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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

On Ampleness And Pseudo-Anosov Homeomorphisms In The Free Group, Rizos Sklinos Jan 2015

On Ampleness And Pseudo-Anosov Homeomorphisms In The Free Group, Rizos Sklinos

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We use pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of surfaces in order to prove that the first-order theory of non-Abelian free groups, T_{fg}, is n-ample for any n \in \omega. This result adds to the work of Pillay, which proved that T_{fg} is non-CM-trivial. The sequence witnessing ampleness is a sequence of primitive elements in F_{\omega}. Our result provides an alternative proof to the main result of a recent preprint by Ould Houcine and Tent.


On P-Schemes With The Same Degrees Of Thin Radical And Thin Residue, Fatemeh Raei Barandagh, Amir Rahnamai Barghi Jan 2015

On P-Schemes With The Same Degrees Of Thin Radical And Thin Residue, Fatemeh Raei Barandagh, Amir Rahnamai Barghi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let p and n>1 be a prime number and an integer, respectively. In this paper, first we show that any p-scheme whose thin radical and thin residue are equal is isomorphic to a fission of the wreath product of 2 thin schemes. In addition, we characterize association p-schemes whose thin radical and thin residue each have degree equal to p. We also characterize association p-schemes on p^n points whose thin radical and thin residue each have degree equal to p^{n-1}, and whose basis relations each have valency 1 or p^{n-1}. Moreover, we show that such schemes are Schurian.


Companion Inequalities To Ostrowski--Grüss Type Inequality And Applications, Khalid Mahmood Awan, Josip Pecaric, Mihaela Ribicic Penava Jan 2015

Companion Inequalities To Ostrowski--Grüss Type Inequality And Applications, Khalid Mahmood Awan, Josip Pecaric, Mihaela Ribicic Penava

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The aim of this paper is to give some companion inequalities to the Ostrowski-Grüss type inequality for n-time differentiable absolutely continuous functions by using recently obtained bounds for the Chebyshev functional.


Generalized Heineken--Mohamed Type Groups, Orest Artemovych Jan 2015

Generalized Heineken--Mohamed Type Groups, Orest Artemovych

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We prove that a torsion group G with all subgroups subnormal is a nilpotent group or G=N(A_1 \times \cdots \times A_n) is a product of a normal nilpotent subgroup N and p_i-subgroups A_i, where A_i=A_1^{(i)} \cdots A_{m_i}^{(i)} \lhd G, A_j^{(i)} is a Heineken--Mohamed type group, and p_1, \ldots, p_n are pairwise distinct primes (n\geq 1; i=1, ... ,n; j=1, ... ,m_i and m_i are positive integers).


Almost Analytic Forms With Respect To A Quadratic Endomorphism And Their Cohomology, Mircea Crasmareanu, Cristian Ida Jan 2015

Almost Analytic Forms With Respect To A Quadratic Endomorphism And Their Cohomology, Mircea Crasmareanu, Cristian Ida

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The goal of this paper is to consider the notion of almost analytic form in a unifying setting for both almost complex and almost paracomplex geometries. We use a global formalism, which yields, in addition to generalizations of the main results of the previously known almost complex case, a relationship with the Frölicher-Nijenhuis theory. A cohomology of almost analytic forms is also introduced and studied as well as deformations of almost analytic forms with pairs of almost analytic functions.


On Broyden-Like Update Via Some Quadratures For Solving Nonlinear Systems Of Equations, Hassan Mohammad, Mohammed Yusuf Waziri Jan 2015

On Broyden-Like Update Via Some Quadratures For Solving Nonlinear Systems Of Equations, Hassan Mohammad, Mohammed Yusuf Waziri

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this work, we propose a new alternative approximation based on the quasi-Newton approach for solving systems of nonlinear equations using the average of midpoint and Simpson's quadrature. Our goal is to enhance the efficiency of the method (Broyden's method) by reducing the number of iterations it takes to reach a solution. Local convergence analysis and computational results showing the relative efficiency of the proposed method are given.


Random Process Generated By The Incomplete Gauss Sums, Emek Demi̇rci̇ Akarsu Jan 2015

Random Process Generated By The Incomplete Gauss Sums, Emek Demi̇rci̇ Akarsu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper we explore a random process generated by the incomplete Gauss sums and establish an analogue of weak invariance principle for these sums. We focus our attention exclusively on a generalization of the limit distribution of the long incomplete Gauss sums given by the family of periodic functions analyzed by the author and Marklof.


On The Computation Of Generalized Division Polynomials, Ömer Küçüksakalli Jan 2015

On The Computation Of Generalized Division Polynomials, Ömer Küçüksakalli

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We give an algorithm to compute the generalized division polynomials for elliptic curves with complex multiplication. These polynomials can be used to generate the ray class fields of imaginary quadratic fields over the Hilbert class field with no restriction on the conductor.


Hilbert Series Of The Finite Dimensional Generalized Hecke Algebras, Zaffar Iqbal Jan 2015

Hilbert Series Of The Finite Dimensional Generalized Hecke Algebras, Zaffar Iqbal

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

It is known from the early results of Coxeter that the generalized Hecke algebras $H(Q_{m},3)$, $m\in\{2,3,4,5\}$, are finite dimensional. In this paper we compute the Hilbert series of these finite-type group algebras.


Super D-Anti-Magic Labeling Of Subdivided $Kc_{5}$, Muhammad Hussain, Ali Tabraiz Jan 2015

Super D-Anti-Magic Labeling Of Subdivided $Kc_{5}$, Muhammad Hussain, Ali Tabraiz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A graph $(G=(V,E,F))$ admits labeling of type $(1,1,1)$ if we assign labels from the set $ \{1, 2, 3, . . . , V (G) + E(G) + F(G) \}$ to the vertices, edges, and faces of a planar graph $G$ in such a way that each vertex, edge, and face receives exactly one label and each number is used exactly once as a label and the weight of each face under the mapping is the same. Super $d$-antimagic labeling of type $(1,1,1)$ on snake $kC_{5}$, subdivided $kC_{5}$ as well as ismorphic copies of $kC_{5}$ for string $(1,1,...,1)$ and string …


Regular Poles For The P-Adic Group $Gsp_4$-Ii, Yusuf Danişman Jan 2015

Regular Poles For The P-Adic Group $Gsp_4$-Ii, Yusuf Danişman

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We compute the regular poles of the L-factors of the admissible and irreducible representations of the group $GSp_4$, which admit a nonsplit Bessel functional and have a Jacquet module length of 3 with respect to the unipotent radical of the Siegel parabolic, over a non-Archimedean local field of odd characteristic. We also compute the $L$-factors of the generic representations of $GSp_4$.


Od-Characterization Of Some Alternating Groups, Shitian Liu Jan 2015

Od-Characterization Of Some Alternating Groups, Shitian Liu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $G$ be a finite group. Moghaddamfar et al. defined prime graph $\Gamma(G)$ of group $G$ as follows. The vertices of $\Gamma(G)$ are the primes dividing the order of $G$ and two distinct vertices $p,q$ are joined by an edge, denoted by $p\sim q$, if there is an element in $G$ of order $pq$. Assume $ G =p_{1}^{\alpha_{1}}\cdots p_{k}^{\alpha_{k}}$ with $P_{1}$ <$\cdots$&\lt;$p_{k}$ and nature numbers $\alpha_{i}$ with $i=1,2,\cdots,k$. For $p\in\pi(G)$, let the degree of $p$ be $\deg(p)= \{q\in\pi(G)\mid q\sim p\} $, and $D(G)=(\deg(p_{1}), \deg(p_{2}), \cdots, \deg(p_{k}))$. Denote by $\pi(G)$ the set of prime divisor of $ G $. Let $GK(G)$ be the graph with vertex set $\pi(G)$ such that two primes $p$ and $q$ in $\pi(G)$ are joined by an edge if $G$ has an element of order $p\cdot q$. We set $s(G)$ to denote the number of connected components of the prime graph $GK(G)$. Some authors proved some groups are $OD$-characterizable with $s(G)\geq2$. Then for $s(G)=1$, what is the influence of $OD$ on the structure of groups? We knew that the alternating groups $A_{p+3}$, where $7\neq p\in\pi(100!)$, $A_{130}$ and $A_{140}$ are $OD$-characterizable. Therefore, we naturally ask the following question: if $s(G)=1$, then is there a group $OD$-characterizable? In this note, we give a characterization of $A_{p+3}$ except $A_{10}$ with $s(A_{p+3})=1$, by $OD$, which gives a positive answer to Moghaddamfar and Rahbariyan's conjecture.


Generalized Weakly Central Reduced Rings, Ying Zhou, Junchao Wei Jan 2015

Generalized Weakly Central Reduced Rings, Ying Zhou, Junchao Wei

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A ring $R$ is called $GWCN$ if $x^2y^2=xy^2x$ for all $x\in N(R)$ and $y\in R$, which is a proper generalization of reduced rings and $CN$ rings. We study the sufficient conditions for $GWCN$ rings to be reduced and $CN$. We first discuss many properties of $GWCN$ rings. Next, we give some interesting characterizations of left min-abel rings. Finally, with the help of exchange $GWCN$ rings, we obtain some characterizations of strongly regular rings.


Uniquely Strongly Clean Triangular Matrices, Huanyin Chen, Orhan Gürgün, Handan Kose Jan 2015

Uniquely Strongly Clean Triangular Matrices, Huanyin Chen, Orhan Gürgün, Handan Kose

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A ring $R$ is uniquely (strongly) clean provided that for any $a\in R$ there exists a unique idempotent $e\in R$ \big($e\in comm(a)$\big) such that $a-e\in U(R)$. We prove, in this note, that a ring $R$ is uniquely clean and uniquely bleached if and only if $R$ is abelian, ${\mathbb{T}}_{n}(R)$ is uniquely strongly clean for all $n\geq 1$, i.e. every $n\times n$ triangular matrix over $R$ is uniquely strongly clean, if and only if $R$ is abelian, and ${\mathbb{T}}_{n}(R)$ is uniquely strongly clean for some $n\geq 1$. In the commutative case, more explicit results are obtained.


On The Second Homology Of The Sch\"{U}Tzenberger Product Of Monoids, Melek Yağci, Leyla Bugay, Hayrullah Ayik Jan 2015

On The Second Homology Of The Sch\"{U}Tzenberger Product Of Monoids, Melek Yağci, Leyla Bugay, Hayrullah Ayik

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For two finite monoids $S$ and $T$, we prove that the second integral homology of the Sch\"{u}tzenberger product $S\Diamond T$ is equal to $$H_{2}(S\Diamond T)=H_{2}(S)\times H_{2}(T)\times (H_{1}(S)\otimes _{\mathbb Z} H_{1}(T)) $$ as the second integral homology of the direct product of two monoids. Moreover, we show that $S\Diamond T$ is inefficient if there is no left or right invertible element in both $S$ and $T$.


Classification Of Metallic Shaped Hypersurfaces In Real Space Forms, Ci̇han Özgür, Ni̇hal Yilmaz Özgür Jan 2015

Classification Of Metallic Shaped Hypersurfaces In Real Space Forms, Ci̇han Özgür, Ni̇hal Yilmaz Özgür

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We define the notion of a metallic shaped hypersurface and give the full classification of metallic shaped hypersurfaces in real space forms. We deduce that every metallic shaped hypersurface in real space forms is a semisymmetric hypersurface.


Dynamic Behavior Of A Second-Order Nonlinearrational Difference Equation, Yacine Halim, Nouressadat Touafek, Yasi̇n Yazlik Jan 2015

Dynamic Behavior Of A Second-Order Nonlinearrational Difference Equation, Yacine Halim, Nouressadat Touafek, Yasi̇n Yazlik

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper deals with the global attractivity of positive solutions of the second-order nonlinear difference equation \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\frac{ax_{n}^{k}+b\displaystyle\sum_{j=1}^{k-1}x_{n}^{j}x_{n-1}^{k-j}+cx_{n-1} ^{k}}{Ax_{n}^{k}+B\displaystyle\sum_{j=1}^{k-1}x_{n}^{j}x_{n-1}^{k-j}+Cx_{n-1}^{k}},\ k=3,4,...,\,n=0,1,...,\label{eq1} \end{equation*} where the parameters $a$, $b$, $c$, $A$, $B$, $C$ and the initial values $x_{0}$, $x_{-1}$ are arbitrary positive real numbers.


Spherically Symmetric Finsler Metrics With Scalar Flag Curvature, Weidong Song, Fen Zhou Jan 2015

Spherically Symmetric Finsler Metrics With Scalar Flag Curvature, Weidong Song, Fen Zhou

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we study spherically symmetric Finsler metrics F= y \phi( x ,\frac{}{ y }), where x \in B^n(r) \subset R^n, y \in T_xB^n(r)\{0} and \phi:[0,r)\times R \rightarrow R. By investigating a PDE equivalent to these metrics being locally projectively flat, we manufacture projectively flat spherically symmetric Finsler metrics in terms of error functions and, using Shen's result, we give its flag curvature.


Rings With Finite Ding Homological Dimensions, Chunxia Zhang, Zhongkui Liu Jan 2015

Rings With Finite Ding Homological Dimensions, Chunxia Zhang, Zhongkui Liu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we study Ding homological dimensions of complexes. Special attention is paid to the dimensions of homologically bounded complexes that have nice functorial descriptions. These results are applied to give new characterizations of rings R such that l.Ggldim(R) < \infty and quasi-Frobenius rings.


Stability Of Perturbed Dynamic System On Time Scales With Initial Time Difference, Coşkun Yakar, Bülent Oğur Jan 2015

Stability Of Perturbed Dynamic System On Time Scales With Initial Time Difference, Coşkun Yakar, Bülent Oğur

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The behavior of solutions of a perturbed dynamic system with respect to an original unperturbed dynamic system, which have initial time difference, are investigated on arbitrary time scales. Notions of stability, asymptotic stability, and instability with initial time difference are introduced. Sufficient conditions of stability properties are given with the help of Lyapunov-like functions.


A Note On Infinite Groups Whose Subgroups Are Close To Be Normal-By-Finite, Francesco De Giovanni, Federica Saccomanno Jan 2015

A Note On Infinite Groups Whose Subgroups Are Close To Be Normal-By-Finite, Francesco De Giovanni, Federica Saccomanno

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A group G is said to have the CF-property if the index X:X_G is finite for every subgroup X of G. Extending previous results by Buckley, Lennox, Neumann, Smith, and Wiegold, it is proven here that if G is a locally graded group whose proper subgroups have the CF-property, then G is abelian-by-finite, provided that all its periodic sections are locally finite. Groups in which all proper subgroups of infinite rank have the CF-property are also studied.


The Ext-Strongly Gorenstein Projective Modules, Jie Ren Jan 2015

The Ext-Strongly Gorenstein Projective Modules, Jie Ren

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we introduce and study Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective modules. We prove that the class of Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective modules is projective resolving. Moreover, we consider Ext-strongly Gorenstein projective precovers.


Good Modulating Sequences For The Ergodic Hilbert Transform, Azer Akhmedov, Doğan Çömez Jan 2015

Good Modulating Sequences For The Ergodic Hilbert Transform, Azer Akhmedov, Doğan Çömez

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This article investigates classes of bounded sequences of complex numbers that are universally good for the ergodic Hilbert transform in L_p-spaces, 2 \leq p \leq \infty. The class of bounded Besicovitch sequences satisfying a rate condition is among such sequence classes.


Symplectic Groupoids And Generalized Almost Subtangent Manifolds, Fulya Şahi̇n Jan 2015

Symplectic Groupoids And Generalized Almost Subtangent Manifolds, Fulya Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We obtain equivalent assertions among the integrability conditions of generalized almost subtangent manifolds, the condition of compatibility of source and target maps of symplectic groupoids with symplectic form, and generalized subtangent maps.


A Decomposition Of Transferable Utility Games: Structure Of Transferable Utility Games, Ayşe Mutlu Derya Jan 2015

A Decomposition Of Transferable Utility Games: Structure Of Transferable Utility Games, Ayşe Mutlu Derya

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We define a decomposition of transferable utility games based on shifting the worth of the grand coalition so that the associated game has a nonempty core. We classify the set of all transferable utility games based on that decomposition and analyze their structure. Using the decomposition and the notion of minimal balanced collections, we give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a transferable utility game to have a singleton core.


Equivalencies Between Beta-Shifts And S-Gap Shifts, Dawoud Ahmadi Dastjerdi, Somayyeh Jangjoo Shaldehi Jan 2015

Equivalencies Between Beta-Shifts And S-Gap Shifts, Dawoud Ahmadi Dastjerdi, Somayyeh Jangjoo Shaldehi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let X_{\beta} be a \beta -shift for \beta \in (1, 2] and X(S) a S-gap shift for S\subseteq N \cup {0}. We show that if X_\beta is SFT (resp. sofic), then there is a unique S-gap shift conjugate (resp. right-resolving almost conjugate) to this X_\beta, and if X_\beta is not SFT, then no S-gap shift is conjugate to X_\beta. For any synchronized X_{\beta} , an X(S) exists such that X_{\beta} and X(S) have a common synchronized 1-1 a.e. extension. For a nonsynchronized X_\beta, this common extension is just an almost Markov synchronized system with entropy preserving maps. We then compute …


Spreading Speeds In A Lattice Differential Equation With Distributed Delay, Huiling Niu Jan 2015

Spreading Speeds In A Lattice Differential Equation With Distributed Delay, Huiling Niu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

This paper studies the spreading speed for a lattice differential equation with infinite distributed delay and we find that the spreading speed coincides with the minimal wave speed of traveling waves. Here the model has been proposed to describe a single species living in a 1D patch environment with infinite number of patches connected locally by diffusion.


Some Remarks On Distributional Chaos For Bounded Linear Operators, Lvlin Luo, Bingzhe Hou Jan 2015

Some Remarks On Distributional Chaos For Bounded Linear Operators, Lvlin Luo, Bingzhe Hou

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The aim of this paper is to study distributional chaos for bounded linear operators. We show that distributional chaos of type k \in {1,2} is an invariant of topological conjugacy between two bounded linear operators. We give a necessary condition for distributional chaos of type 2 where it is possible to distinguish distributional chaos and Li--Yorke chaos. Following this condition, we compare distributional chaos with other well-studied notions of chaos for backward weighted shift operators and give an alternative proof to the one where strong mixing does not imply distributional chaos of type 2 (Martínez-Giménez F, Oprocha P, Peris A. …


Construction Of Self-Reciprocal Normal Polynomials Over Finite Fields Of Even Characteristic, Mahmood Alizadeh, Saeid Mehrabi Jan 2015

Construction Of Self-Reciprocal Normal Polynomials Over Finite Fields Of Even Characteristic, Mahmood Alizadeh, Saeid Mehrabi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, a computationally simple and explicit construction of some sequences of normal polynomials and self-reciprocal normal polynomials over finite fields of even characteristic are presented.


The Fundamental Theorems Of Algebroid Functions On Annuli, Yang Tan, Qingcai Zhang Jan 2015

The Fundamental Theorems Of Algebroid Functions On Annuli, Yang Tan, Qingcai Zhang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

An extension of Nevanlinna value distribution theory for algebroid functions on annuli is proposed. The main characteristics are one-parameter and possess the same properties as in the classical case. Analogs of the Cartan theorem, the first fundamental theorem, the second fundamental theorem, deficient values, and the uniqueness of algebroid functions on annuli are proved.