Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Statistical Fetch Model For Water Wave Glint Correction Using Worldview-3 Imagery, Amanda Jade Quintanilla

Theses and Dissertations

Sun glint in satellite imagery of the water surface contaminates the upwelling signal received by a detector. Many models exist that attempt to correct for this wave facet effect and phenomena. In this work a model for sun glint correction is created using the comparison of image transects between two nearly simultaneously collected images of the same area, although with differing sensor geometry. One image utilized in this research is almost entirely glint free while the other is contaminated by water wave facet glint. Although many models for removing sun glint exist based on various techniques, none are completely accurate, …

Ecological Assessment Of Drainage Water Input On The Water Quality Of A Coastal Estuary, Mediterranean Coast Of Egypt, Fatma A. Zaghloul, Hoda A. E. Hemaida, Hayat M. Faragallah, Ahmed A. Radwan

Blue Economy

El Mex Bay, located west of Alexandria City, is identified as a hot spot of pollution along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. It is a large, shallow, and turbid water body of socioeconomic importance. However, El Mex Bay receives a large amount of untreated industrial wastewater, as well as agricultural runoff from different land-based sources.

A comprehensive environmental study was carried out seasonally during 2020-2021. To evaluate the effect of this discharged wastewater on the water quality of El Mex Bay.

The physicochemical parameters were measured at both the surface and near-bottom water at nine stations.

Principal component analysis indicated …

On The Links Between Sea Level And Temperature Variations In The Chesapeake Bay And The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (Amoc), Tal Ezer, Teresa Updyke

CCPO Publications

Recent studies found that on long time scales there are often unexplained opposite trends in sea level variability between the upper and lower Chesapeake Bay (CB). Therefore, daily sea level and temperature records were analyzed in two locations, Norfolk in the southern CB and Baltimore in the northern CB; surface currents from Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar (CODAR) near the mouth of CB were also analyzed to examine connections between the CB and the Atlantic Ocean. The observations in the bay were compared with daily Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) observations during 2005–2021. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analysis was used …

Wavelet Compression As An Observational Operator In Data Assimilation Systems For Sea Surface Temperature, Bradley J. Sciacca

University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The ocean remains severely under-observed, in part due to its sheer size. Containing nearly billion of water with most of the subsurface being invisible because water is extremely difficult to penetrate using electromagnetic radiation, as is typically used by satellite measuring instruments. For this reason, most observations of the ocean have very low spatial-temporal coverage to get a broad capture of the ocean’s features. However, recent “dense but patchy” data have increased the availability of high-resolution – low spatial coverage observations. These novel data sets have motivated research into multi-scale data assimilation methods. Here, we demonstrate a new assimilation approach …

Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Microplastics Within Humboldt Bay, California, Isabelle M. Marcus, Tamara B. Barriquand, Rebecca M. Thompson, Bennett C. Hosselkus, Cole T. Hutson, Michael Jacobs, Connor Mcneil, Leah Newton, Stephanie M. Olivarez, Jeffrey Abell

CSU Journal of Sustainability and Climate Change

This study aimed to quantify microplastic (MP) concentration and analyze the spatial and temporal variabilities of the concentrations during the tidal cycle in Humboldt Bay, California. To get an approximation of MP concentration, both water and sediment samples were taken at five different stations, twice during one tidal cycle. Sampling was conducted during two different cruises, on the 19th and 21st of September 2020. The samples were processed in the lab using a density separation procedure and filtration. MP concentrations in the different samples were determined using an average optical microscopy count. Comparison of the water column MP concentrations during …

The Response Of The Zooplankton Community In The Western Gulf Of Maine To A Shift In Oceanographic Conditions: 2005-2017, Emma Cecile Dullaert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Gulf of Maine (GoM) harbors a productive ecosystem that supports a wide variety of marine life, providing services upon which local communities rely. The GoM ecosystem supports many important commercially harvested species, including the American lobster (Homerus americanus) which is the most valuable fishery in the US, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and a variety of groundfish. The GoM is also home to the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), which has historically been known to feed in the eastern GoM and Bay of Fundy during the summer and fall months. In …

The Surprising Oceanography Of The Gulf Of Maine, Nicholas R. Record, Benjamin Tupper, Johnathan Evanilla, Kyle Oliveira, Camille Ross, Logan Ngai, Karen Stamieszkin

Maine Policy Review

The oceanography of the Gulf of Maine has changed in ways that have not been seen previously but that are likely to be more common in the future–changes like extreme rapid warming and declines in primary productivity. The changing oceanography has underpinned surprising losses in commercial stocks and endangered species. Because of the rapid rate of change, some have viewed the Gulf of Maine as a window into the ocean’s future, with the idea that lessons learned can be applied in places that have yet to experience similar rapid changes. We can examine the dynamics, origin, and implications of surprising …

Arctic Ocean And Subarctic Seas Dynamics In A Changing Climate, Sarah B. Hall

Theses and Dissertations

Salinity is the primary determinant of the Arctic Ocean’s vertical density stratification in the upper ocean, which has major implications on the ocean’s physical dynamics alongside a period of rapidly declining sea ice. In recent decades, the Arctic’s freshwater content (FWC) has increased as a result of the accumulation of freshwater source inputs. Additional freshwater exported to the North Atlantic may hinder overturning processes that are vital to the regulation of global climate. This dissertation employs in situ measurements, satellite observations, and ocean model simulations to better understand salinity and freshwater changes in the Arctic Ocean during this changing climate. …

Understanding Biogeochemical And Physical Controls On Methane Air-Sea Exchange Fluxes In The Pacific Ocean, Sarah Raney

Master's Theses

Methane and trace element samples were collected on GEOTRACES GP15 Pacific Meridional Transect (PMT) cruise conducted between the Aleutian Islands (57 °N) and Tahiti (20 °S) from September to November 2018. Uncertainty in methane air-sea exchange fluxes was determined using a propagation of errors approach. Fluxes ranged from -0.88 to 4.9 µmol CH₄ m^-2 d^-1. Average CH₄ flux along the Alaskan margin was 2.2 ± 2.9 µmol CH₄ m^-2 d^-1. Methane fluxes decreased moving southward and increased to their open ocean maximum around 20 °N before declining in equatorial waters. Near …

Environmental Isotope Geochemistry Ocg 550, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Power In Numbers: An Abundance Of Small Corals Responsible For Storing Over Half Of The Carbon Stored By All Alaskan Primnoa Pacifica Deep-Sea Corals, Sylvie Alexander

Scripps Senior Theses

Gorgonian deep-sea corals (DSCs) are biologically linked to ocean carbon cycling converting ocean carbon to gorgonin and calcite in their skeletons. As such, gorgonian DSCs likely accumulate and store carbon in their skeleton throughout their lifespans, acting as carbon sinks on historic timescales. Yet, DSC carbon storage hasn’t been investigated to date. This study evaluates gorgonian DSC carbon storage capacity through an evaluation of the carbon stored by Alaskan Primnoa pacifica corals. The development of a model relating coral height to biomass in specimens with this data available was used to determine biomass values in a suite of Alaskan P. …

Horizontal Air Mass: Solutions For Fermi Questions, November 2022, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

High-Tide Floods And Storm Surges During Atmospheric Rivers On The Us West Coast, Christopher G. Piecuch, Sloan Coats, Sönke Dangendorf, Felix W. Landerer, J. T. Reager, Philip R. Thompson, Thomas Wahl

CCPO Publications

Amospheric rivers (ARs) effect inland hydrological impacts related to extreme precipitation. However, little is known about the possible coastal hazards associated with these storms. Here we elucidate high-tide floods (HTFs) and storm surges during ARs through a statistical analysis of data from the US West Coast during 1980-2016. HTFs and landfalling ARs co-occur more often than expected from random chance. Between 10%-63% of HTFs coincide with landfalling ARs, depending on location. However, only 2%-15% of ARs coincide with HTFs, suggesting that ARs typically must co-occur with anomalously high tides or mean sea levels to cause HTFs. Storm surges during ARs …

Drop In The Bucket?, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Drop In The Bucket?: Solutions For Fermi Questions, December 2022, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Aquatic Particle Number Quandry, Alexander B. Bochdansky, Huanqing Huang, Maureen H. Conte

OES Faculty Publications

Optical surveys of aquatic particles and their particle size spectra have become important tools in studies of light propagation in water, classification of water masses, and the dynamics of trophic interactions affecting particle aggregation and flux. Here, we demonstrate that typical settings used in image analysis vastly underestimate particle numbers due to the particle – gel continuum. Applying a wide range of threshold values to change the sensitivity of our detection system, we show that macrogels cannot be separated from more dense particles, and that a true particle number per volume cannot be ascertained; only relative numbers in relation to …

Anthropogenic Impacts To Essential Habitats In The Gulf Of Maine: A Case Study Of The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, And Its Fishery, Andrew Goode

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Gulf of Maine has been fundamentally altered by anthropogenic forcings for decades and offers an ideal study system to monitor response to change. Through complex interactions between ocean warming, altered demographic bottlenecks, and reduced top-down controls, the American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards) capitalized on favorable conditions and proliferated within the Gulf of Maine. These changes catalyzed the expansion of the lobster fishery, elevated its status as North America’s most valuable marine resource, and shifted coastal communities towards a virtual lobster monoculture. The same processes that facilitated lobster to capitalize on favorable conditions may come with unintended consequences …

The Coastal Monitor: Vol. 7 No. 3, John Tanacredi Ph.D.

The Coastal Monitor

Where has all the pollution gone? No hazardous toxic algal blooms? Incredible summer estuarine water quality! No fish kills. Banner years in recreational fisheries for Stripers and Blues and incredible numbers of Humpback whales! No going to restaurants, so greater at home use of water and septic systems! Since March 2020, drier years than most, thus reducing runoff with fertilizers and organic pesticides, resulting in reduced water contamination. So maybe, just maybe, this COVID- 19 period which has altered our collective lives forever, has also resulted in a grand experiment on what has been hiding in plain sight? That is, …

The Influence Of Bottom Type And Water Column Stratification On Reef Fish Community Structure At Gray’S Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Bridget Campbell

Honors Theses

Understanding the physical and oceanographic differences across reef habitats can help researchers assess how those differences influence fish distribution and community structure, which leads to a better understanding of what a healthy reef system looks like. The traditional methods used to assess fish communities on temperate reefs are limited and often focus solely on either the reef structure or water column conditions alone. An assessment of both data sets yields a more complete understanding of the ecosystem as a whole. In this study, Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) was surveyed both inside and outside a Marine Protected Area (MPA) …

Examining Arctic Melt Pond Dynamics Via High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Austin Abbott, Victoria Hill

College of Sciences Posters

The Arctic Ocean is a rapidly changing environment, and a key observational system for monitoring climate change. The Arctic is going under a rapid transition from thicker, multi-year ice, to thinner first-year ice, that may have many potential consequences. As first year Arctic sea ice begins to retreat in the spring and early summer, melting snow and ice form ponds on the surface- “melt ponds”. These melt ponds increase light transmission to the water column, resulting in warming and increased primary production under the ice. Recent advances in high resolution satellite imagery now allow us to monitor the development and …

Hacking 4 Environment: Oceans Ocg 503, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Environmental Forcing On Zooplankton Distribution In The Coastal Waters Of The Galápagos Islands: Spatial And Seasonal Patterns In The Copepod Community Structure, Diego F. Figueroa

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The oceanographic setting of the Galápagos Archipelago results in a spatially diverse marine environment suitable for a variety of species with different climatic requirements. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that the community of zooplankton in the Galápagos is highly structured by regional differences in productivity patterns and advective sources. Results are mostly based on biodiversity patterns of the copepod community collected over the Galápagos shelf between 2004 and 2006. Two contrasting marine environments were observed: a nutrientrich upwelling system with a shallow mixed layer and a diatom-dominated phytoplankton community in the west, and a non-upwelling system with …

Biological Oceanography Laboratory Ocg 562, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Larry Philip Atkinson 1941-2020, Gregory Cutter, Louis Codispoti

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Taxonomic And Nutrient Controls On Phytoplankton Iron Quotas In The Ocean, Benjamin S. Twining, Olga Antipova, P. Dreux Chappell, Natalie R. Cohen, Jeremy E. Jacquot, Elizabeth L. Mann, Adrian Marchetti, Daniel C. Ohnemus, Sara Rauschenberg, Alessandro Tagliabue

OES Faculty Publications

Phytoplankton iron contents (i.e., quotas) directly link biogeochemical cycles of iron and carbon and drive patterns of nutrient limitation, recycling, and export. Ocean biogeochemical models typically assume that iron quotas are either static or controlled by dissolved iron availability. We measured iron quotas in phytoplankton communities across nutrient gradients in the Pacific Ocean and found that quotas diverged significantly in taxon‐specific ways from laboratory‐derived predictions. Iron quotas varied 40‐fold across nutrient gradients, and nitrogen‐limitation allowed diatoms to accumulate fivefold more iron than co‐occurring flagellates even under low iron availability. Modeling indicates such “luxury” uptake is common in large regions of …

Marine Geobiology Ocg 502, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Global Ocean Change Ocg 511, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Marine Geobiology Ocg 5xx, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Global Ocean Change Ocg 5xx, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

Ocean Resilience Ocg 601, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.