Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Pion-Kaon Correlations In Central Au+Au Collisions At √SNn=130 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

Pion-kaon correlation functions are constructed from central Au+Au STAR data taken at √s_NN=130  GeV by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The results suggest that pions and kaons are not emitted at the same average space-time point. Space-momentum correlations, i.e., transverse flow, lead to a space-time emission asymmetry of pions and kaons that is consistent with the data. This result provides new independent evidence that the system created at RHIC undergoes a collective transverse expansion.

Three-Pion Hanbury Brown–Twiss Correlations In Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions From The Star Experiment, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

Data from the first physics run at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Au+Au collisions at √s_NN=130   GeV, have been analyzed by the STAR Collaboration using three-pion correlations with charged pions to study whether pions are emitted independently at freeze-out. We have made a high-statistics measurement of the three-pion correlation function and calculated the normalized three-particle correlator to obtain a quantitative measurement of the degree of chaoticity of the pion source. It is found that the degree of chaoticity seems to increase with increasing particle multiplicity.

Energy Scaling Law For Buildings, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

This paper is an ode to my friend Hendrik. We collaborated on hyperfine interactions from 1962 to 1984, when he was colleague and friend. Since then I have been working on the Physics of Societal Issues (Springer Verlag, 2003). The paper below models energy use in buildings, which could save considerable energy with well-designed buildings.

Biological Permanent Magnets, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Magnetotactic bacteria orient and migrate along magnetic field lines. Each cell is essentially a self-propelled magnetic dipole. The magnetic properties of these bacteria have been determined by a variety of techniques, including pulsed hysteresis measurements on single cells.

Understanding The Mechanisms Of Lead, Copper, And Zinc Retention By Phosphate Rock, R. X. Cao, L. Q. Ma, R. D. Rhue, C. S. Appel

Earth and Soil Sciences

The solid-liquid interface reaction between phosphate rock (PR) and metals (Pb, Cu, and Zn)was studied. Phosphate rock has the highest affinity for Pb, followed by Cu and Zn, with sorption capacities of 131, 114, and 83.2 mmol kg-1 PR, respectively. In the Pb-Cu-Zn ternary system, competitive metal sorption occurred with sorption capacity reduction of 15.2%, 48.3%, and 75.6% for Pb, Cu, and Zn, respectively. A fractional factorial design showed the interfering effect in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn. Desorption of Cu and Zn was sensitive to pH change, increasing with pH decline, whereas Pb desorption was decreased with a …

Cal Poly's Eswcc Teaches The Next Generation Of Soil Scientists, M. Perry, C. Appel

Earth and Soil Sciences

Since 1992, members of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo’s Earth, Soil, and Water Conservation Club (ESWCC), sponsored by the MESA Agricultural Initiative, have volunteered their time and expertise to educate middle-school students in soil science. ESWCC members assemble soil testing kits containing three soils, pH testing materials, and instructions for analyzing soil pore space, water infiltration rates, and soil texture by “feel”. The kits help over 200 California teachers convey the importance of soil science through simple physical and chemical procedures that provide a deeper understanding of soil. ESWCC members train teachers to run classroom experiments and to relate soil …

When Plans Distinguish Bayes Nets, Alex Dekhtyar, Judy Goldsmith, Janice Pearce

Computer Science and Software Engineering

We consider the complexity of determining whether differing probability distributions for the same Bayes net result in different policies, significantly different policy outcomes or optimal value functions.

Computer-Controlled In-Class Feedback System For Interactive Lectures, Thomas J. Bensky

Physics

Instructors who wish to implement an interactive lecture style, such as peer instruction, have the need to collect feedback from students in a lecture environment. We present a computer-controlled electronic circuit that allows for quick, rigorous, and accurate measurement and reporting of student feedback in the lecture environment.

Net Charge Fluctuations In Au+Au Collisions At √SNn=130 Gev, Star Collaboration, T.D. Gutierrez

Physics

We present the results of charged particle fluctuations measurements in Au+Au collisions at √s_NN=130 GeV using the STAR detector. Dynamical fluctuations measurements are presented for inclusive charged particle multiplicities as well as for identified charged pions, kaons, and protons. The net charge dynamical fluctuations are found to be large and negative providing clear evidence that positive and negative charged particle production is correlated within the pseudorapidity range investigated. Correlations are smaller than expected based on model-dependent predictions for a resonance gas or a quark-gluon gas which undergoes fast hadronization and freeze-out. Qualitative agreement is found with comparable scaled …

Ξ‾ And Ω Distributions In Hadron–Nucleus Interactions, R. Vogt, Thomas D. Gutierrez

Physics

Strange baryons have long been known to exhibit a leading particle effect. A recent comparison of Ξ‾ production in π‾, n, and Σ‾ interactions with nuclei show this effect clearly. These data are supplemented by earlier measurements of Ξ‾ and Ω production by a Ξ‾ beam. We calculate the Ξ‾ and Ω x_F distributions and nuclear dependence in hA interactions using the intrinsic model.

Implications Of Test-Driven Development: A Test Study, Reid Kaufmann, David S. Janzen

Computer Science and Software Engineering

A Spring 2003 experiment examines the claims that test-driven development or test-first programming improves software quality and programmer confidence. The results indicate support for these claims and inform larger future experiments.

A Framework For Management Of Concurrent Xml Markup, Alex Dekhtyar, Ionut E. Iacob

Computer Science and Software Engineering

The problem of concurrent markup hierarchies in XML encodings of documents has attracted attention of a number of humanities researchers in recent years. The key problem with using concurrent hierarchies to encode documents is that markup in one hierarchy is not necessarily well-formed with respect to the markup in another hierarchy. Previously proposed solutions to this problem rely on the XML expertise of the editors and their ability to maintain correct DTDs for complex markup languages. In this paper, we approach the problem of maintenance of concurrent XML markup from the Computer Science perspective. We propose a framework that allows …

Ustranscom: Corporate Information-Centric Environment, Collaborative Agent Design Research Center

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

As a result of foresight and planning that has established a logical data model (i.e., the Master Model), a set of standard reference tables and 17 migration software systems as the foundation of a disciplined Corporate Data Environment (CDE), USTRANSCOM now finds itself in the enviable position of being able to implement DoD’s vision of a Global Information Grid (GIG) with speed and confidence. The urgency with which DoD views the need to shift the burden of tedious data filtering and interpretation tasks from human operators to automated machine-based processes, is reflected in the CDE and provides the opportunity for …

Split Knowledge Level Modeling, Michael A. Zang, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Traditional approaches to building intelligent information systems employ an object model to define a representational structure for the information of interest within the target domain of the system. At runtime, the model provides a constrained template for the creation of the individual object instances and relationships that together define the state of the system at a given point in time. The ontology also provides a vocabulary for expressing domain knowledge typically in the form of rules (declarative knowledge) or methods (procedural knowledge). Agents operating within the system utilize the encoded knowledge to progress the state of the system towards the …

Application Of Interferometric Wave Propagation For Refractive Index Measurements Of Solids, Glen D. Gillen, Shekhar Guha

Physics

The output signal of a modified Michelson interferometer with a flat-parallel sample, whose normal is oriented at an arbitrary angle with respect to the laser path, placed in one arm is analyzed. The interferometric pattern as a function of angle is calculated, and used to determine the absolute refractive index.

Motion Planning For Multiple Mobile Robots Using Dynamic Networks, Christopher M. Clark, Stephen M. Rock, Jean-Claude Latombe

Computer Science and Software Engineering

A new motion planning framework is presented that enables multiple mobile robots with limited ranges of sensing and communication to maneuver and achieve goals safely in dynamic environments. To combine the respective advantages of centralized and de-centralized planning, this framework is based on the concept of centralized planning within dynamic robot networks. As the robots move in their environment, localized robot groups form networks, within which world models and robot goals can be shared. Whenever a network is formed, new information then becomes available to all robots in this network. With this new information, each robot uses a fast, centralized …

Demonstration Of A Typical Ontology-Based Collaborative Agents System: Seaway, Anthony Wood, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

In San Luis Obispo we have seventy-seven SEAWAY systems which are being prepared for fielding, and we are deep into the design of the follow on version. So, we are discussing a decision support system which is operational. Before we explore SEAWAY, we probably ought to talk about defining decision making problems and applying decision support.

In the case where the senior decision maker has poor decision skills, even the best decision support will make only the most marginal of difference. However, good decision support can make a huge difference if you have just an adequate decision process and adequate …

Proceedings Of The 2003 Onr Decision-Support Workshop Series: Developing The New Infostructure, Collaborative Agent Design Research Center

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

In August of 1998 the Collaborative Agent Design Research Center (CADRC) of the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly), approached Dr. Phillip Abraham of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) with the proposal for an annual workshop focusing on emerging concepts in decision-support systems for military applications. The proposal was considered timely by the ONR Logistics Program Office for at least two reasons. First, rapid advances in information systems technology over the past decade had produced distributed, collaborative computer-assistance capabilities with profound potential for providing meaningful support to military decision makers. Indeed, some systems based on …

Ontological Approaches For Semantic Interoperability, Michael A. Zang, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

This paper provides a basic description of the concept of an ontology. It then describes how ontologies are structured and employed in the context of interfaces between software based information systems. This usage is discussed in the context of three successive levels of semantic interoperability between two example systems. The paper goes on to suggest that the interfaces between information systems should perhaps be viewed and implemented as systems themselves. The paper concludes by providing a brief summary of what was discussed.

Index Selection For Embedded Control Applications Using Description Logics, Lubomir Stanchev, Grant Weddell

Computer Science and Software Engineering

We consider the problem of automated index selection for embedded control programs (ECPs). Such systems have the property that the transaction types, which can consist of queries and updates, are predefined and can be classified as either critical or non-critical. In this paper, we focus on the critical part of the transaction workload for ECPs. More precisely, our problem input consists of a set of critical transaction types and a database schema. The goal is to find a minimum number of extended indices that enable every critical operation to be performed efficiently. The proposed solution is novel in that it …

Analysis Of Resonance Structure In The Above-Threshold Ionization Photoelectron Spectra Of Magnesium, Glen D. Gillen, L D. Van Woerkom

Physics

Using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and 120-fs, 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser pulses, we observe and analyze intensity-dependent resonant population of specific intermediate excited states of neutral magnesium atoms and their subsequent photoionization in the laser field. Various participating states are identified using angular-momentum selection rules, partial yields, and angular distributions. Several unexpected results are observed and discussed, including peaks that do not correspond to expected resonant processes, and order-to-order variations in the photoelectron spectra.

Driven Depinning Of Strongly Disordered Media And Anisotropic Mean-Field Limits, M. Christina Marchetti, A. Alan Middleton, Karl Saunders, J. M. Schwarz

Physics

Extended systems driven through strong disorder are modeled generically using coarse-grained degrees of freedom that interact elastically in the directions parallel to the drive and slip along at least one of the directions transverse to the motion. In the limit of infinite-range elastic and viscous coupling this model has a tricritical point separating a region where the depinning is continuous, in the universality class of elastic depinning, from a region where depinning is hysteretic. Many of the collective transport models discussed in the literature are special cases of the generic model.

Improving Requirements Tracing Via Information Retrieval, Jane Huffman Hayes, Alex Dekhtyar, James Osborne

Computer Science and Software Engineering

This paper presents an approach for improving requirements tracing based on framing it as an information retrieval (IR) problem. Specifically, we focus on improving recall and precision in order to reduce the number of missed traceability links as well as to reduce the number of irrelevant potential links that an analyst has to examine when performing requirements tracing. Several IR algorithms were adapted and implemented to address this problem. We evaluated our algorithms by comparing their results and performance to those of a senior analyst who traced manually as well as with an existing requirements tracing tool. Initial results suggest …

Morro Bay National Monitoring Program: Nonpoint Source Pollution And Treatment Measure Evaluation For The Morro Bay Watershed, Katie Mcneill, John H. Davis, Karen Worcester, Lynn E. Moody, Brian Dietterick, Jonathan Beckett, James P. Daly, Brent Hallock, Becky Judge, Robert K. Smidt, Linda S. Shotwell, Craig Stubler, Peter Meertens

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

802.11 Denial-Of-Service Attacks: Real Vulnerabilities And Practical Solutions, John M. Bellardo, Stefan Savage

Computer Science and Software Engineering

The convenience of 802.11-based wireless access networks has led to widespread deployment in the consumer, industrial and military sectors. However, this use is predicated on an implicit assumption of confidentiality and availability. While the security flaws in 802.11's basic confidentially mechanisms have been widely publicized, the threats to network availability are far less widely appreciated. In fact, it has been suggested that 802.11 is highly susceptible to malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks targeting its management and media access protocols. This paper provides an experimental analysis of such 802.11-specific attacks - their practicality, their efficacy and potential low-overhead implementation changes to mitigate …

Query Algebra Operations For Interval Probabilities, Wenzhong Zhao, Alex Dekhtyar, Judy Goldsmith

Computer Science and Software Engineering

The groundswell for the `00s is imprecise probabilities. Whether the numbers represent the probable location of a GPS device at its next sounding, the inherent uncertainty of an individual expert's probability prediction, or the range of values derived from the fusion of sensor data, probability intervals became an important way of representing uncertainty. However, until recently, there has been no robust support for storage and management of imprecise probabilities. In this paper, we define the semantics of traditional query algebra operations of selection, projection, Cartesian product and join, as well as an operation of conditionalization, specific to probabilistic databases. We …

The Emerging Knowledge Management Paradigm: Some Organizational And Technical Issues, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

This paper addresses the expectations, organizational implications, and information processing requirements, of the emerging knowledge management paradigm. A brief discussion of the enablement of the individual through the wide-spread availability of computer and communication facilities, is followed by a description of the structural evolution of organizations, and the architecture of a computer-based knowledge management system. The author discusses two trends that are driven by the treatment of information and knowledge as a commodity: increased concern for the management and exploitation of knowledge within organizations; and, the creation of an organizational environment that facilitates the acquisition, sharing and application of knowledge. …

Pre-Conference Proceedings Of The Focus Symposium On Collaborative Decision-Support Systems, Collaborative Agent Design Research Center

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

The papers included in these pre-conference proceedings reflect the increasing focus on the utilization of computers as collaborating, decision-assistance partners in complex and often time-critical problem situations. There are high expectations that intelligent software agents will solve many of our current information system woes, such as lack of interoperability, multiple failure points, vulnerability to intrusion, making the right information available to the right person at the right time, and proposing solutions under time-critical conditions. Software agents do not have magical human-like capabilities. It is not possible to simply develop a piece of software code that is capable of reasoning about …

The Knowledge Level Approach To Intelligent Information System Design, Michael A. Zang, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Traditional approaches to building intelligent information systems employ an ontology to define a representational structure for the data and information of interest within the target domain of the system. At runtime, the ontology provides a constrained template for the creation of the individual objects and relationships that together define the state of the system at a given point in time. The ontology also provides a vocabulary for expressing domain knowledge typically in the form of rules (declarative knowledge) or methods (procedural knowledge). The system utilizes the encoded knowledge, often in conjunction user input, to progress the state of the system …

Tegrid: Demonstration Of A Semantic Web Environment, Steven Gollery, Jens G. Pohl

Collaborative Agent Design (CAD) Research Center

Over the past several years there has been an increasing recognition of the shortcomings of message-passing data-processing systems that compute data without understanding, and the vastly superior potential capabilities of information-centric systems that incorporate an internal information model with sufficient context to support a useful level of automatic reasoning.

The key difference between a data-processing and an information-centric environment is the ability to embed in the information-centric software some understanding of the information being processed. The term information-centric refers to the representation of information in the computer, not to the way it is actually stored in a digital machine. This …