Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Mechanisms Of Formation Of Novel Guanine-Guanine Cross-Links As Major End Products During One-Electron Oxidation Of Guanine Derivatives, Evan Dunn

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Guanine (G), as the most oxidizable base in DNA, is the major focus of studies of oxidation damage to DNA. The present thesis reports the first detailed characterization of G dimerization products potentially resulting from recombination of neutral G• radicals. Previous research has discovered a novel type of products of G• dimerization, D1 and D2, formed from one-electron oxidation of G derivatives. However, the mechanism of this dimerization remains elusive. While there appears to be a tautomeric equilibrium between two forms of G•, G(N₁-H)• or G(N₂-H)•, it remains unclear which intermediate participates in the formation of …

Vermont Global Warming Solutions Act: The Costs Of Inaction From Land Conversions, Grayson L. Younts

All Theses

The Vermont (VT) Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA, 2020) sets greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets as 26% below 2005 by 2025, 40% below 1990 by 2030 and 80% below 1990 by 2050 for energy-related emissions only. Vermont’s omission of GHG emissions from land conversions can result in significant costs of inaction (COI), which can hinder state’s mitigation and adaptation plans and result in a climate crisis-related risks (e.g., credit downgrade). Science-based spatio-temporal data of GHG emissions from soils as a result of land conversions can be integrated into the conceptual framework of “action” versus “inaction” to prevent GHG emissions. …

Rodents In Agriculture: A Broad Perspective, Gary Witmer

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The largest taxonomic group of mammals is rodents, with over 2200 species known around the world [1]. More recently, it was stated that over 2500 species exist [2]. Many species exist on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica. Rodents have adapted to all ecosystems of the world, including tundra, alpine, temperate forests, grasslands, arid regions, and aquatic systems. They provide many ecosystem functions, including soil aeration and mixing, seed and spore dispersal, vegetation succession, and being an important food source for predatory animals. Some species of rodents are even consumed by people in some parts of the world. Most …

Plastic Deformation-Based Constitutive Relation Of Coal Damage And Permeability Model, Wu Xuehai, Li Bobo, Wang Xin, Gao Zheng, Li Jianhua, Xu Jiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coal and gas outburst induced by mining disturbance is one of the main gas dynamic disasters in coal mine production. In order to systematically explore the evolution characteristics of coal damage and the law of gas seepage under mining disturbance, the whole stress strain–seepage experiment under different gas pressures was carried out. The generalized Hooke's law was modified by considering the effects of gas adsorption and thermal expansion, the plastic deformation-based constitutive relation of coal damage was established, and the piecewise permeability model considering the damage was further constructed. The results shown that the coal permeability can be divided into …

Cardiac Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Nrf2 Expression, And Coagulation Events In Mice With Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease, Abderrahim Nemmar, Suhail Al-Salam, Sumaya Beegam, Nur Elena Zaaba, Javed Yasin, Naserddine Hamadi, Badreldin H. Ali

All Works

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Dietary adenine intake in mice is also known to induce CKD. However, in this experimental model, the mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity and coagulation disturbances are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and coagulation events in mice with adenine (0.2% w/w in feed for 4 weeks)-induced CKD. Control mice were fed with normal chow for the same duration. Adenine increased water intake, urine output, relative kidney weight, the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine, and the urinary concentrations of kidney injury molecule-1 and …

Evaluating The Effects Of Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia Rufa) Management On Conifer Stocking In Western Oregon, Jimmy D. Taylor, Vanessa M. Petro

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is the most primitive rodent species in North America and is endemic to the Pacific Northwest, USA. Within their range, mountain beaver cause more conflict with conifer forest regeneration than any other vertebrate species. Most damage occurs as a result of clipping and browsing new seedlings, which reduces stocking density and delays stand development. An integrated approach using trapping and a registered toxicant (baiting) has been suggested as the most efficacious means to reduce seedling loss during stand initiation. We evaluated this management strategy in intensively managed conifer stands across two mountain ranges in …

Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney

Doctoral Dissertations

A material is considered soft when its bulk modulus is significantly greater than its shear modulus. Rubbery polymers are a class of soft materials where resistance to extension is mainly entropic in nature. Polymeric soft solids differ from liquids due to the presence of a percolated network of strong bonds that resist deformation and flow on a given time scale. The incompressible nature, entropically driven elasticity, and molecular scale network structure of soft polymeric solids combine to impart unique mechanical behavior that often results in complex material responses to simple loading situations. An important example of this is cavitation in …

Population Increases Of Large Birds In North America Pose Challenges For Aviation Safety, Richard A. Dolbeer

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

There is a strong correlation between bird mass and the likelihood of aircraft damage during a bird–aircraft collision. Thus, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has established airworthiness standards related to bird mass for engines, airframes, and windshields. Most standards use large (1.8 kg) and medium (1.1 kg) birds as benchmarks (the empennage and certain large turbofan engines use a 3.6-kg bird). There are 20 large (≥1.8 kg) and 16 medium (1.1–1.7 kg) bird species in North America with ≥20 strikes reported for civil aircraft (FAA National Wildlife Strike Database), 1990 to 2018. I analyzed the population changes of these …

The Changing Role Of Rodenticides And Their Alternatives In The Management Of Commensal Rodents, Gary Witmer

USDA Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rodents cause substantial damage and losses of foodstuffs around the world. They also transmit many diseases to humans and livestock. While various methods are used to reduce damage caused by rodents, rodenticides remain an important tool in the toolbox. However, like all tools, rodenticides have advantages and disadvantages. Several considerations are shaping the future of rodenticide use, including manufacturing and registration costs, concern about toxicity levels and nontarget animal hazards, potential hazards to children, reduced effectiveness of some formulations, and humaneness to the targeted rodents. Many of these disadvantages apply to anticoagulant rodenticides, and their use is being more restricted …

Study On Uniaxial Compression Mechanical Properties Of Sandstone With Different Moisture Content And Wave Velocity Method, Duan Tianzhu, Ren Yaping

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to investigate the mechanical properties and damage of sandstone under different uniaxial compression, the static uniaxial compression tests of five sandstones with different moisture content were carried out, and the physical and mechanical parameters were obtained. And the wave velocity of the sandstone samples with different moisture content were measured by ultrasonic detector. Then the sandstone was loaded to 80% peak intensity and then unloaded to 0. The acoustic wave velocity of sandstone was measured at this time. The damage was determined by acoustic wave method. The results show that the peak strength of sandstone under uniaxial compression …

Novel Use Of Neural Networks To Identify And Detect Electrical Infrastructure Performance, Evan Pierre Savaria

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

Electrical grid maintenance and repairs are crucial services that keep America’s lights on. Electrical service providers make it their priority to uphold minimal interruptions to this service. Electricity is essential for modern technology within the home, such as cooking, refrigeration, and hot water. Organizations, such as schools, hospitals, and military bases, cannot properly function or operate without power. When analyzing the current electrical infrastructure, it is evident that considerable components of the power grid are aging and in need of replacement. Additionally, threats and damage continue to occur. These damages occur not only due to simple, single power line failure …

Damage Simulation Of A Certain Type Of Armored Equipment Based On Finite Element Analysis, Junqing Huang, Tuan Wang, Guanghui Li, Fan Rui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the finite element numerical simulation method, the damage simulation of a certain type of armored equipment was studied. The numerical simulation model of ammo power was established. Based on 3D modeling technology, the vulnerability model of the armored equipment in the component level with high-resolution was established. The spatial relation model of projectile and target was established based on the interaction analysis of projectile and target. According to the characteristic of ammo damage element, combined with the damage criterion of armored equipment component, the damage condition of the component and the damage grade of the armored equipment …

Experimental Analysis Of Micro-Cracks On The Change Of Moisture Transport Properties Of Aac, Jiří Maděra, Jan Kočí, Václav Kočí, Miloš Jerman, Magdaléna Doleželová

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this paper, series of experiment measurements is carried out in order to study effect of freeze/thaw loading on the change of moisture transport properties of autoclaved aerated concrete. The samples were subjected to 15, 30 and 45 freeze/thaw cycles and subsequently basic physical properties, pore size distribution and water vapor and liquid water transport properties were investigated. The results showed significant changes in material properties of the material. The results of this research can be further implemented into computational models in order to bring the simulation results closer to the reality.

Colorado Acequia Handbook: Water Rights And Governance Guide For Colorado's Acequias, Jens Jensen, Peter D. Nichols, Ryan Golten, Sarah Krakoff, Sarah Parmar, Karl Kumli, Jesse Heibel, Blake Busse, Karoline Garren, Julia Guarino, Megan Gutwein, Cori Hach, Melissa S. Jensen, Shannon Liston, Gunnar Paulsen, Nate Miller, John R. Sherman, Dan Weiss, Michael Weissman, Emily Neiley, University Of Colorado Boulder. Getches-Wilkinson Center For Natural Resources, Energy, And The Environment, Gates Family Foundation, Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation, Sangre De Cristo National Heritage Area, Sangre De Cristo Acequia Association, Colorado Open Lands

Books, Reports, and Studies

51 pages (includes 1 color map)

Introduction -- Definitions -- Water rights -- Change of water right -- Transfers of water rights -- Water sharing agreements -- Losing your water rights ("use it or lose it") -- Preventing the transfer of water out of the acequia -- Conservation easements -- Governing the acequia -- Assessments -- Easements -- Enforcement -- Tort liability -- Water quality -- The Rio Grande Compact -- Main government water entities -- Where can an acequia get legal assistance? -- Appendix I. Water rights : frequently asked questions -- Appendix II. Acequia bylaws : frequently asked …

Antioxidant Mechanisms Of Glutathione Against Metal-Mediated Oxidative Dna Damage, Elias Eteshola

Graduate Theses - Chemistry and Biochemistry

Oxidative damage of DNA strands has been strongly linked with the development of diseases such as certain cancers, cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s, as well as aging. In intercellular reactions involving hydrogen peroxide endogenous metals have been shown to increase the generation of site-specific base modifications through their formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage markers measured via HPLC are the 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the dA-N1 oxide markers. The current study deals with the reduced form of the sulfur antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and elucidating its ameliorating effects against ROS formation. Comparative studies with the known radical-scavenging sulfur antioxidant dimethyl sulfoxide …

Spatial And Temporal Characteristics Of Polarimetric Tornadic Debris Signatures, Matthew S. Van Den Broeke, Sabrina T. Jauernic

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Nonmeteorological scatter, including debris lofted by tornadoes, may be detected using the polarimetric radar variables. For the 17 months from January 2012 to May 2013, radar data were examined for each tornado reported in the domain of an operational polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). Characteristics of the tornadic debris signature (TDS) were recorded when a signature was present. Approximately 16% of all tornadoes reported in Storm Data were associated with a debris signature, and this proportion is shown to vary regionally. Signatures were more frequently seen with tornadoes that were rated higher on the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, with …

Slides: Colorado Law: Protecting Water Quantity And Quality, Alan E. Curtis

Monitoring and Protecting Groundwater During Oil and Gas Development (November 26)

Presenter: Alan E. Curtis, White & Jankowski, LLP

23 slides

Interaction Of Ultrashort-Laser Pulses With Induced Undercritical Plasmas In Fused Silica, Jeremy R. Gulley, Sebastian W. Winkler, William M. Dennis, Carl M. Liebig, Razvan Stoian

Faculty and Research Publications

Ultrafast light-material interactions near the damage threshold are often studied using postmortem analysis of damaged dielectric materials. Corresponding simulations of ultrashort pulse propagation through the material are frequently used to gain additional insight into the processes leading to such damage. However, comparison between such experimental and numerical results is often qualitative, and pulses near to but not exceeding the damage threshold leave no permanent changes in the material for postmortem analysis. In this article, a series of experiments is presented that measures the near- and far-field properties of a 140-fs laser pulse after propagation through a fused silica sample in …

Use Of Partially Fenced Fields To Reduce Deer Damage To Corn, Aaron M. Hildreth, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Erin E. Blankenship, Kurt C. Vercauteren

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) damage agricultural crops, often leading to significant economic losses for farmers. We used poly-mesh fence with wings to separate good deer cover from agricultural fields where crop damage by deer occurred primarily along this edge. In these cases, complete enclosure of the field with fencing may be unnecessary. The design used a 2.13-m-high polypropylene mesh fence erected along the wooded edge of a field with either 50-m or 150-m wings extending perpendicular from the fence line and wooded habitat. Fences reduced deer damage in cornfields 13.5% (F_1,6= _∞, P < 0.001). Average yield in fenced fields (10,211 kg/ha) was 1,708 kg/ha greater than in control fields, which, at US$0.155/kg, equals a net gain of US$265/ha. We found no difference in damage between fences with 50-m and 150-m wings (F …