologies based on both utility and perceived risk; peer-to-peer and web-browsers were the most common gateway technologies and showed substantial sustained usage; a substantial minority of users never stored CSEM and only …

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Forensic Discoverability Of Ios Vault Applications, Alissa Gilbert, Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar Jan 2022

Forensic Discoverability Of Ios Vault Applications, Alissa Gilbert, Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

Vault Applications are used to store potentially sensitive information on a smartphone; and are available on Android and iOS. The purpose of using these applications could be used to hide potential evidence or illicit photos. After comparing five different iOS photo vaults, each vault left evidence and photos behind. However, of the three forensic toolkits used, each produced different results in their scans of the phone. The media left behind was due to the photo vaults not protecting their information as claimed, and using basic obfuscation techniques in place of security controls. Future research will look at how newer security …

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Ga Pilot Perceptions Of Speech Systems To Transcribe And Submit Pireps, Deborah S. Carstens Ph.D., Pmp, Michael S. Harwin, J.D., M.S., Tianhua Li, Ph.D., Brandon J. Pitts, Ph.D., Mel Futrell, M.A., Barrett Caldwell, Ph.D. Jan 2022

Ga Pilot Perceptions Of Speech Systems To Transcribe And Submit Pireps, Deborah S. Carstens Ph.D., Pmp, Michael S. Harwin, J.D., M.S., Tianhua Li, Ph.D., Brandon J. Pitts, Ph.D., Mel Futrell, M.A., Barrett Caldwell, Ph.D.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Flying into hazardous weather can be a cause of aviation incidents and accidents. Accidents involving general aviation (GA) pilots who are not instrument rated who fly into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are often fatal. Pilot weather reports (PIREPs) can increase the accuracy and timeliness of current and forecasted weather conditions. They are an essential tool used by pilots to avoid flying into hazardous weather as well as meteorologists to develop and update aviation forecasts. Thus, a large number of accurate PIREPs with the best source of current weather coming from pilots and air traffic controllers are needed. Pilots are often …

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