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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High Resolution Remote Sensing As A Tool To Improve Coastal Habitat Mapping In The Gulf Of Maine, Gabriel Hesketh
High Resolution Remote Sensing As A Tool To Improve Coastal Habitat Mapping In The Gulf Of Maine, Gabriel Hesketh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The derivation of oceanographic and biological parameters from remote sensing is well documented across decades of research. Careful evaluation of satellite products provides insight into the optimal algorithms for image processing, research, and various biogeographical applications. Archived multi-satellite data from the United States Geological Survey offers users decades of continuously updated global data, and the agency has recently updated the Landsat portion of its catalog with Collection 2 files, which offers both Level 1 and Level 2 processed data products. Here, we evaluate the Collection 2 improvements using several published algorithms currently used to derive sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, and …
Examining Summertime Melt And Temperatures In The North Pacific Cordillera, Ingalise Kindstedt
Examining Summertime Melt And Temperatures In The North Pacific Cordillera, Ingalise Kindstedt
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Temperature changes in glaciated regions are of immediate concern for estimates of future sea level rise. Alaska and the surrounding region contain over 40 mm of potential sea level rise in its many alpine glaciers, which are experiencing some of the highest rates of mass loss globally. However, records of both past and present temperatures in the region’s alpine sectors are sparse and limited in temporal and spatial extent. Here I examine the application of MODIS land surface temperatures and layers of refrozen melt in ice cores as temperature indicators in the St. Elias and Alaska Ranges. First, I find …
Bicknell's Thrush Habitat Use On Commercial Forests In Maine, Usa, Kaitlyn Wilson
Bicknell's Thrush Habitat Use On Commercial Forests In Maine, Usa, Kaitlyn Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Forest reliant species may be significantly impacted by forest management practices. Understanding these impacts, and whether they are positive or negative, requires a species- specific understanding of habitat use. Bicknell’s thrush (Catharus bicknelli) is a range-restricted habitat specialist occurring in balsam fir (Abies balsamea) dominated montane forests that have been recently disturbed and are undergoing successional growth. While research investigating this species’ habitat use has been conducted throughout much of its breeding range, knowledge of Bicknell’s thrush habitat use in Maine is lacking. Greater understanding of habitat use in Maine would improve the ability of forest managers to promote conservation …
Chlorophyll Absorption And Phytoplankton Size Information Inferred From Hyperspectral Particulate Beam Attenuation, Henry F. Houskeeper, David Draper, Raphael M. Kudela, Emmanuel Boss
Chlorophyll Absorption And Phytoplankton Size Information Inferred From Hyperspectral Particulate Beam Attenuation, Henry F. Houskeeper, David Draper, Raphael M. Kudela, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Electromagnetic theory predicts spectral dependencies in extinction efficiency near a narrow absorption band for a particle with an index of refraction close to that of the medium in which it is immersed. These absorption band effects are anticipated in oceanographic beam-attenuation (beam-c) spectra, primarily due to the narrow red peak in absorption produced by the phytoplankton photopigment, chlorophyll a (Chl a). Here we present a method to obtain Chl a absorption and size information by analyzing an eigendecomposition of hyperspectral beam-c residuals measured in marine surface waters by an automatic underway system. We find that three principal modes capture more …
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Lorraine A. Remer, Anthony B. Davis, Shana Mattoo, Robert C. Levy, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Odele Coddington, Jacek Chowdhary, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Xiaoguang Xu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan Franz, Robert Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres, Feng Xu, Peng Wang Zhai
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Lorraine A. Remer, Anthony B. Davis, Shana Mattoo, Robert C. Levy, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Odele Coddington, Jacek Chowdhary, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Xiaoguang Xu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan Franz, Robert Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres, Feng Xu, Peng Wang Zhai
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission is scheduled to launch in 2022, with the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on board. For the first time reflected sunlight from the Earth across a broad spectrum from the ultraviolet (UV: 350 nm) to the short wave infrared (SWIR: 2260 nm) will be measured from a single instrument at 1 km spatial resolution. While seven discrete bands will represent the SWIR, the spectrum from 350 to 890 nm will be continuously covered with a spectral resolution of 5 nm. OCI will thus combine in a single instrument (and at an enhanced …
Remote Sensing Of Icebergs In Greenland's Fjords And Coastal Waters, Jessica Scheick
Remote Sensing Of Icebergs In Greenland's Fjords And Coastal Waters, Jessica Scheick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Increases in ocean water temperature are implicated in driving recent accelerated rates of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Icebergs provide a key tool for gaining insight into ice-ocean interactions and until recently have been relatively understudied. Here we develop several methods that exploit icebergs visible in optical satellite imagery to provide insight on the ice--ocean environment and explore how iceberg datasets can be used to examine the physics of iceberg decay and parent glacier properties. First, a semi-automated algorithm, which includes a machine learning-based cloud mask, is applied to six years (2000-2002 and 2013-2015) of the Landsat archive …
Multispectral Classification Of Gulf Of Maine Surface Waters: Seasonal And Interannual Variability, Brianna M. King
Multispectral Classification Of Gulf Of Maine Surface Waters: Seasonal And Interannual Variability, Brianna M. King
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bio-optically, surface waters of the northeastern US continental shelf are strongly heterogeneous, exhibiting highly variable distributions in both time and space of suspended sediment, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and phytoplankton concentration and community structure. These render the standard global NASA satellite chlorophyll algorithm suspect. However, spectral signatures of the water are well quantified by the actual satellite-based multispectral reflectance (Rrs) measurements. Here, we use 6 bands of Rrs measurements from 19 years (1998-2016) of monthly composite SeaWiFS and MODIS data to identify the spectral signatures of dominant water types present over the northeast shelf. A merged multivariate clustering approach …
Satellite Sensor Requirements For Monitoring Essential Biodiversity Variables Of Coastal Ecosystems, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Erin Hestir, Christiana Ade, Kevin Turpie, Dar A. Roberts, David Siegel, Robert J. Miller, David Humm, Noam Izenberg, Mary Keller, Frank Morgan, Robert Frouin, Arnold G. Dekker, Royal Gardner, James Goodman, Blake Schaeffer, Bryan A. Franz, Nima Pahlevan, Antonio G. Mannino, Javier A. Concha, Steven G. Ackleson, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Anastasia Romanou, Maria Tzortziou, Emmanuel S. Boss, Ryan Pavlick, Anthony Freeman, Cecile S. Rousseaux, John Dunne, Matthew C. Long, Eduardo Klein
Satellite Sensor Requirements For Monitoring Essential Biodiversity Variables Of Coastal Ecosystems, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Erin Hestir, Christiana Ade, Kevin Turpie, Dar A. Roberts, David Siegel, Robert J. Miller, David Humm, Noam Izenberg, Mary Keller, Frank Morgan, Robert Frouin, Arnold G. Dekker, Royal Gardner, James Goodman, Blake Schaeffer, Bryan A. Franz, Nima Pahlevan, Antonio G. Mannino, Javier A. Concha, Steven G. Ackleson, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Anastasia Romanou, Maria Tzortziou, Emmanuel S. Boss, Ryan Pavlick, Anthony Freeman, Cecile S. Rousseaux, John Dunne, Matthew C. Long, Eduardo Klein
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The biodiversity and high productivity of coastal terrestrial and aquatic habitats are the foundation for important benefits to human societies around the world. These globally distributed habitats need frequent and broad systematic assessments, but field surveys only cover a small fraction of these areas. Satellite-based sensors can repeatedly record the visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra that contain the absorption, scattering, and fluorescence signatures of functional phytoplankton groups, colored dissolved matter, and particulate matter near the surface ocean, and of biologically structured habitats (floating and emergent vegetation, benthic habitats like coral, seagrass, and algae). These measures can be incorporated into Essential …
Harnessing Remote Sensing To Address Critical Science Questions On Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions, Griet Neukermans, Tristan Harmel, Martí Galí, Natalia Rudorff, Jacek Chowdhary, Oleg Dubovik, Chris Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, Cédric Jamet, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Yoav Lehahn, Pavel Litvinov, Andrew M. Sayer, Brian Ward, Emmanuel Boss, Ilan Koren, Lisa A. Miller
Harnessing Remote Sensing To Address Critical Science Questions On Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions, Griet Neukermans, Tristan Harmel, Martí Galí, Natalia Rudorff, Jacek Chowdhary, Oleg Dubovik, Chris Hostetler, Yongxiang Hu, Cédric Jamet, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Yoav Lehahn, Pavel Litvinov, Andrew M. Sayer, Brian Ward, Emmanuel Boss, Ilan Koren, Lisa A. Miller
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Earth observing systems have proven to be a unique source of long-term synoptic information on numerous physical, chemical and biological parameters on a global scale. Merging this information for integrated studies that peruse key questions about the ocean-atmosphere interface is, however, very challenging. Such studies require interdisciplinary frameworks and novel insights into ways to address the problem. We present here a perspective review on how current and emerging remote sensing technologies could help address two scientific questions within the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) science plan: (1) to what extent does upper-ocean biology affect the composition and radiative properties of …
Underway Spectrophotometry Along The Atlantic Meridional Transect Reveals High Performance In Satellite Chlorophyll Retrievals, Robert J.W. Brewin, Giorgio Dall'olmo, Silvia Pardo, Virginie Van Dongen-Vogels, Emmanuel S. Boss
Underway Spectrophotometry Along The Atlantic Meridional Transect Reveals High Performance In Satellite Chlorophyll Retrievals, Robert J.W. Brewin, Giorgio Dall'olmo, Silvia Pardo, Virginie Van Dongen-Vogels, Emmanuel S. Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
To evaluate the performance of ocean-colour retrievals of total chlorophyll-a concentration requires direct comparison with concomitant and co-located in situ data. For global comparisons, these in situ match-ups should be ideally representative of the distribution of total chlorophyll-a concentration in the global ocean. The oligotrophic gyres constitute the majority of oceanic water, yet are under-sampled due to their inaccessibility and under-represented in global in situ databases. The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) is one of only a few programmes that consistently sample oligotrophic waters. In this paper, we used a spectrophotometer on two AMT cruises (AMT19 and AMT22) to continuously measure …
Plankton Networks Driving Carbon Export In The Oligotrophic Ocean, Lionel Guidi, Samuel Chaffron, Lucie Bittner, Damien Eveillard, Abdelhalim Larhlimi, Simon Roux, Youssef Darzi, Stephane Audic, Léo Berline, Jennifer R. Brum, Luis Pedro Coelho, Julio Cesar Ignacio Espinoza, Shruti Malviya, Shinichi Sunagawa, Céline Dimier, Stefanie Kandels-Lewis, Marc Picheral, Julie Poulain, Sarah Searson, Lars Stemmann, Fabrice Not, Pascal Hingamp, Sabrina Speich, Mick Follows, Lee Karp-Boss, Emmanuel Boss, Hiroyuki Ogata, Stephane Pesant, Jean Weissenbach, Patrick Wincker, Silvia G. Acinas
Plankton Networks Driving Carbon Export In The Oligotrophic Ocean, Lionel Guidi, Samuel Chaffron, Lucie Bittner, Damien Eveillard, Abdelhalim Larhlimi, Simon Roux, Youssef Darzi, Stephane Audic, Léo Berline, Jennifer R. Brum, Luis Pedro Coelho, Julio Cesar Ignacio Espinoza, Shruti Malviya, Shinichi Sunagawa, Céline Dimier, Stefanie Kandels-Lewis, Marc Picheral, Julie Poulain, Sarah Searson, Lars Stemmann, Fabrice Not, Pascal Hingamp, Sabrina Speich, Mick Follows, Lee Karp-Boss, Emmanuel Boss, Hiroyuki Ogata, Stephane Pesant, Jean Weissenbach, Patrick Wincker, Silvia G. Acinas
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The biological carbon pump is the process by which CO 2 is transformed to organic carbon via photosynthesis, exported through sinking particles, and finally sequestered in the deep ocean. While the intensity of the pump correlates with plankton community composition, the underlying ecosystem structure driving the process remains largely uncharacterized. Here we use environmental and metagenomic data gathered during the Tara Oceans expedition to improve our understanding of carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean. We show that specific plankton communities, from the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum, correlate with carbon export at 150 m and highlight unexpected taxa such as …
Regional Ocean-Colour Chlorophyll Algorithms For The Red Sea, Robert J.W. Brewin, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Giorgio Dall'olmo, Nikolaos Zarokanellos, Thomas Jackson, Marie Fanny Racault, Emmanuel S. Boss, Shubha Sathyendranath, Burt H. Jones, Ibrahim Hoteit
Regional Ocean-Colour Chlorophyll Algorithms For The Red Sea, Robert J.W. Brewin, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Giorgio Dall'olmo, Nikolaos Zarokanellos, Thomas Jackson, Marie Fanny Racault, Emmanuel S. Boss, Shubha Sathyendranath, Burt H. Jones, Ibrahim Hoteit
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed tropical marine ecosystem that stretches from the Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba in the north, to the Gulf of Aden in the south. Despite its ecological and economic importance, its biological environment is relatively unexplored. Satellite ocean-colour estimates of chlorophyll concentration (an index of phytoplankton biomass) offer an observational platform to monitor the health of the Red Sea. However, little is known about the optical properties of the region. In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of the Red Sea in the context of satellite ocean-colour estimates of chlorophyll concentration. Making …
Tb207: A Manual For Remote Sensing Of Maine Lake Clarity, Ian M. Mccullough, Cynthia S. Loftin, Steven A. Sader
Tb207: A Manual For Remote Sensing Of Maine Lake Clarity, Ian M. Mccullough, Cynthia S. Loftin, Steven A. Sader
Technical Bulletins
The purpose of this manual is to support use of satellite-based remote sensing for statewide lake water-quality monitoring in Maine. The authors describe step-by-step methods that combine Landsat and MODIS satellite data with field-collected Secchi disk data for statewide assessment of lake water clarity. Landsat can be simultaneously used to assess more than Maine 1,000 lakes ≥ 8 ha, whereas MODIS can be used to assess a maximum of 364 lakes ≥ 100 ha (250-m image resolution) or 83 lakes ≥ 400 ha (500-m image resolution). Although the methods were specifically developed for Maine, other states or non-Maine agencies may …
Underway Sampling Of Marine Inherent Optical Properties On The Tara Oceans Expedition As A Novel Resource For Ocean Color Satellite Data Product Validation, P. Jeremy Werdell, Christopher W. Proctor, Emmanuel Boss, Thomas Leeuw, Mustapha Ouhssain
Underway Sampling Of Marine Inherent Optical Properties On The Tara Oceans Expedition As A Novel Resource For Ocean Color Satellite Data Product Validation, P. Jeremy Werdell, Christopher W. Proctor, Emmanuel Boss, Thomas Leeuw, Mustapha Ouhssain
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Developing and validating data records from operational ocean color satellite instruments requires substantial volumes of high quality in situ data. In the absence of broad, institutionally supported field programs, organizations such as the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group seek opportunistic datasets for use in their operational satellite calibration and validation activities. The publicly available, global biogeochemical dataset collected as part of the two and a half year Tara Oceans expedition provides one such opportunity. We showed how the inline measurements of hyperspectral absorption and attenuation coefficients collected onboard the R/V Tara can be used to evaluate near-surface estimates of chlorophyll-a, …
Observing Biogeochemical Cycles At Global Scales With Profiling Floats And Gliders: Prospects For A Global Array, Kenneth S. Johnson, William M. Berelson, Emmanuel S. Boss, Zanna Chase, Hervé Claustre, Steven R. Emerson, Nicolas Gruber, Arne Körtzinger, Mary Jane Perry, Stephen C. Riser
Observing Biogeochemical Cycles At Global Scales With Profiling Floats And Gliders: Prospects For A Global Array, Kenneth S. Johnson, William M. Berelson, Emmanuel S. Boss, Zanna Chase, Hervé Claustre, Steven R. Emerson, Nicolas Gruber, Arne Körtzinger, Mary Jane Perry, Stephen C. Riser
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Chemical and biological sensor technologies have advanced rapidly in the past five years. Sensors that require low power and operate for multiple years are now available for oxygen, nitrate, and a variety of bio-optical properties that serve as proxies for important components of the carbon cycle (e.g., particulate organic carbon). These sensors have all been deployed successfully for long periods, in some cases more than three years, on platforms such as profiling floats or gliders. Technologies for pH, pCO 2, and particulate inorganic carbon are maturing rapidly as well. These sensors could serve as the enabling technology for a global …
Modeling Boundaries Of Influence Among Positional Uncertainty Fields, Joshua P. King
Modeling Boundaries Of Influence Among Positional Uncertainty Fields, Joshua P. King
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Within a CIS environment, the proper use of information requires the identification of the uncertainty associated with it. As such, there has been a substantial amount of research dedicated to describing and quantifying spatial data uncertainty. Recent advances in sensor technology and image analysis techniques are making image-derived geospatial data increasingly popular. Along with development in sensor and image analysis technologies have come departures from conventional point-by-point measurements. Current advancements support the transition from traditional point measures to novel techniques that allow the extraction of complex objects as single entities (e.g., road outlines, buildings). As the methods of data extraction …